Salmo virginalis COPE & YARROW, Wheeler's Expl. W. 100th Mer. 685, 1876. 1872-? Salmo carinatus COPE, Hayden's Geol. Surv. Montana for 1871, p. 471. 1874-Salmo utah SUCKLEY, Monograph Genus Salmo, p. 136, 1874. A single head of this abundant species is in the collection. It is to all appearance entirely typical of what I call var. aurora. The Pike. Family ESOCIDE. 17.-ESOX LUCIUS Linnæus. Common Pike. SYNONYMY FOR EUROPEAN SPECIMENS." Hecht. Brochet. Lucio or Luzzo. Gädda (Sweden). Lucius, BELLON, De Aquat. p. 296.-RONDEL. ii, p. 188.-SALV. pp. 94, 95.-SCHONEV. p. 44.-ALDROV., De Pisc. p. 630.-JONSTON, iii, t. 3, c. 5, t. 29, f. 1.-GESNER, De Pisc. p. 500.—WILLUGH. p. 236, tab. P, 5, f. 2.—Ray, Syn. p. 112.—KLEIN, Miss. Pisc. v, p. 74, tab. 20, f. 1. Esox No. 1, ARTEDI, Synon. p. 26; Gen. p. 10, and spec. 53.-GRONOV., Zoophyl. No. 361. Esox lucius L., Syst. Nat. i, p. 516.--BLосH, Fische Deutschl. i, p. 229, t. 32; Bl. Schu. p. 390.—LACÉPÈDE, v, p. 297.—REISINGER, Prodr. Ichth. Hung, p. 47.—DoNoVAN, Brit. Fishes, v, pl. 109.-FLEM., Brit. An. p. 184.-JURINE, Mém. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Genève, iii, 1825, p. 231, pl. 15.-EKSTRÖM, Fische Mörko, p. 78.-FRIES & EKSTRÖM, Scand. Fisk. p. 49, t. 10.-NILSS., Prodr. p. 36, and Scand. Faun. Fisk. p. 348.-PALL., Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii, p. 336.-PARNELL, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 272.—YARR., Brit. Fishes, 1st ed. 1, p. 383; 2d ed. 1, p. 434; 3d ed. 1, 343.-SÉLYS-LONGCH., Faune Belge, p. 223.--Cuv. & VAL., xviii, p. 279.— KRÖYER, Danm. Fisk. iii, p. 236.—GRONOv., Syst. ed. Gray, p. 146.-GÜNTHER, Fische des Neckars, p. 107.-RAPP, Fische des Bodensees, p. 11.-HECKEL & KNER, Süsswasserfische, p. 287.-SIEBOLD, Süsswasserfische, p. 325.-GÜNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vi, p. 226, and of all authors since Linnæus. SYNONYMY FOR AMERICAN SPECIMENS. 1818-Esox estor LE SUEUR, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. i, 413. Esox estor GÜNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vi, 228, 1867. (Excl. syn. pars. Esox lucius var. estor NELSON, Bull. Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1876. Esox lucius estor JORDAN & COPELAND, Check List Fishes, 143, 1876. 1836-Esox lucius RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Am. iii, Fishes, 124. *Copied from Günther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vi, p. 226, 1867. 1846-Esox reticulatus KIRTLAND, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. v, 233, pl. 10, f. 2. (Not of Le Sueur; first carefully distinguished from the Muskallunge.) 1846-? Esox deprandus (LE SUEUR) CUV. & VAL. xviii, 336. ? Esox deprandus COPE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 79, 1865. ? Esox deprandus COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 408, 1866. ? Esox deprandus GÜNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. vi, 2, 1867. 1850-Esox boreus AGASSIZ, Lake Superior, 317, 1850. Esox lucioides AUCT. The Common Pike is very abundant in all waters of Northern Asia, Northern Europe, and of North America north of about the latitude of the tributaries of Lake Erie, to Quincy, Ill., and northwestward to Alaska. It is one of the very few fresh-water fishes common to the eastern and western continents. I have carefully compared Swedish and American specimens, and I am unable to detect any specific differences whatever. No other strictly fresh-water species is known to be common to Europe and America. I have, however, little doubt of the identity of the American Lota maculosa (Le S.) with the European Lota vulgaris Cuv. In this case, the American species has the prior name.* The number of nominal species of the genus Esox is greatly in excess of the number of definable forms. Those apparently worthy of recog nition may be grouped in three subgeneric sections as follows:I. MASCALONGUS Jordan: Species of the largest size, with the branchiostegals in increased number (17 to 19), and the lower half of the cheeks and of the opercles bare' of scales; coloration dark-spotted on a lighter ground. "Muskallunges.".. nobilior. II. Esox Linnæus: Species of large size, with the branchiostegals 15 or 16 in number; coloration pale-spotted on a darker ground; fins black-spotted. "Pikes." lucius. III. PICORELLUS Rafinesque: Species of medium or small size, with the branchiostegals 12 to 15 in number; coloration reticulated or barred with dark green on a lighter ground or nearly plain. "Pickerels." reticulatus, americanus, raveneli, cypho, salmoneus. Family ETHEOSTOMATIDE Genus ALVORDIUS Girard. 18.-ALVORDIUS MACULATUS Girard. Black-sided Darter. 1841-Etheostoma blennioides KIRTLAND, Boston Journ. Nat. Sci. iii, 348. (Not of Raf.) Etheostoma blennioides STORER, Syn. Fishes N. A. 270, 1846. Etheostoma blennioides AG., Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 305, 1854. Etheostoma blennioides COPE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 233, 1864. Etheostoma blennioides VAILLANT, Recherches sur les Poissons, etc. 70, 1873. * This conclusion has been already independently reached by Dr. T. H. Bean of the Smithsonian Institution. 1859-Alvordius maculatus GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 67. Etheostoma maculatum COPE, Am. Philos. Soc. 449, 1870. Etheostoma maculatum VAILLANT, Recherches sur les Poissons, etc. 54, 1873. Alvordius maculatus JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. iv, 438, 1878. 1877-Alvordius aspro COPE & JORDAN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 51. Alvordius aspro JORDAN, Bull. Nat. Mus. x, 14, 1877. Numerous young specimens with the coloration obliterated, but not apparently different from ordinary Indiana specimens. ART. XXXIV.-CATALOGUE OF PHENOGAMOUS AND VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS COLLECTED DURING THE SUMMERS OF 1873 AND 1874 IN DAKOTA AND MONTANA ALONG THE FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL BY DR. ELLIOTT COUES U. S. A.: WITH WHICH ARE INCORPORATED THOSE COLLECTED IN THE SAME REGION AT THE SAME TIMES BY MR. GEORGE M. DAWSON. BY PROF. J. W. CHICKERING. [The present article is based primarily upon the collection of plants made by me during my connection with the United States Northern Boundary Commission. Those collected in 1873 were secured along the northern border of Dakota, in the valleys of the Red River of the North and of the Souris or Mouse River; and notably at Pembina, Dak. The collecting season of 1874 was along the northern border of Montana, and in the Rocky Mountains, at latitude 49° N. With the species represented in my own collection, Professor Chickering has, at my suggestion, incorporated those procured by my colleague of the British contingent of the Sarvey, as published by Mr. Dawson in his report (8vo, Montreal, 1875, pp. 351-379); thereby presenting a fair idea of the flora of the belt of country surveyed by the Boundary Commission. The species not represented in my collection, but derived from Mr. Dawson's list, are marked with the asterisk (*). For papers on other portions of my collections, see this Bulletin, this Vol., No. 1, pp. 259-292; No. 2, pp. 481-518; No. 3, pp. 545-661; No. 4, pp. 777–799.—ED.] This catalogue comprises 692 species, besides quite a number of varieties, and is of much value and interest, not so much for the number of new species enumerated as for the information supplied respecting the range of many species known to be common farther east, west, or south. A hasty comparison gives about 390 species found in New York or New England, about 80 distinctively Western in their habitat, and about 215 which belong on the plains and the Rocky Mountain region. The Leguminosa and the Composite are, of course, very largely rep resented, and exhibit a number of species peculiar to the region. The fact that but few collections were made previous to June will explain the absence of many spring flowers, which, from the character of the flora of summer, we should expect to find on that parallel. Allium stellatum, Nutt., Anemone Pennsylvanica, L., and Campanula rotundifolia, L., var. linifolia, were noticed as so abundant on the prairie as to give character to the landscape. Yucca angustifolia, Nutt., was collected along the Missouri River, probably reaching here its northern limit. |