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to a muscular man. Both the femurs were perfectly sound"; and then in a foot-note it is added: "The figure when erect must have been of an average Bize; not that of a giant, and certainly not that of a diminutive man, as the sneering remarks of the Countess of Auvergne would lead us to suppose-'1 Hen. VI.,' 11. iii."

The twenty-six pages which Mr. Egerton's paper occupies seem to contain much interesting information, respecting the life, death, and burial of this remarkable general. There is, besides the outline portrait, a sketch of his tomb and another of his skull and jawbone, in the former of which may be seen the fatal fracture which caused his death. BOILEAU.

Ten or twelve years ago the bones of John Talbot were discovered. They were remarkably well developed, and were such as had belonged to a muscular man. Probably a search among the newspapers about that time would give further details. C.

Westminster, S.W.

SEAL OF GRAND INQUISITOR (6th S. xii. 387, 438, 472).—MR. WOODWARD is right in supposing that Roman Catholic prelates arrange their armorial devices according to their individual tastes. A friend informs me that prior to the Reformation diocesan sees had coats armorial assigned to them in England as now, but this was not the case in Scotland. When Episcopacy held its brief sway an attempt was made to imitate the English custom in this respect, hence a few post-Reformation coats to which MR. WOODWARD alludes.

But who is, or was, "Bishop Herbert, of the Roman Catholic See of Plymouth"? Since this see was created by Pius IX., in 1851, there have been two bishops, Dr. Errington and Dr. Vaughan ; and from 1585 to 1850 I can find no Roman Catholic prelate named Herbert in England.

GEORGE ANGUS.

The Presbytery, St. Andrews, N.B.

On the subject of the impalement of arms of sees by bishops, mooted by MR. ANGUS, there are numerous references, s. v. "Bishops, impalement of their Arms," in the General Index, 5th S. of N. & Q. The places named are iv. 327, 352, 378, 391, 437; v. 74. There may be earlier as well as later references, for which I have not looked, as the above list shows the discussion to have been considerable. NOMAD.

SCOCHYNS: SCOCHYN MONEY (6th S. xii. 148, 191). I fear my query on these terms was not clearly expressed. I have referred to Prof. Skeat's 'Etymological Dictionary,' but that only tells me what I knew before-that Scochyn, or scutcheon, means escutcheon. Why should a small parish like St. Dunstan's, with, perhaps, five hundred inhabitants, possess over nine hundred escutcheons,

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which were "all paid for"? And what was cutcheon money," and why was it so called? J. M. CowPer. Canterbury.

THE ACT OF UNION (6th S. xii. 468).—The four royal fortresses which, by the articles of the Union between Scotland and England, are to be kept constantly garrisoned are Edinburgh, Blackness, Stirling, and Dumbarton. Blackness Castle is on the south bank of the Forth, a few miles west of Queensferry. ROBERT TAYLOR, Jun.

I believe the fourth castle named in the Act of Union between England and Scotland to be preserved by the Government is Blackness Castle, on the Firth of Forth, about five miles above Queensferry. It was formerly used as a State prison, and at present is doing duty as a powder magazine. A. W. B.

CRONEBANE HALFPENNY (6th S. xii. 469).With regard to the above token, mentioned by inform him of three varieties (there may, of course, your correspondent R. B., may I be allowed to be more) of this coin? (1) That which he mentions. (2) Similar: the bishop has no crosier. (3) One (with crosier) bearing the inscription "Associated Irish Mine Company." I have never heard of a place called Cronebane, but (3) has round its edge the following, "Payable at Cronebane Lodge or in Dublin," while (2) has "Payable at Birmingham, London, or Bristol." Each token bears the date 1789. Could the name (6 Cronebane" refer to the bishop? I shall be happy to lend the coins to R. B. if they will be of service. H. S. WILTSHIRE.

This is a token issued by a mining company, and was (as it should bear on the rim) "payable at Dublin, Cork, or Belfast." Cronebane is in co. Wicklow, and the head is that of St. Patrick.

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crest, a crank; date on the sides, 1789; Associated part of the historical painting, but was symbolical Irish Mine Company.' E. Payable at Cronebane of his beatification. He thanked me for the explaLodge or in Dublin." There are twenty-six nation, which he acknowledged was new to him. varieties of the Cronebane halfpenny, on one of So also it appears to be to your correspondent. which is a whole-length figure of Bishop Blaize. The title to the crown is concurrent with that to The profiles on the other examples are probably of the prefix of "Saint" to the name. the same bishop. W. D. PARISH. THOMAS KERSLAKE. Selmeston.

[G. F. R. B. says descriptions of this coin are given in James Conder's Arrangement of Provincial Coins' (1798), vol. ii.; and ALPHA supplies a portion of the information anticipated above.]

JURY LIST (6th S. xii. 513).-The list of socalled Puritan names given by DR. BRUSHFIELD has long been consigned to the limbo of hoaxes. It was either invented by Brome, or accepted by him without investigation. Hume quotes it in his 'History of England,' in a note under "Commonwealth," anno 1653. The absurdity of it was pointed out long ago in 'N. & Q'(4th S. vii. 430), by MR. PEACOCK, than whom few are more intimately acquainted with all that relates to the Puritan period of our history. I followed up Mr. PEACOCK'S reply (4th S. viii. 72), and other replies appeared, proving that during the time of Charles I. and the Commonwealth Puritans bore the ordinary names of Englishmen (4th S. vii. 430, 526; viii. 72, 134, 381, 467; ix. 287; xi. 533). Of course it would have been illegal for a man to change his baptismal name. No doubt Scriptural terms were sometimes given as Christian names during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., and these would appear among adults during the succeeding reigns; but eighteen consecutive names of that kind, such as Hume quotes, could never have been found grouped together in the same jury list.

J. DIXON.

The amusing jury list reprinted by DR. BRUSHFIELD cannot possibly be anything more than a satire. Those who are acquainted with the manners of the Puritans know that absurd names like those which occur therein were at all times very uncommon. EDWARD PEACOCK.

ARMS OF HALIFAX (6th S. xii. 426, 526).Your correspondent F.S.A.Scot. says, 66 A representation of Our Lord might be crowned, the other [i.e., St. John Baptist] certainly not."

A most distinguished art critic was once kindly showing me some of the leaves of a much-treasured illuminated Bible, and directing my attention to the manner in which the face had been treated of one of the figures limned upon the margin. It was of a man, seated and crowned, with two dogs at his feet. We were not observing the text, as it was a passing glance, but I suggested that it was a figure of Lazarus. "No," he replied; "it is of a king; he is crowned." To this I remarked that the figure was in proper tinctures, whilst the crown was in burnished gold. The crown did not form a

Bristol.

The borough of Halifax has no arms, and the device adopted by the Corporation for their seal is modern, having been designed by a gentleman now living (to whose ingenuity the Dewsbury Corporation are indebted for their seal). No argument, therefore, can be based upon the authority of the seal. G. W. TOMLINSON. Huddersfield.

BARTOLOZZI: VESTRIS: MATHEWS (6th S. xii. 495). The celebrated actress Madame Vestris was the granddaughter of the eminent engraver Francesco Bartolozzi and the daughter of his eldest son, Gaetano Stefano Bartolozzi, by his wife Miss Jansen, daughter of a dancing master at Aix-la-Chapelle. The mistakes in contemporary memoirs probably arose from the fact of the son having also taken to engraving for a short time; and his father, in order to encourage him, allowed him to publish under his name many of his own works.

Gaetano Bartolozzi had one other child, Josephine, who married Mr. Anderson, a singer. See

Mr. Tuer's 'Bartolozzi.'

With regard to the date of F. Bartolozzi's birth, there can be, as Mr. Tuer says, no doubt that it added his age when he signed his engravings; on was 1727, as the engraver in many instances a ticket is engraved, "F. Bartolozzi inv. & sculpt. 1797, ætatis suæ 69"; on a portrait of Pope Pius VII., engraved in 1809, his age appears as eighty-two; and on that of Lord Wellington, engraved in 1810, as eighty-three; the latest example seen by Mr. Tuer being "engraved by F. Bartolozzi when 87 years of age, in Lisbon, in 1814." See Tuer. CONSTANCE RUSSELL.

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1795, Miss T. Jansen, the daughter of a dancing master of Aix-la-Chapelle. Of the two children (daughters) from this marriage, the elder, Lucy Elizabeth, born in January, 1797, became the wife of Armand Vestris in 1813. On the decease of her husband, Madame Vestris married, in 1838, the celebrated comedian Charles Mathews the younger. She died at Gore Lodge (Holcrofts), Fulham, in 1856. H. C. MILLARD.

Madame Vestris was the daughter of Gaetano Stefano Bartolozzi, the son of Francesco Bartolozzi. See Dictionary of National Biography,' vol. iii. G. F. R. B. Madame Vestris was the granddaughter of Bartolozzi, the celebrated engraver. GEORGE ELLIS.

[A reply from MR. JULIAN SHARMAN received too late for insertion,]

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

La Française du Siècle: Modes, Maurs, Usages. Par Octave Uzanne. (Paris, Quantin.)

WITH this wonderfully sumptuous volume M. Octave Uzanne completes the series of richly illustrated studies he has written on the physiology and frippery of the female sex. Though works of erudition as well as of fancy, the four volumes respectively headed L'Éventail,' L'Ombrelle, le Gant, le Manchon,' 'Son Altesse la Femme,' and La Française du Siècle' are in conception and in execution as un-English as they can well be. The blending with archæology of the imaginative and the sensuous in art is essentially Parisian, and is carried in these productions to the highest point. No more brilliant series of illustrated works has seen the light. With the first three volumes, all of which, though recently published, are already classed as rarities, the art and literature loving public is probably familiar. In the fourth volume, which is on the same lines as the third, advantage has been taken of the experience obtained; and the designs in colour and the illustrations, especially the coloured vignettes at the head of each chapter, are the most delicate in workmanship and the most successful in result that have yet been obtained. In treating of female caprice M. Uzanne brings to light much eminently curious matter. Very striking are the excesses committed by the pleasure-loving Parisians after the removal of the horrible yoke of the Terror." Among the fashionable balls described is a bal des victimes, held at the Hôtel Richelieu. On entering each visitor bent his neck in salutation, in the manner in which in the hands

of the executioner the man about to be beheaded had to bend it to its place in the fatal groove. The hair was shaven close at the back, as though to make preparation for the knife. To complete the costume the daughters of those who had been guillotined wore a red "schall (chale), similar to those which the executioner had thrown over the shoulders of Charlotte Corday and "les dames Sainte-Amarante before they mounted to the scaffold. Those whom these and other painful and hideous proceedings repel will do well to recall that the extravagances of English loyalty after the Restoration were nowise more seemly. The literary execution of the volume is worthy of M. Uzanne's graceful and polished pen, while in all bibliographical respects the volume is the most beautiful yet published by the spirited and enterprising house to which it is due.

Supplementary Annals of the Church and Parish of Almondbury. By Charles Augustus Hulbert. (Longmans & Co.)

THE notice we gave of Mr. Hulbert's Annals in our issue of June 30th, 1883, would, if reprinted verbatim, answer almost exactly as a criticism of the supplementary volume before us. The representation of the old hall at Longley is one of the rudest things of the kind we remember to have seen. The engravings which used to adorn the broadsides issued in the neighbourhood of the Seven Dials are interesting works of art compared with this rude sketch. The book is, however, useful, as sketches of persons whose names have not found a place it preserves in a permanent form some biographical in popular books of reference. The account of Prof. Cocker, of Ann Harbour, in the State of Michigan, who We trust that if ever Mr. Hulbert should be called upon was born at Almondbury in 1821, is worthy of notice. to revise his labours, he will modify the statement he has made with regard to the Puritans in his memoir of Cornet Blackburn. We can assure him that at no period during the great Civil War which desolated our country in the seventeenth century was there ever a determination on the part of the Puritan leaders" to put to death every Royalist officer whom they took prisoner." We have no doubt Mr. Hulbert can find some partisan authority for the statement; but we are none the less sure that it is absolutely untrue.

A Dictionary of Music and Musicians. A.D. 1450-1885. Edited by Sir George Grove, D.C.L. Part XXI. (Macmillan & Co.)

THIS excellent work approaches completion. Part xxi. carries the alphabet from "Verse" to" Water-music," a short distance it might be thought were it not borne in mind that the letters V and W are more important, probably, in music than in any science or art. In the present instalment there are included, for example, "Violin and "Violin Playing," which, in the excellent articles of Mr. E. J. Payne and Herr Paul David, occupy thirtytwo pages, and " Wagner," whose life by Mr. Dannreuther is scarcely inferior. Viola, violoncello, voice, Vogler Volkslied, and virginal are a few only of the remaining subjects. Contrary to the wont of similar publications, the work expands as it progresses. Vol. i. thus includes A to "Impromptu," and vol. iv. will only embrace from "Summer" to the end of the alphabet.

·

THE second volume of Book-Lore is likely to commend Book-Lore. Vol. II. (Stock.) it further to bibliographers and antiquaries. It contains a variety of interesting and valuable contents. Conspicuous among these are the papers on Sham Almanacks and Prognostications,' by the late Cornelius Walford, of which many successive instalments are given; ShakeFirst Teetotal Tract, by W. E. A. A.; and contribuspearean Rarities,' by Mr. J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps; The tions concerning libraries by Mr. W. Roberts and Mr. Carl A. Thimm.

The East Anglian. Part XII.

(Ipswich, Pawsey &

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THE latest number of the East Anglian, which, under Hayes; London, Redway.) the management of the Rev. C. H. Evelyn White, F.R.S., occupies a deservedly prominent place among local Notes and Queries, has an excellent article on the Boy Bishop in East Anglia, and some highly interesting extracts from the earliest book of churchwardens' accounts, &c., St. Stephen's, Ipswich.

In an excellent number of the Nineteenth Century, Mr. Swinburne's powerfully written, keen, and judicious essay on Middleton first arrests attention. Mr. Lang's

characteristic paper on Myths and Mythologists' is another assault in his brilliantly conducted war on Prof. Max Müller. Dr. Augustus Jessopp writes thoughtfully on 'The Little Ones and the Land,' and Mr. Frederic Harrison wisely on A Pedantic Nuisance,' otherwise an affected method of spelling proper names. In Temple Bar is a brilliant review of The Greville Memoirs, in which an experienced hand turns the memoirs inside out, shows all that is best in them, and supplies illustrations indicating a wide range of curious political and social knowledge.-' Charles Lamb in Hertfordshire,' by the Rev. A. Ainger, which appears in the January number of the English Illustrated Magazine, is unusually readable, and is ably and profusely illustrated. Like praise may be accorded Mr. H. D. Traill's A Month in Sicily,' of which the first part only appears. A good engraving of Sir John Millais's picture of Sir Henry Thompson also appears in the number.-To the Gentleman's Mr. Percy Fitzgerald contributes an account of Sheridan and his wives, and Mr. H. Schütz Wilson an interesting study of Goethe as an actor. Mrs. E. Lynn Linton has also A Protest and a Plea.'-In Longman's Mr. Lang commences some pages of gossip on new books and things, to be continued under the title of At the Sign of the Ship'; Mr. Charles Hervey describes the actors in the Reign of Terror. The Cornhill contains two or three eminently readable papers. One is A Novelist's Favourite Theme,' which casts a clear light of illustration upon the method of workmanship of Scott and Dickens; a second, Samanala and its Shadow,' a curious record of travel; and the third, In the Rekka Höhle,' a description of adventure which we fancy and hope is imaginary.-Mr. George Saintsbury contributes to Macmillan's an excellent paper on George Borrow, Mr. Mowbray writes on The Eumenides" at Cambridge,' and Cavendish defends the American Leads at Whist.'-Dr. Brinsley Nicholson concludes in Walford's Antiquarian his papers on How our Elizabethan Dramatists have been Edited,' and lays the whip hard across shoulders already well used to castigation; Mr. Solly writes on Francis Hoffmann, 1711'; Mr. Greenstreet on The Ordinary from Mr. Thomas Jenyns's "Booke of Armes "'; Mrs. Boger continues her King Ina in Somerset'; and the Editor Our Old Country Towns.'-Red Dragon remains of interest to others besides Welshmen, and The Oscotian' gives interesting information on the family of Ferrers.-The articles in the Fortnightly, which reaches us at the moment of going to press, are chiefly political. Mr. Courtney's excellent paper on 'Mr. Irving's "Faust"' is an exception.

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MR. WALTER HAMILTON begins a new volume of Parodies-the third-with parodies of Oliver Goldsmith and Thomas Campbell, notably The Deserted Village,' The Vicar of Wakefield,' Lord Ullin's Daughter,' 6 Hohenlinden,' and 'The Soldier's Dream.'

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THE last livraison of Le Livre did not reach us till close upon the New Year. It was largely occupied with gift-books of the season, but has a curious pedigree of La Dame aux Camélias, otherwise Alphonsine Plessis, and Le Journaliste Lebois et l'Ami du Peuple,' which furnishes some striking revelations of life in revolutionary times.

WE are desired by URBAN to convey his thanks to MR. J. W. M. GIBBS and MR. J. SHARMAN for useful information supplied him with regard to the brothers Brough. WITH the New Year Mr. Walford promises to add to the attractions of his Antiquarian a series of biographical essays on our leading old English antiquaries. The series will commence with Elias Ashmole,

and will embrace Dugdale, Speed, Strype, Nichols, Sir Egerton Brydges, &c.

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THE Rev. Canon Charles Page Eden, Vicar of Aberford, near Leeds, a valued but occasional correspondent of N. & Q.,' died on the 14th of the past month. The Oxford Herald of December 26 has a friendly obituary notice of some length, to which we beg to refer

our readers.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate.'

A. C. B., Glasgow ("Munchausen ").-The authorship of The Singular Travels, Campaigns, Voyages, and Adventures of Munchausen,' written as a satire on the Fifty memoirs of Baron de Tott, is unknown. In ' Years' Recollections of an old Bookseller,' by West, it is attributed to Mr. St. John, of Oxford; by Sir Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology,' 1850, p. 44, to Rudolph Eric Raspe, the editor of Leibnitz. The edition cited by Lowndes, the third, was published in London, 1786. The English translation of De Tott's memoirs was issued in 1785. The first edition of Munchausen, the date of which our correspondent seeks, appears to have been Oxford, 1786. Consult N. & Q.,' 1" S. passim, and Gent. Mag. for January, 1837, p. 2.

J. M.-("Short Account of the Life of Jules Simon.") A book exactly such as you want was published by M. A. Quantin in 1883, as a number of the series known as "Célébrités Contemporaines," price, with portrait and facsimile of letter, seventy-five centimes. It can be got through any foreign bookseller.-("Chouan.") This was a name given to the bands who, in the west of France, fought against the Revolution. The name is supposed to be a contraction of chat-huant, pronounced cha-u-an, a species of owl, the cry of which the insurgents imitated in signalling to each other.-(" Blancs et Bleus.") The first name was given in France to the partisans of the ancient monarchy of the Bourbons, whose emblem was the drapeau blanc; the second to the Republican soldiers, whose uniform was blue. DEVONIENSIS.

I see a hand thou canst not see,

That beckons me away,

is from Colin and Lucy,' by Tickell. "He heard but listened not, he saw but heeded not. His eyes," &c., is a misquotation of the famous verse on the gladiator in Byron's Childe Harold.'

·

M. D. ("Lillibullero ").-The words of this song have already appeared in N. & Q.,' 2nd S. i. 89. They are to be found in Percy's' Reliques.'

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LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1886.

CONTENTS.-N° 2.

NOTES:-History of the Thames, 21-Shakspeariana, 22J. Horrox, 24-Pronunciation of Wind- Dictionary of National Biography'-Devil's Causeway, 25-Reading Cover, 26.

QUERIES:-Mazers-Commonplace Book, 26-Penny Family Old St. Pancras Churchyard - Conquer - Horner, 27 — Ashton Werden-Heraldic-General Armstrong — - Dumb

Barge-Bamboo-Devil-names-Author of Verses-Admiral Sir C. Knowles-T. Pringle, 28-Ludgate-Minor Works of Scott-Sir F. Gorges-Churchwardens-Illustrations to 'Don Quixote'-Surname of Bunch-"Preces Pauline "-Woldiche -Rotherham Church-Garter Brasses-Mugwump-New

port, 29-Authors Wanted, 30.

REPLIES:-Bed-staff, 30-Rev. E. Neale, 31-Smoking in

Church, 32-Basilisk-Catalogue of Almanacs-Nuts at Feasts Bones-Esquire, 34-O'Donovan's 'Merv'-Wedding Custom-Medicean Escutcheon, 35- Memoirs of Grimaldi'

-Bartolozzi-Dout-Mislested, 33-Pope's 'Iliad '-Napier's

Simulation in Art-Scottish Fast Days-Bloody Hand, 36— Jane Clermont-Baxter's Connexions-Colchester Castle

Christmas as a Surname-Sedan Chairs-Pyewipe-"Sepelivit

nuptam," 37-" He knows how many beans "-"Lothair'— Trinity Monday-Godchildren of Queen Elizabeth-Molinos -Dumps, 38.

NOTES ON BOOKS:-'The New English Dictionary'.
'Dictionary of National Biography-Crane's 'Italian
Popular Tales '-Sieveking's Praise of Gardens.'
Notices to Correspondents, &c.

Notes.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO A HISTORY OF THE THAMES.

CHAPTER II.

The real antiquity of the chipped flint weapon found opposite Black Mary's was not so much as surmised-indeed, could not have been surmised -in the days of its discovery. Mr. Bagford, as we have seen, dismisses with contempt the notion of its being as old as the days before the Flood, and suggests what he doubtless considered a far more plausible theory-that it was the identical weapon with which a large-hearted Londoner of the period attacked and slew an elephant imported, regardless of expense, by the Emperor Claudius. To do Mr. Bagford justice, however, he did not evolve that elephant out of the depths of his own moral consciousness. He found him ready sheathed in scale armour and with a howdah on his back in the pages of Polyænus, and caught a further fleeting glimpse of him in the narrative of Dion Cassius. I do not believe even that Polyænus, imaginative Macedonian as he was, really invented the animal. He only inferred it. "In a brick-field near London," writes Mr. Tylor in 1871, "there had been found a number of fossil elephant bones, and soon afterwards a story was in circulation in the neighbourhood somewhat in this shape: 'A few years ago one of Wombwell's caravans was here; an elephant died

and they buried him in the field, and now the scientific gentlemen have found his bones and think they have got hold of a pre-Adamite elephant."" At Oxford also the late Mr. Frank Buckland "found the story of the Wombwell's caravan and the dead elephant current to explain a similar find of fossil bones. Such explanations of the finding of fossils are easily devised, and used to be freely made, as when fossil bones found in the Alps were set down to Hannibal's elephants."* In exactly the same way, I fancy, it was some story of big bones found near the Thames which formed the nucleus of Polyænus's myth, and it was certainly the finding of such bones which inspired Mr. Bagford's conjecture.

With this elephantine flight of fancy ends the first chapter in the history of the find opposite Black Mary's. Palæolithic discovery went to sleep for a hundred years,

To wake on knowledge grown to more, though even then only able very partially and inadequately to interpret the phenomena set before it. On June 22, 1797, a letter was read before the Society of Antiquaries from Mr. John Frere, F.R.S., F.S.A., giving an account of a number of flint implements then lately found in a brick-pit at Hoxne, in Suffolk. So far as he or any other then living antiquary was aware, they were the first of the kind ever brought to light, and he regarded them as evidently weapons of war, fabricated and used by a people who had not the use of metals." What struck Mr. Frere most strongly, however, was that they were found twelve feet deep in a bank of undisturbed and stratified soil abruptly abutting on a tract of lower ground.

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The things, he knew, were neither rich nor rare: He wondered how the devil they got there. And well he might. The pit, so far as subsequent diggings allow its exact situation to be determined, lay just a mile due south of the Red Bridge over the Gold-brook, a tributary of the Waveney, a bridge with a history. If the tale be true which is said to have been told by St. Dunstan, who is said to have heard it from the king's own swordbearer, St. Edmund, king of both Norfolk and Suffolk, suffered the same martyrdom_as St. Sebastian at the hands of a son of Ragnar Lodbrok and his Danish archers. If local tradition, moreover, is to be trusted, the Red Bridge received its name as being the spot where this tragedy was enacted in or about A.D. 870. Now obviously a mythic element enters largely into the details given with regard to the martyrdom of his majesty of East Anglia by Yngvar, son of Ragnar Hairybreeks; but equally obvious is the fact that during

Tylor, Primitive Culture,' i. 334. A later example be found in a leading article in the Daily Telegraph of of the ease with which such explanations are made is to Nov. 21, 1885.

† Archæologia, xiii, 204.

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