Lecture; and by this privilege, you may improve your intellectual powers; qualify yourself to become an useful member of fociety; and, like a skilful brother, frive to excel in every thing that is good and great.

[All regular figns and fummonfes, given and received, you are duly to honour, and punctually to obey; inafmuch as they confift with our profeffed principles. You are to fupply the wants, and re lieve the neceffities, of your brethren, to the utmost of your power and ability: and on no account are you to wrong them, or to see them wronged; but apprife them of approaching danger, and view their intereft as infeparable from your own.

Such is the nature of your engagements as a craftfman; and to these duties you are bound by the most facred ties.]

The Second Section.

The fecond fection of this degree prefents an ample field for the man of genius to perambulate. It curforily fpecifies the particular claffes of Mafonry, and explains the requifite qualifications for preferment in each. In the explanation of our ufages, many remarks are introduced, equally ufeful to the experienced artist and the fage moralift. The various operations of the mind are demonftrated, as far as they will admit of elucidation, and a fund of extenfive fcience is explored throughout. Here we find employment for leifure hours, trace fcience from its original fource, and, drawing the attention to the fum of perfection, contemplate with admiration on the wonderful works of the Creator. Geometry is difplayed, with all its powers and properties; and, in the difquitition of this fcience, the mind is filled with pleafure and delight. Such is the latitude of this fection, that the most judicious may fail in an attempt to explain it, as the rational powers are exerted to their utmoft ftretch, in illuftrating the beauties of natute, and demonftrating the more important truths of morality. [TO BE CONTINUED.]

DR. MOORE'S JOURNAL IN FRANCE. [CONTINUED FROM P. 511, DEC.]

October 24.

Na converfation which I had this day with a member of the Convention, I delivered my fentiments pretty freely upon the fubject of the murder of Mr. de la Rochefoucauld, and fome fimilar events which have taken place of late in France: he expreffed the utmost horror at them, but added that fcenes of the fame kind had been acted in every country of Europe in times of revolution and diffenfion, when great interefts

* This and the following paragraph are to be omitted, if previously used in the courfe

of the ceremony.

interefts were at ftake, and when the human paffions were inflanted and agitated in the highest degree. He mentioned certain barbarous cruelties which had been committed, on both fides, during the conteft between the white rose and the red in England: he enlarged on the maffacre in Ireland in the reign of Charles the First, and on the perfidious affair of Glenco in Scotland in the reign of King William. He added that, every thing confidered, perhaps it belonged lefs to one of my nation than of any other, to complain of the exceffes of revolutions or civil diffenfions; and with a smile he quoted from Juvenal:

Quis tulerit Gracchos de feditione querentes ?

I did not choose to push the argument farther, although, with refpect to the reciprocal cruelties which were committed during the contest between the white rofe and the red, the remark was obvious, that what a nation had done during an age of barbarism and superstition, is not to be compared with that of another in the days of knowledge and refinement—and perhaps it would not be difficult to fhew that the barbarities he enumerated, which had been committed in Great Britain and Ireland, were equalled by those committed in France at the fame periods; in which cafe, there has been fuch an accumulation here of late, that, on comparing accounts, a most dreadful balance of horrors would remain with this country.

I find fome people believe, or pretend to believe, that the murder" of the Duke of Rochefoucauld was the accidental effect of the fudden frenzy of a few volunteers; but many circumftances do not admit of that opinion. The magiftrates of Gifors, although they wished to proted the Duke, did not feize and punifh his affaffins, which looks as if they fufpected that the affaffins acted under the direction of fome men whofe enmity the magiftrates were afraid of incurring: and when we recollect that the Duke's conduct, immediately before and after the 20th of June, was highly offenfive to thofe who fpirited up the fhameful infurrection of that day; when we recollect the characters of some of them who were afterwards members of the new formed council of the Commune de Paris, and the orders for arreft which they iffued previous to the 2d of September; it will feem much more probable that the death of the Duke of Rochefoucauld proceeded from inftructions from fome of them, than from a fudden impulfe of the actual murderers.

If any thing could render this crime more atrocious, it would be, that a man who lies under the higheft obligations to the Duke, was the planner of his affaffination. This idea has been propagated notwithitanding its enormity, and perhaps is circulated the more on that very account; for the minds of fome people are peculiarly attached to the wonderful, and they are fo fond of repeating what creates the greatest emotion, of whatever nature that emotion is, that the very circumfiance which renders a story lefs credible, is an inducement for one fet of people to repeat it, and another to believe it. Much stronger prefumptive proof than any I have heard, is neceffary to induce me to think any man capable of fuch aggravated wickedness, particularly if the pursuits of his life have been of a nature to humanize the heart as

well

well as to enlighten the understanding, and if the fact can be fully accounted for, without fuppofing him to have had any direct or indirect

hand in it.

October 26.

The party which is formed against Roland and the Girondifts* manifeft already as much enmity to them as the fame party did to the court for turning Roland out of office. What renders them very formidable is the influence their leaders have in the Jacobin fociety, which begins to murmur against Roland and all his friends. To Briffot they fhew fuch peculiar diflike, that he was lately expelled from the fociety he probably obtained this diftinction on account of fome paragraphs which have lately appeared in the daily paper supposed to be conducted by him. Marat is there treated with a contempt which may be due to his talents, but which it is not prudent to fhew for a man who is ftill a favourite of the rabble, and has fome of the most defperate of them under his direction. In the fame paper Danton is glanced at with severity, and Robefpierre is turned into ridicule, in a manner that would not be readily forgiven by a man of a lefs implacable difpofition.

Briffot is a little man, of an intelligent countenance, but of a weakly frame of body.

While many of the Deputies, even those who are no way obnoxious to the violent party, carry pocket-pistols, or canes which contain fwords; Briffot walks through the streets, at all hours, without fo much as a switch in his hand.

An acquaintance of his told me that he had spoken of this to him as a piece of great imprudence, confidering the number of his enemies, many of whom he thought capable of affaffination. To this remonftrance Briffot answered with a careless air, "If they are determined to affaffinate me, they will find the means whatever arms I may carry; befides, I am of fo feeble a conftitution, that, confcious of being unable to make a good refiftance, I think it more honourable to make none."

But timidity is not to be placed among this man's failings, nor prudence among his virtues.

If Briffot is too little affected by the rancour of his enemies, Roland fhews too much fenfibility to the attacks which are made on him, and this is one reason perhaps for their being continued with fuch fpirit

Vergniaud, Genfonné, Guadet, and fome others diftinguished for their talents, are deputies from the department of Gironde, and fupport Roland: many others have joined them, and the whole are called Girondifts or Rolandifts; and Marat, who has a determined hatred to Briffot, fometimes calls them in his journa! Briffotins, and the whole clafs Roland Briffotins. Although Condorcet is of more eminence in the literary world than any I have enumerated as the friends of Roland, I have not mentioned him, because his conduct of late is thought equivocal; it is not quite clear whether he means to attach himself to Roland or Danton.

Barrere, deputy from the department of the High Pyrenées, who was a member of the constituent affembly without being much ditlinguished, begins to be thought of more importance in the Convention: he has not hitherto taken a decided part with either party, but, I am told, he is courted by both.

fpirit, and perfeverance. Infinuations tending to render him unpopu lar, not only appear in certain daily journals, but accufations against, him are fometimes pafted on the walls. He alludes to thefe rather too often in his addreffes to the Convention, which are fometimes, thought laboured and pompous. While one of this kind was reading in the affembly, I heard one of the deputies fay peevishly, "this man thinks to govern us by fine fentences," Another, fhrugging up his fhoulders, "faid his only object is to make us admire the beauty of his ftyle." To which the member who fat next him replied, " in which he fometimes fucceeds, with the affistance of his wife."

The tendency of these addreffes and letters generally is, after exculpating himself from the charges above mentioned, to prove the neceffity of order and fubmiffion to law.

But if a Minister takes the trouble of anfwering, in the National Affembly, all anonymous accufations made against him, neither he nor the Affembly will be able to do any other business; and if he has no other means of producing order and fubmiffion to law than by speeches and addreffes, there is no probability of their being produced foon.

Some of thefe compofitions however are very good in themselves.

Sed nunc non erat hic locus.

-Can it be thought that the men who ftormed the King's palace, or those who inftigated to the maffacres, will be moved from their defigns by eloquence or argument?

At the head of the party in oppofition to Roland are Danton and Robespierre; after them are Couthon, Bazire, Thuriot, Merlin de Thionville, St. André, Camille Defmoulins, Chabot, Collot d'Herbois, Sergent, Legendre, Fabre d'Eglantine, Paris, Marat.

Robespierre is a man of small size, and a difagreeable countenance, which announces more fire than understanding; in his calmeft moments, he conceals with difficulty the hatred and maliguity which is faid to exist in his heart, and which his features are admirably formed to exprefs. He diftinguished himself in the Conftituent Affembly by the violence of his fpeeches, and much more fince, in the Jacobin fociety, by the violence of his meafures. His eloquence is employed in invectives against tyrants and aristocrats, and in declamations in praife of Liberty. His fpeeches are barren in argument, but fometimes fertile in the flowers of fancy.

Robespierre is confidered as an enthusiast rather than a hypocrite: fome people think him both, which is not without example; but, to me, he seems to be too much of the first to be a great deal of the fecond.

He has always refused every office of emolument: his paffion is popularity, not avarice; and he is allowed, even by thofe who deteft many parts of his character, and are his enemies, to be incorruptible by money.

Roland is not fuppofed to poffefs all the energy of character that belongs to Danton; in many other refpects they differ. Roland is believed to be a thorough republican: Danton, it is thought, does not

VOL. VI.

C

lay

being republicans, without any regard to confiftency, and trufting to the abfurd credulity of the multitude, now accufe them of being royalifts-and not entirely without effect.

The friends of Roland brought to Paris the battalion of Marfeillois, which arrived lately, and unquestionably with no other view than to ferve as a check to the fans-culottes of the fuburbs, who are at the command of Danton; their addrefs, which was read in the Convention, is thought to be the compofition of Barbaroux.

Monfieur Egalité is at prefent feldom heard of: he appears however almost every day in the Affembly; he generally ftays about half an hour, feems to intereft himself little in what is going on, and to intereft the affembly as little. It has been faid that a weak or wronged-headed man of very high rank, or in an eminent fituation in life, is like a man on the top of a steeple, from whence all the world feems little to him, and where he feems little in the eyes of all the world-Whether M. Egalité, when in his original elevated fituation, regarded mankind, or was regarded by them, in this light, I will not fay; but he certainly has been at great pains and expence to bring himself low enough to be feen and estimated at his juft value by all the world.

[TO BE CONTINUED.]

A GENERAL TREATISE ON EDUCATION.

[CONTINUED FROM P. 507, DECEMBER.]

VIII. On the Education of the Female Sex.

THE abftracts which we have given of fome of the most celebra

ted and original treatifes on education, as well as our own obfervations on this fubject, have been hitherto either relative to the education of both the fexes, or directed chiefly to the education of the male fex. But as there is a natural difference between the characters of the two fexes, and as there are certain duties peculiar to each of them; it is easy to fee that the education of the boy and that of the girl cannot, ought not, to be conducted precifely in the fame manner. And fince the duties of the female fex are fo important to fociety, and they form fo confiderable a part of our fpecies; their education, therefore, merits the highest attention.

In infancy, the inftincts, the difpofitions, and the faculties of boys and girls feem to be nearly the fame. They difcover the fame curiofity, and the fame difpofition to activity. For a while they are fond of the fame fports and amufements. But by and by, when we begin to make a diftinction in their drefs; when the girl begins to be more confined to a fedentary life under her mother's eye, while the boys are permitted to ramble about without doors; the diftinction between their characters begins to be formed, and their taste and manners begin to become different. The boy now imitates the arts and the active amufements of his father; digs and plants a little garden, builds a house in

miniature,