1 Oxford declined the 'Pure Simonides.' And now that other learned pundits are grieving over their losses and their credulity, the Oxonians have some right to be proud of their scholarship and sagacity." On referring to Annals of the Bodleian Library,' by the Rev. W. D. Macray, p. 181, Rivington, 1868, I see that the number of the Athenæum was that for March 1, 1856. ED. MARSHALL. LYTE FAMILY.-The Lytes were anciently connected with the De Mohuns, whose arms are to be seen on the chapel walls of Lytes-Carey Manor, in Somersetshire, impaled. The De Mohuns, alias De Gouvis or Gouiis, from Gouvis, in Normandy, were lords of Mouen, Moyon, Moyen, whence the derivation of the surname of De Mohun. In Essais Historiques sur la Ville de Caen,' par L'Abbé de la Rue, Robert de Gouiis, or Gouvis, Knt., was Seigneur de Mouen. He was a benefactor to the Priory of our Lady of Beaulieu in 1226. Robert de Gouvis, lord of Gouvis, and lord of Mouen, held the lands of Wimundham, in England. He was Governor of Caen in 1204. The Priory of Léon, or Lion, belonged to the family of Moyon, or Mohon. William de Mouen accompanied Duke William at the Conquest, and was created Lord of Dunster. He founded the Priory of Bath, in Somersetshire. His son, William de Mouen, Count of Somerset, founded the Priory of Bruton, in the diocese of Bath. The Priory of Saint Leger (Anglicized St. Light) was founded in the twelfth century in favour of St. Sauveur Lerset, in the Colentin. Raoul de Martragny, Robert le Spencer, Hugh de Gournay, or Cornait, were amongst some of the principal benefactors towards it. T. W. CARBY. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct, 'GIORNALE DEGLI ERUDITI E DEI CURIOSI.' -This publication, started at Padova in 1882, on the lines of N. & Q.,' or rather of its offspring L'Intermédiaire, came to an abrupt and untimely end during the year 1885, but at what precise date I am desirous of ascertaining. The last number which I possess is that of "1 Aprile, 1885, Anno III., vol. v., No. 74." Is it the last published? Further, I have lost one number of my set, viz., Anno II., vol. iv., No. 63, October 15, 1884, which, in spite of more than one letter addressed to the editor directly, and application to several booksellers, I have been unable to procure. I trust that some one of your correspondents, bookseller or other, will kindly assist me in completing my set of this useful literary journal. H. S. ASHBEE. 53, Bedford Square. CHILDREN'S CRUSADE.-Will any of your readers kindly inform me where I can read an exhaustive account of the children's crusade, in the twelfth or thirteenth century? I have not been able to find the fact. any one who could enlighten my ignorance beyond EDWARD A. D'ARGENT. MUSICAL QUERY.-Many years ago I saw a curious little piece of music which I am now anxious to find. My impression is that the music in question, consisting of two staves only (which, I fancy, could be read either forward or backward or upside-down), appeared in a life of Mozart (3), and was said to have been written by him. If I can obtain any help through 'N. & Q.' and its readers I shall feel very much obliged indeed. ARQUES. ARMS OF SCOTTISH TRADE INCORPORATIONS. Have the trade incorporations of any Scottish burghs, other than Edinburgh and Glasgow, received formal grants of arms from the Lyon Office? If so, where are descriptions of these to be found? A. HARKNESS. MATTEO PALMERI: BUNYAN. - Mrs. H. L. Piozzi, the friend of Dr. Johnson, in a gossiping letter, dated from Brynbella, near Denbigh, North Wales, October 8, 1799, apparently to Joseph Cooper Walker, of Dublin, author of Historical Memoirs of the Irish Bards,' &c., states:-"I was shown in the Ambrosian Library at Milan a mighty curious manuscript by Matteo Palmeri-a sort of 'Pilgrim's Progress' in terza rima it appeared to me, but I suppose old Bunyan never heard of it." Further information as to the date, title, and contents of this MS. will be acceptable. W. I. R. V. SIR JOHN TREVOR, KNT.-He was knighted at the Tower May 13, 1603, and in Metcalfe's 'Book of Knights' is described as "of Flint." Who was he? He was doubtless the "John Trevor, Gent.," who was M.P. for Reigate in 1592-3, the "John Trevor, Esq.," M.P. for Bletchingley 1597-8, and Reigate in 1601, and the "Sir John Trevor, Knt.," who sat for Bletchingly in 1604-11, Bodmin in 1620-1, and East Looe in 1625. That he was closely connected with the Denbighshire Trevors is obvious; but clearly he was not Sir John Trevor of Trevallyn (father of Charles II.'s Secretary of State of the name), whose knighthood dates only from June, 1618, and who, moreover, in the Parliament of 1625, in which he represented Flint, is expressly described as "Sir John Trevor, Jun., Knt.," to distinguish him from his namesake, who sat in the same Parliament for East Looe. Was there a Sir John Trevor at this date in the Brynkynallt line of the family? W. D. PINK. ST. HELEN.-Can any one throw light on the origin of dedications to St. Helen? They seem suggestive of some special meaning. I think I have seen it stated that she was a favourite saint with Offa of Mercia; but I do not know the authority for this. J. H. ROUND. GUNTER.-The mathematician Edmund Gunter first ascertained the variation of the compass. He verified at least the experiments that Borough had made at Limehouse. In Rees's 'Cyclopædia' they say at Deptford. I think it must have been Limehouse, because he says so in his own work On the Cross Staff.' After some inquiry he found the place where Borough had made his observations. Is the house where Borough lived now known? C. A. WARD. Haverstock Hill. CAPT. ALEXANDER FRASER, R.N. In the Naval Chronicle for 1814, vol. xxxi. p. 89, may be found a biographical sketch of this officer, who in his youth served on the American coast during the revolutionary war. He was concerned in the burning of Falmouth, 1775; and it appears from the sketch cited that he kept a journal of his movements while serving in the American waters. The writer desires to ascertain whether this journal is still in existence, as it promises to shed considerable light on the Falmouth episode in which he took part. A note, undated, is appended to the sketch, signed by Keith Stewart, transmitting this journal to "John Syme, Esq., Edinburgh," thanking him for its use. CHAS. EDWARD BANKS. Marine Hospital, Chelsea, Mass., U.S. LONDON AND PARIS.-It was stated, I believe by James I., in 1615, that "our citie of London is become the greatest or next the greatest citie of the Christian world." Now if London was the second city in Christendom, which was the largest? Was it not Paris? It seems to me that for the last three centuries London and Paris have been (as they are now) the two largest cities in Christendom. If not, which city exceeded either of them? Was it Rome or Vienna ? A record of the comparative sizes of the chief European capitals during the past three centuries would be very interesting. Has it yet been compiled; and, if so, in what work? W. S. LACH-SZYRMA. ADRIAN VANDYKE.-The parish register of St. Thomas-at-Cliffe (now forming part of the borough of Lewes), Sussex, as quoted by Sir Wm. Burrell (Add. MS. 5697, pp. 354 and 357, Brit. Mus.), records the burial on July 26, 1617, of Winifred, wife of Adrian Vandyke. On Dec. 17, 1619, there is the marriage of Adryan Vandyke and Mary Parson, and on Oct. 23, 1626, the burial of Ann, wife of Adrian Vandyke, whilst on July 8, 1627, is another marriage of Adryan Vandyke and Anne Dorridge. Was this "much married" Vandyke any connexion of the great painter? The latter came to England about 1632. Brighton. FREDERICK E. SAWYER, F.S. A. MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES, SIXTH EARL DE LA WARR: IN MEMORIAM.-I shall be glad to know the author's name of a little book which I purchased at the late Col. D'Arcy's sale, in Penzance. My copy has no title-page, or rather it has one with simply the two words "In Memoriam" on it, and has, moreover, written in a very neat hand, "To my dear Wife, with Her Husband the Author's love. Xmas, 1877. St. P. C." After this come the two words above quoted, and then, in the same hand, follows: "Of Major-General Charles Richard, 21st Baron and Sixth Earl de Lawarr, K.C.B." The book is printed by "A. Schulze, 13, Poland Street," London, and is an 8vo. of 53 pp. SIX 'DESIGNS BY MR. R. BENTLEY FOR POEMS BY MR. T. GRAY.'-This book was first published in 1753. How many editions of it were subsequently issued; and, apart from the difference of date on the title-page, what are the criteria, if any, by which the various editions may be disW. F. P. criminated? SIR THOMAS MORE'S DAUGHTER, ELIZABETH DANCE.-Did Sir Thomas More's daughter, Elizabeth Dance, leave any descendants? The indenture between Sir Thomas More and Sir John Dance (who was Knight of the Body, Privy Councillor, &c, to Henry VIII.) is dated 17 Henry VIII. Sir Thomas More makes certain arrangements that his daughter Elizabeth should marry William, Sir John Dance's son. Elizabeth More is called heirs" of Sir in it one of the daughters and Thomas; this could not be so, as he had a son. HARRINGTON: DUCAREL: MATTHEW OF GOWER: GRANT.-1. Can any American reader favour me with a few biographical particulars regarding Mr. H. F. Harrington, who about 1838 was editor of the Ladies' Companion, a New York magazine? He was for some time editor of a Boston newspaper, and was author of several dramas. In 1875 he was resident at New Bedford, Massachusetts, where, I think, he was inspector of schools. Is he still living? There seems to be no mention of him in F. S. Drake's 'Dictionary of American Biography,' 1872. 2. P. J. Ducarel.-This gentleman, who was an Etonian, published a volume of poems in 1807; also a translation of the Psalms in blank verse, 1833; and 'De Wyrhale: a Tale of Dean Forest,' a poem in five cantos, London, 1836, 8vo. He was living in 1847. What is the date of his death? 3. Who is the author of 'Wanderings of Aletes, and other Poems,' by "Matthew of Gower," published by Williams & Norgate, London, 1870? 4. Can any of your North of England readers inform me whether Mr. James Gregor Grant, author of Madonna Pia, and other Poems,' 2 vols., 1848, is still living? He was author of 'Rufus; or, the Red King,' a novel, 1838, published anonymously, He was a poetical contributor to the Theatrical Inquisitor in 1817, when only seventeen years of age, and wrote several dramas; one of them, 'Harold the Dauntless,' was performed at Sunderland in or about May, 1840. I think that Mr. Grant about twenty years ago resided either at Shields or Sunderland. R. INGLIS. LOUDON'S ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM.' "There is not a naturalist in Europe who could have executed the task with anything like the talent, judgment, and accuracy that is here displayed by Mr. Loudon" (Sir W. J. Hooker). Will any of your correspondents do me the favour to give me the reference to the foregoing extract from the works of Sir W. J. Hooker? H. W. COOKES. R. HOLME'S PEDIGREES.-Can any correspondent who is well up in Randle Holme's pedigrees explain the reference "Welsh b. 56. d," appended to the name of Madoc, at the head of a pedigree of the Maddock and Griffith families, at fo. 22 of Harl. MS. 2146, which would seem to refer to some book of Welsh pedigrees? I should be most grateful to any one who could give me the clue. At fo. 94 of the same MS. another reference is given, viz., "Sh: b. 44. A," which I should also much like to have explained. It is appended to the name of " Jo: Kinaston of (?) Paul's Bersley," and presumably refers to a book of Shropshire pedigrees. Is anything known of the family of Kinaston of Paul's Bersley; and is there any place in Shropshire of that name? JOHN HAMERTON CRUMP. Malvern Wells, Worcestershire. SLARING.In the accounts written by the Rev. Samuel Wesley (the father of John Wesley) and his friend the Rev. Mr. Hoole, of the unaccountable noises heard in the house of the former at Epworth, in Lincolnshire, in January, 1816, both describe some of the noises as like some one slaring with his feet.' I cannot find the word slaring in any dictionary. Is it a Lincolnshire provincialism? A. [Is it not a local variety of slurring?] SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS.-Is it a fact that Sir Joshua disposed of a portion of his collection of pictures before 1789; and, if so, is there a catalogue of the sale extant? I want to verify such sale of two Hondekoeters. S.R., F.R.S. FRANKLIN'S GRACE OVER THE WHOLE PORK BARREL.-There is a New England tradition that when Dr. Franklin was a boy, the long-winded blessings asked by his father at table seemed to him tedious as well as long. In order to avoid wasting time, and yet secure the Divine benediction, he begged his father, at the time pork was salting down for the winter's use, to say grace over the whole supply once for all. Can this story be found in any part of the sage's works; or how far back can it be traced? JAMES D. BUTLER. elderly gentleman of the old school." I am established." It needs very little acquaintance interested to know who the editor was. The book with old Northumbrian phonology to contradict contains notes of pictures by Reynolds, Hogarth, this. One of its most pronounced characteristics Gainsborough, Wilson, Rubens, Rembrandt, is the absence of the brechung of a to ea before Vandyke, and other masters of the British and foreign schools. T. CANN HUGHES, B.A. Chester. Replies. STREANAESHALCH. (7th S. i. 150, 214, 255, 375, 413.) 7. Add to this the equally well-known fact that final h is represented in Northumbrian by ch and the "equation" is instantly proved, irrespectively of the fact that two MSS. of the 'Chronicle' recognized the W.-S. healh in Bede's halch. The 66 equation" of the two forms is so absolutely certain that it is almost superfluous to point out for S. E.'s guidance the parallels of O. Northumb. walch W.-S. wealh, O. Northumb. alch W.-S. ealh. The ch sound was so strong in Northumbrian as to generate a swarabhakti vowel, e. g., the names in Aluch in the Liber Vita Dunelmensis.' Jamieson defines haugh as "low-lying flat ground, properly on the border of a river, and such as is sometimes overflowed." This certainly does not agree with the situation of Whitby. Then there is nothing in common between the situation of Whitby and Strensall (Strenshale in Domesday, 3036) near York. This is a serious objection to any etymology that treats the halch or hale as descriptive of geographical character. W. H. STEVENSON. After all the learned labour which has been devoted to the etymology of this name, there does not appear any great difficulty about it except what has been self-created. If S. E. will refer to my first communication on this subject, he will see that he misrepresents what I said. I did not treat Stréones as the gen. of Stréon-a, but as the gen. of the name Stréon. S. E. makes the common mistake of attempting to make the old Northumbrian phono. logy and inflections agree with the late WestSaxon, which necessity has obliged us to adopt as the typical "Anglo-Saxon." It is quite true that the W.-S. gen. of Stréon-a would be Stréon-an, but it is not equally true that the Northumbrian 80 formed its genitive. It is a well-established fact that Northumbrian dropped the n of the oblique cases of weak nouns, thus agreeing with old Norse. The Lindisfarne Gospels frequently decline weak nouns with a genitive in -s, -es; so that in Northumbrian a gen. Stréon-es to the nom. Stréon-a is not altogether impossible. That the n of the oblique cases of weak nouns was occasionally lost as early We first meet with the name in Bede's 'Hisas Bede is proved by the name Tunna-caestir toria Ecclesiastica,' lib. iii. ch. xxiv., where we read ('H. E.,' iv. xxii), which he tells us was so called that in the year 655 St. Hilda, then the abbess of from Tunna. I am not at all sure that the name Heort-ea or Hart Island, purchased ten hides of Rendlaes-ham (H. E.,' iii. xxii) does not prove land at a place called Streoneshalh and there built that even then weak nouns occasionally received a monastery. In chap. xxv. we further read that, the strong ending. This Rendlaes is clearly the disputes having arisen respecting several ecclesigen. of the name Rend-la, that is Rand+petastical matters, a synod was held "in monasterio quod suffix ila. In the Teutonic dialects this suffix in dicitur Streanaeshalch, quod interpretatur Sinus personal names passed over into the weak declen-fari." Here lies all the difficulty. Is the last clause, sion. I am aware that Anglo-Saxon masculine nouns compounded with this suffix were strong, but in these cases the final a was lost. In some instances of personal names the final a also disappeared, but it is probable that it existed in its full form in Bede's day. Cf. the Blaedla (Bleed+ila), and Lefilla (Léof+ila?) of the Liber Vite Dunelmensis,' the Mag-la and Es-la (O's+ila) of 'Chron.' A. But as we have not sufficient evidence to solve the question of the declension of weak nouns in Bede's day, I think it is safest to adopt the form Stréon, which is undoubtedly strong. It makes very little difference to the etymology whether we adopt Stréon or Stréon-a, for they stand in about the same relationship to one another as our Will and Willy. I am very much astonished at S. E.'s assertion "that the equation [of old Northumb. halch and W.-S. healh] has not been satisfactorily "quod interpretatur Sinus fari," the original text, or is it an inserted gloss? Unfortunately King Alfred's A.-S. translation of Bede does not help us, as the passage is there wanting, chaps. xxv. and xxvi. having been condensed and run together. By no process of reasoning or adaptation can Sinus fari be tortured into a description of Whitby Abbey, which, of course, is the Streoneshalh of Hilda. The radical meaning of sinus is retirement, concealment, protection, and when usedvery rarely-for a tongue of land, it is only as a metonymy for the protected harbour. The abbey of Hilda occupies a prominent position on the summit of a lofty promontory, the sinus being far away below. The probability is that some Latin monk, in transcribing or editing the 'Ecclesiastical History,' has tried his hand at etymology, entirely ignorant, like many of his modern successors, of what he was writing about. The next interpretation is that of supposing Streon to be a proper name and Streones the genitive case. This would be plausible enough if it could be shown that such a man as Streon ever lived. In the absence of such evidence the idea is a mere random guess. There are, however, two place-names which give some countenance to the proposition, Strensall in Yorkshire and Strensham in Worcestershire, which may go for what they are worth. But why should we be restricted to a proper name ? There is a common A.-S. substantive streon, signifying power, strength, cognate with the adjective strong. Streones - halh, the place or abode of strength, is a perfect description of the commanding situation in question. It must be remembered that the name was not conferred by the abbess, but existed when she bought the site, before the Danes had called the town below Whitby and had filled the neighbourhood with their bys, Ellerby, Barnby, Aislaby, Barrowby, &c. The story of St. Hilda and her protégé the poet Cædmon is one of the most beautiful and touching narratives in our early history, and presents a very favourable picture of the habits and state of society at the time. J. A. PICTON. Sandyknowe, Wavertree. STOCKS (7th S. i. 325).—Mr. ALBERT HARTSHORNE Would find some modern instances of stocks in 'N. & Q.,' 2nd S. vii. 39; viii. 59, while in 4th S. x. 6 there is a detailed account of a "novel scene presented in the Butter and Poultry Market at Newbury on Tuesday afternoon, June 11, 1872," when a rag and bone dealer, upon whom imprisonment in the County Prison at Reading had no effect, was subjected to this form of punishment for drunkenness. If MR. HARTSHORNE is interested in the subject generally he will perhaps read the following, which I extracted some years since from the authorities. The stocks are mentioned in 1324, in the charter of the Priory of Haltemprice :"" Verum etiam volumus ut prædicti Prior et Conventus habeant cippos [stocks] et conclusoria [lock-ups] in singulis villis ad correctionem delinquentium (charter of Thomas Wake, Dugd., 'Mon.,' Lond., 1661, vol. ii. p. 349). " In st. 25 Ed. III. c. 1, A.D. 1350, it was thus appointed: -"Qe coppes soient faitz en chescune ville par celle encheson entre cy et la Pentecost" ('Statutes at Large,' fol., 1735, vol. i. p. 235). In 50 Ed. III., A.D. 1376, the Commons petitioned the king that they might be set up in villages:- "Arrester [les servantz et laboreres corores] par lours corps, et les mettre et garder en cepes ou mander al proschein gaole" ("Rott. Parl., Petitt. et Placitt.,' vol. ii. p. 340). By st. 7 Henr. IV. c. 17, every village or town was to have a pair of stocks. By st. 4 Jac. I. c. 5, and 21, c. 7, drunkenness was punishable with a fine of five shillings, or sitting in the stocks for six hours in the event of the culprit being unable to pay; so, in order to be able to avail himself of the latter alternative, a magistrate of the petty sessional division of Deddington, in Oxfordshire, caused them to be set up through the district about thirty years back. The Habitual Drunkards Act of 1879 may now, perhaps, have altered the law. However, I have not a copy for reference. One upright of the above-named stocks remains in the parish in which I am writing. The rest is gone. The purpose of the stocks and their common use for the lowest order of criminals are expressed in the words of Gloucester to Kent in 'King Lear' (II. ii.), while the possible result of trying them may be seen in 'My Novel,' from the experience of Dr. Riccabocca amid "the varieties of English life." ED. MARSHALL. [Instances of the use of stocks in recent days are supplied us by numerous correspondents.] 'GUY LIVINGSTONE' (7th S. i. 388).-If MR. WALKER will write to the Rev. R. St. John Tyrwhitt, Ketelby, Oxford, who was at Christ Church with Mr. Lawrence, and is himself the author of an Oxford novel, he will, I feel sure, obtain all reasonable information from Mr. Tyrwhitt's usual courtesy. ED. MARSHALL. I remember the author, G. A. Lawrence, at ter (i. 228) gives the following particulars: Rugby in 1842. 'The Annotated Rugby Regis"Balliol College, Oxford. Second Class (Lit. Hum. from New Inn Hall, Term, Mich. 1850). Present with the Confederate States' Army under General Stonewall Jackson, 1863. Died at Edinburgh, September, 1876." P. J. F. GANTILLON. Particulars of the life of Mr. G. Lawrence, the author of 'Guy Livingstone,' &c., will be found in 'Men of the Time' for 1862, edited by Mr. E. MUS URBANUS. Walford. See short notice in Cooper's 'Biographical Dictionary,' edition 1883. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. The Library, Claremont, Hastings. EDWARD STRONG, MASTER MASON OF ST. PAUL'S (7th S. i. 228, 279, 373).-Though my information concerning him was obtained from the best source, i. e., from the stepson of the late Capt. W. H. Nares, R.N., the father of Sir George Strong Nares, yet on reading the note of MR. HENRY C. WILKINS (p. 373) I am inclined to believe that there is in it a slight error. This arises from the circumstance of there having been two persons named Edward Strong, father and son, and many of your correspondents versed in genealogical pursuits will |