5. Beauty, strength, and youth, lie undistinguished in the same promiscuous heap. /

5. Industry is the law of our being; it is the demand of nature, of reason, and of God.

5.

Fear, pity, justice, indignation start,

Tear off reserve, and bare my swelling heart;

Till half a patriot, half a coward grown,

I fly from petty tyrants to the throne.

Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet,

With charm of earliest birds; pleasant the sun
When first on this delightful land he spreads

His orient beams, on herb, tree, fruit, and flower.

6. To instruct the ignorant, to relieve the needy, to succor the afflicted, are duties which fall in our way every day in our lives.

1. The direct question usually takes the rising slide; but when it is repeated with passion or emphasis, and when the first word is emphatic, it receives the fulling slide.

2. The indirect question usually takes the falling slide; but when repeated with passion or strong emphasis, it receives the rising slide. The question of inquiry also, in this case, takes the rising slide.

3. All answers usually take the falling slide; but when they express carelessness or indifference, they adopt the rising slide.

4. Negation when opposed to affirmation, usually takes the rising slide, but when strongly emphatic, it receives the falling.

5. The pause next before the period usually takes the rising slide for the sake of melody; emphasis, however, sometimes reverses the slide.

6. When a strong falling slide occurs near the end of a sentence, the remaining part often takes the rising slide.

NOTE.-Emphatic Force annuls all rules, and may supersede the rising slide in any case.

EXERCISE.

1. A. Are you going to college? B. I did not understand you A. Are you going to college?

1. Did you not say he was a good reader?

college?

2. When are you going to college? What did you say? When do you go to college?

3. How do you like the new school? Oh, pretty well.

4. Such conduct would not be excusable in boys; much less in girls.

5. If you are traduced, and are really innocent, tell your traducers the truth; tell them

they are tyrants.

6. I will not back; I am too high born to be thus commanded.

MONOTONE.

The monotone is employed in the pronunciation,

1. Of majestic, grand, and sublime thought;

2. In the language of solemnity, adoration, and awe; and

3. In giving expression to the emotions of horror, gloom, remorse, and despair.

EXERCISE.

High on a throne of royal state, which far

Outshōne the wealth of Ormus and of Ind,

Or where the gorgeous east, with richest hand

Showers on her kings barbaric, pearls and gold,

Satan exalted, sat!

2. In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on man, fear came upon me and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up. It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof; an image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying, Shall mortal man be more just than God? Shall a man be more pure than his Maker?

3.

I could a tale unfold whose lightest word

Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood,
Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres,

Thy knotted and combined locks to part,

And each particular hair to stand on end,

Like quills upon the fretful porcupine.

NOTE.-The circumflex is treated in connection with Emphasis.

EMPHASIS.

Emphasis is a peculiar, distinctive utterance of words or phrases in a sentence, in order to bring out their meaning and the meaning of the sentence in the most complete and impressive manner.

By noticing the emphatic words in italic, in the following example, it will be seen that its meaning is changed with every change of emphasis.

When the stress is on single words, as above, it is called Simple Emphasis. The following sentence presents an example of Double Emphasis: “Business sweetens pleasure, as labor sweetens rest." This emphasis depends on antithetic relation. In each member of the sentence there are two emphatic words-hence the emphasis is said to be double. Treble Emphasis, and the like, depends upon the same principle.

Emphasis transposes accent in words opposed to each other which have a sameness in part of their formation. It is done to render the sense distinct. Thus-" He was expert in all the arts of simulation and dissimulation."

THE EMPHASIS OF SENSE.

The Emphasis of Sense addresses itself to the understanding. It is based upon the antithesis of words or ideas, and if the inflections be misapplied, the meaning of the sentence is essentially impaired or entirely perverted. When the contrast is expressed and equally balanced, the emphasis is light, and the slides are applied in the order explained for antithetic words or clauses, under the head of inflection, page 37. The difficulty lies in adjusting the inflections to contrasts of unequal weight, when both parts of the antithesis are not expressed.

APPLICATION.

1. When both parts of the antithesis are expressed, apply the falling slide to that part which is the weightier or more positive.

2. So, when only one part is expressed, if it be decidedly affirmative, if it contain pointed designation, or the word even is expressed or understood, apply the falling slide.

3. But, if it express indecision, negation, concession, or insinuation, apply the rising slide; also, after the comparative than, and wherever the words at least are stated or implied. 4. Whatever be the inflection on the last emphatic word in a clause or sentence, the clause or sentence must terminate with the same.

EXERCISE.

NOTE. It is one of the characteristics of emphasis that its pronunciation is in curved lines rather than straight; hence the use of curved marks.

The numbers refer to the rules.
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1. We are not enemies, but the fragments of enemies.

1. We can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth.

1. You were paid to fight against Alexander, not to rail at him.

1.

But of the two, less dangerous is the offense

To tire our patience, than mislead our sense.
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1. If we have no regard for religion in youth, we ought to have some regard for it in )

old age.

1. If we have no regard for our own character, we ought to have some regard for the character of others.

2. 'Tis his family influence that advances him so rapidly in society.

2. In the course of my ranfbles I met with the gray-headed old sexton, and accompanied him home to get the key of the church.

2. A man of vivid imagination can converse with a picture and find an agreeable comา

panion in a statue.

2. I have very often lamented, and hinted my sorrow in several speculations, that the า

art of painting is so little made use of to the improvement of our manners.

2. I'm tortured e'en to madness when I think of the insult.

2

Were I Brutus,
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And Brutus Antony-there were an Antony

Would ruffle up your spirits, and put a tongue

In every wound of Cæsar that should move

The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.

2 TUBAL. One of them showed me a ring which he had of your daughter for a monkey. SHYLOCK. Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal; it was my turquoise-I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys.

8. It is a custom more honored in the breach, than in the observance.

3.

Let not a torrent of impetuous zeal

Transport you thus, beyond the bounds of reason.

bíldren.

3. I admit that he can write good books for children.

3. You are my husband's friend, the friend of Altamont

3. It is a new thing in morals to promote virtue by the encouragement of vice.

3. We ought at least to have some regard for the character of others.

3. Thou hast one comfort, friend, said I, at least, in the loss of thy poor beast. I am

Bare thou hast been a merciful master to him.

3. I see thou hast learnt to rail, but it is doubtful whether thou hast acquired anything better.

4*

4. But Rebecca put another interpretation on the words extorted as it were from Bois

Guilbert.

4. This is a perversion; it is an immense evil to have wrong ideas thus fastened upon \

the language of the sacred writers.

4. They were slow to perceive that it was not the farmers, but themselves, who had

made the change.

4. We too often judge of men not by the merit, but by the splendor of their actions.

THE EMPHASIS OF FORCE.

The Emphasis of Force has no dependence on antithetic words. It is the expression of strong emotion, and is regulated, chiefly, by the conception and taste of the reader. It requires the falling slide.

1. To strong exclamatory phrases.

2. To expressions of command.

3. To the language of exhortation.

APPLICATION.

4. To the auxiliary must, or an emphatic word after it.

5. To positive denial or refusal.

6. To emphatic repetition.

7. To the emphatic clause.

NOTE. The two last cases demand an increase of stress on each succeeding word or clause, indicated by the type.

EXERCISE.

1. Behold a great and good man! What majesty! how graceful! how commanding! \

1. It stands solid and entire! but it stands alone! and it stands in ruins!

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2. Remember the Sabbath-day to keep it holy.

2. Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.

3. Awake; awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jeru

salem, the holy city! Shake thyself from the dust; arise and sit down, O Jerusalem; loose \ thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of Zion.