Logic for the Million

the ears of my auditors, and awaken in their minds the same ideas which exist in my own? To explain in what mysterious manner this is effected is beyond the power of our philosophy. It is one of the secrets of nature known only to Him who formed the ear and created the mind of man.

One great advantage which man has over the other animals consists in the power of co-operation. It is by this means that the whole community is benefited by the exertions of each individual. This power of co-operation could not exist unless mankind possessed a prompt and perfect mode of communicating their ideas to each other. And this ready communication exists only by means of language. Language, too, is not merely a channel of thought, it is a vehicle of feelings, and by it we are able to impart our sentiments in such a way as to impress our emotions on the minds of our auditors. By language men are aroused into indignation or softened into sympathy. Without language we could not be enlightened with the instructions of science, or enraptured with the beauties of poetry. To this we owe all the pleasures of our public assemblies and all the luxuries of social intercourse; it is from this we derive all the happiness we receive from the speculations of philosophy, the brilliancy of wit, the thunders of eloquence, and the melody of song.

By the power of language we are enabled to be useful to others. We can instruct the ignorant, caution the unwary, or console the afflicted. Of what use is the intense application of the student, the conceptions of the poet, or the contemplations of the philosopher, if the result of their labours is known only to themselves? Thoughts valuable as gold in the mine are of no use to others until coined into words. And by imparting information to others, our own faculties are improved. Our intellectual weapons are kept polished by use. Knowledge shut up in the mind of its possessor is like a stagnant pool, useful to none; but when allowed to flow out freely in the channels of language, it becomes a living fountain, the streams of which carry health and beauty and fertility into every district through which they roll.

INDEX.

ABSOLUTION, priestly: Mr. Seymour's
dilemma against, 280.
Account-book: the advantages of keep-
ing one, 258.

Act of 1844 for Regulating the Cur-
rency, 83, 87, 344; a sorites respect-
ing its principles, 284.

Actions are judged by their motives,
115, 119.

Acts of Parliament: their meaning
fixed by their intention, 117.
Advantages of the Industrial Exhibi-
tion, 90, 290, 357.

Advantages of a measure referred to
effects, 90.

Advice to Servants, by Dean Swift, 53.
Advisers, logical, useful, 16.
Advocates, logical, useful, 16.
Æsop's Fables quoted, 176.
Age, the logic of, 307.

Aiken, on War, quoted, 128, 165.
Alexander, Dr.: his censure of the
voluntarians, 89.

Alexander the Great: his character, 317.
Ambiguity of words a source of false
reasoning, 27, 205.

America: Law of Partnership in, 88;
universal suffrage in, 159; Earl of
Carlyle's Lecture on, 158; population
of, 336.

Amusements: we should be guided by
reasoning in the choice of, 313; les-
sons taught by chess, 313; those con-
demned by the Society of Friends,

356.

Analogy; reasoning by, 42, 143; appli-
cation of, 144; fallacious analogies,
161, 213; applied to public companies,
186; in an interrogative form, 245.
Analysis: wherein it differs from syn-
thesis, 288.

Ancients: their festivals, 290; com-

pared with the moderns, 294; under-
stood political economy, 333.
Anecdotes are arguments, 140; collec-
tions of, 111; examples of, 142.
Animals knowledge of, derived from
observation, 78: analogy between
them and human beings, 114, 143,
257; have we a right to eat them?
162.

Anonymous quotations, 125, 215, 244.
Antecedent and Consequent, the rela-
tion of, 73, 108.

Aristotle what Sydney Smith says of
him, 80.

Arithmetic: its rules, 47; importance
of, 363.

Art of Being Happy, by the Rev. B. H.
Draper, quoted, 113, 277, 308, 358.
Art of Equivocation, 21.

Art of False Reasoning Exemplified,
quoted, 201.

Art of Prolonging Life, 358.

Art of Reasoning: introduction to, 1;
its name, 2.

Assembly's Catechism quoted, 353.
Association of ideas aids the memory,
13.

Astronomy: reasoning by analogy ap-
plied to, 42, 144.

Atlas newspaper quoted, 92.
Attributes: reasoning from, 34.
Author, the, quoted, 293, 313.

Bacon, Lord, 76; Sydney Smith, re-
specting, 80; quoted, 268.
Bailey's Theory of Reasoning quoted, 3,
7, 31, 40, 41, 56, 67, 130, 207, 275.
his Questions in Political Econ-
omy quoted, 80, 115, 120.
Bank of England, 339.

Bankers judge from circumstantial
evidence, 107; Onus probandi r-
specting, 248; dishonourable conduct
towards, 354.

Banking Prize Essay, 54.
Baptismal Regeneration, 242.
Barrow's Sermons quoted, 134.
Bastiat's Popular Fallacies on General
Interests quoted, 164, 279.

Baynes: his Essay on Logical Forms
quoted, 271.

Beaumont, Lord, quotation from his
letter, 281.

Bell, Sir Charles: his remarks on the
feet, 305.

Bell, G. M.: his "Country Banks and
the Currency, 339."
Berkeley's system, 75.

Bible: Lectures on, by the Rev. T.
Gilbart, quoted, 60; its evidences,
193; landmarks, 197; a belief in,
strengthens the powers of reasoning,
366.

Bickersteth, Rev. R.: his speech quoted,
141; his Bible Landmarks quoted,
197; his National Obligations to the
Bible quoted, 244.

Bigland's Letters on History quoted,
316, 317, 319, 322.

Blakey's Essay on Logic quoted, 144,
163, 359.

his History of Moral Science

quoted, 351, 366.
Bloomer dress, 304.

Blunt's Undesigned Coincidences, 105,
317.

Board of Health, their Report quoted,
48, 54, 86, 87.

Books: immoral, none sold at the
stations of the North-Western Rail-
Way, 254.

Boswell's Life of Johnson quoted, 258.
Branches of knowledge should have
distinct names, 2.

Brewer's Guide to Science quoted, 49.
Briggs, Mr., a working millwright,
his prize essay on the industrial
Exhibition quoted, 90.
Britannia newspaper quoted, 241.
British Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, 336, 338.
British Banner quoted, 92.
Brougham, Lord, quoted, 59.
Bull, an example of, 142.

Bullion's Internal Management of a
Country Bank, 107.

Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress quoted,
218.'

Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, his attri-
butes, 9; his argument from enu-
meration quoted in his Life by his
son, 61.

Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric
quoted, 5, 270.

-, Lord. Lives of the Chan-
cellors quoted, 154.
Canaan, the Land of: its attributes, 33,
327.

Capital: its divisions, 54.

Carlisle, the Earl of, his Lecture on
America quoted, 158.

his Speech on the Industrial
Exhibition quoted,290.

Case in point: what is it? 136.
Catechetical way of reasoning, 239.
Caudle's, Mrs., Lectures; by Douglas
Jerrold, quoted, 52, 153, 308, 310.

Cause and effect: arguments from,
may be brought under genus and
species, 69; the relation of, 71;
physical, 71; moral, 80; conditional,
95; final, 109; fallacies connected
with, 210; connected with history,
324; the relation of, connected with
statistics, 341; of virtues and vices,
354.

Chain of reasoning: wherein it differs
from a series of reasonings, 285.
Chalmers, Dr., on Political Economy,
quoted, 81, 86; his opinion of Church
establishments, 81; of Ricardo's
theory of rent, 86; adopted the
Malthusian theory of population, 89,
332.

Chances, the doctrine of, 138.

Charles II. granted a Charter to the
Royal Society, 77; anecdote of, 78.
Chartists their principles, 51.
Chess, lessons taught by, 313.
Children, logic to, 308.

Christian Times quoted, 159, 345.
Christianity, evidences of, 193.
Church establishment: its advantages,
81.

Circumstantial evidence, 99; the prin-
ciples of, 100; employed by theolo
gians, 103; Paley's Hora Paulinæ,
ib. ; Blunt's Undesigned Coinci-
dences, 105; application to the ordi-
nary affairs of life, 106; Scriptural
instances of, 107; final cause an
item in, 119; illustration of. 120.
City of London Literary and Scientific
Institution: its prize essay, 361.
Civilization, origin of, 122.
Clarendon, Lord: his attributes, 40.
Clarke's, Dr. Adam, Commentary on
the Bible quoted, 214.

Classification, examples of, 54; mental,
66.

Classifications of moral duties, 352.
Clergymen, laws respecting, 187.
Cobden, Mr. his opinions on the
Russian loan, 90; his argument
against war from analogy, 162.
Colonies, advantages of, 128; defended
by comparison, 154; a source of
national wealth, 330.

Commerce: conditions of its prosperity,
98; a source of national wealth, 329.
Common-sense necessary to reasoning,
24.

Company, bad: its effects on the mind,
125.

Comparisons, logical, 152 metaphori-
cal, reasoning from, 167; by ques-
tions, 244.

Conder's Poet of the Sanctuary quoted,
228.

Conditional causes, the relation of, 94;
mode of reasoning from, 95, 264; fal-
lacies connected with, 234.
Congregational chanting, 297.

Consciousness, truths that we know
by, 6.

Constantine the Great removed the
seat of empire, 319.

Contrast: a principle of reasoning, 158;
examples of, 160; used in theology,
161.

Controversy not inconsistent with re-
ligion, 13; may sometimes be better
declined, 249, 300.

Conversation, compared with reading,
153; rules of, 255; cause of man's
superiority over animals, 257; with-
out reasoning, 260.

Conversational reasoning, 249, 254;
examples of, 258.

Convocation, the Archbishop of Canter-
bury's Speech on, 94.
Country bank notes, 339.

Court of Chancery, abuses in, 235.
Courtesy in controversy, 300.
Courts of Law, evidence in, 99.
Crime: causes of its increase, 92.
Criticisms on Logic for the Million, 33,
81, 160, 255.

Croly's, Dr., Sermons quoted, 112; on
Marriage with the Sister of a deceased
Wife quoted, 116; National Know-
ledge, National Power, quoted, 349.
Cromwell, Oliver: his government, 318.
Croxall's Æsop's Fables quoted, 176.
Cruelty to animals, Lord Erskine's
speech upon, 124.

Crystal Palace: its size, 348.
Cumming's, Dr., Sermon on God in
Science quoted, 110; Lecture
Music quoted, 295.

Curran; his address to a jury, 241.

Deduction: what is it? 129.

Definition: what is it? 25; reasoning
from, 62; errors in reasoning from,
209.

Degrees of assent, 198.

Degrees of rank in heaven, Dr. Watts
on, 247.

Deity, proofs of his existence, 110, 224;
proofs of his goodness, 112, 113.
Descriptive reasoning, 224, 227; the
principles of reasoning connected
with, 230; how rendered more vivid,
231; in the form of personification,
232; descriptions of Geo. Robins's,
232; practical application of, 234:
erroneous reasoning from, 236.

De Vericour's Historical Analysis of
Christian Civilization quoted, 321.
Dickens's Household Words quoted,341.
Diet, the logic of, 308.

Dilemma: what is it? 276; examples
of, 279; Bastiat's in favour of free-
trade, 279; Burke's against public
debts, 280; Torrens's against works
conducted by the Government, 280;
Say's against Sumptuary Laws, 280;
Seymour's against Priestly Abso-
lution, 280; Lord Beaumont's against
Bishops appointed by Rome, 281;
dilemma against Synods, 281; in
favour of the Pursuit of Knowledge,
281.

Discontent, reasons against, 244.
Discoveries that may arise from the
Industrial Exhibition, 291; in science,
321.

re-

Disputation, scholastic, 266, 268.
Disputes not incompatible with
ligion, 13; are sometimes better
avoided, 300.
D'Israeli's Curiosities

of Literature
quoted, 40, 143, 178, 361, 140.
Dissenters, Dr. Alexander on, 89.
Distinctions between moral good and
evil, 351.

Division, rules of, 45; the application
of, 48.

Doctrines of the Catholic Church:
transubstantiation, 38; confession
and absolution, 280; celibacy of the
clergy, 245; baptismal regeneration,
242; papal hierarchy, 246.
Doctrines of the Society of Friends,
on war and oaths, 355; on salutations
and amusements, 356.

Domestic concerns, great men un-
happy in, 322.

Earl of Liverpool: letter from the
author to, 335.

Early Marriages: evils of, 92.
Ecclesiastical law: its origin, 188.
Edinburgh Review quoted, 93.
Education: public and private com-
pared, 309.

Effects: modes of reasoning respect-
ing, 85.

Effects of national wealth, 330.
Egypt, Ancient: its characteristics,
327.

Electors: numbers and classification
of, 337.

Elijah: his residence at Zarephath,105;
another reference to, 136.
Employments: their effects on the
mind, 125

Encyclopædia Britannica quoted, 144.
England: superiority of, 244.

English Gentleman, The, quoted, 311.
Enthymeme: what is it? 250; examples
of, 252.

Enumeration: arguments from, 59; of
the duties of public companies, 352.
Epichirema: a compound syllogism,
275, 277.

Erroneous reasonings of political eco-
nomists, 68, 121.

Errors in reasoning, 201; from not un-
derstanding the question, 204; from
the relation of subject and attribute,
205; from a whole and its parts, 207;
from genus and species, 208; from
cause and effect, 210; from examples,
211; from analogy, comparison and
contrast, 213; from parables, fables,
and proverbs, 214; from written do-
cuments, 214; miscellaneous errors,
216.

Erskine, Lord: his speech quoted on
cruelty to animals, 124.

Evidence of our sense: can we believe
it? 75.

Examples, good, to be imitated, 133.
Examples: mode of reasoning from,
127; exemplified from Scripture, 132;
differ from fables, 172; fallacies con-
nected with, 211.

Exeter, Bishop of: his trial with the
Rev. Mr. Gorham, 189.
Exhibition, the Great: Banking Prize
Essays in connexion with, 54; Lord
Overstone's speech on,61; Prize Essay,
by the Rev. Mr. Whish, 81, 154, 357;
Prize Essay, by a working millwright,
on, 90; speech of the Earl of Carlisle
on, 290 article from the Times on,
292; statistics of, 348; Moral effects
of, 357,.

Experience the test of truth, 300.
Extensive empires, advantages of, 322.
Eye: a description of, 224.

Final cause and effect: the relation of,
109; application of, to natural theo-
logy, 110; to the divine attributes,
112; to the human mind, 113; to the
animal creation, 114; to moral ac-
tions; 115; the design of legislators,
116; the interpretation of the law,
117; in judicial cases, 118; in cir-
cumstantial evidence, 119; in politi-
cal economy, 121; to the feelings of
the mind, 122; effects of training
on the mind, 124; the ordinary af-
fairs of life, 125; fallacies connected
with, 211.

Fletcher's Lectures on the Roman
Catholic Religion quoted, 242, 246.
Follett, Sir William: his clear reason-
ings, 360.

Forced interpretation, 214.
Forgery of the Old Testament: dis-
proved by a trilemma, 283.
Forms of reasoning, 221, 274.
France: law of partnership in, 88.
Francis, St.: his Equivocation, 220.
Franklyn, Dr.: his mode of reasoning,
44; anecdote of, 215; his Poor
Richard's Almanack quoted, 182.
Free-Trade and its so-called Sophisms
quoted, 84.

Friendship outlines of a theme on,
289.

Fugitive slave-bill in America: an à
fortiori argument respecting, 157;
description of a capture, 231.
Fundholders: numbers and classifica-
tion of, 343.

Garden supplies examples for classifi-
cation, 66.

General principles: their application
to particular cases, 57, 137; misap-
plication of, 208; application of in
political economy, 331; in moral
philosophy, 355.

General theories should not be raised
on a small number of particulars,
130, 211.

Gentleman: what forms one, 311.
Genus and species: the relation of,
53; rules for dividing, 55; mode of
reasoning from, 56, 130; errors in
reasoning from, 63, 208; in statis-
tics, 343; in morals, 353.

Giddings, J. R. of America: his speech
on slavery quoted, 157.

Gilbart J. W.: his prize for a Banking
Essay in connexion with the Great
Exhibition, 54.

his Practical Treatise on
Banking quoted, 57, 107, 145, 299,
339, 352.

his Lectures on Ancient Com-
merce quoted, 72, 98, 125, 135, 243,
281, 327, 354, 355.

« Eelmine Jätka »