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THE ANNUAL MEETINGS.

The difficulties through which the Society has been brought, during the last year, by the gracious hand of God, gave to the annual services an unusual interest. All the meetings, without exception, were more largely attended than for many years past, and were pervaded by a devout and grateful spirit. They began with the devotional service in the Library of the Mission House, at which the Rev. Dr. Steane presided. His address added to the impressiveness of the occasion.

In the evening of the following day, Friday, the 22nd April, the Annual Sermon in the Welch language was delivered by the Rev. Dr. Price, of Aberdare, in Jewin Crescent Chapel. The attendance was much larger than the previous year.

On the Lord's Day, April 24th, missionary sermons were preached in eighty-three chapels in London and its suburbs, and thirty-five juvenile missionary services were held; a larger number than the Society has ever before enjoyed. It is a pleasing indication that the missionary spirit is also spreading in the congregations of the metropolis.

At the general meeting of members and subscribers, on Tuesday the 26th, the usual business was transacted, and some important notices were given by Dr. Underhill, on behalf of the Committee, and by the Rev. C. Stovel, of some proposed changes in the constitution of the Society. They will come up for decision at the next annual meeting. The Treasurer and Secretaries were re-elected, and the following gentlemen chosen to serve on the Committee for the present year :

Aldis, Rev. J., Reading.
Birrell, Rev. C. M., Liverpool.
Bloomfield, Rev. J., London.
Brown, Rev. H. S., Liverpool.
Brown, Rev. J. J., Birmingham.
Brown, Rev. J. T., Northampton.
Burchell, Rev. W. F., Blackpool.
Chown, Rev. J. P., Bradford.
Colman, Jeremiah, Esq., Norwich.
Dowson, Rev. H, Bradford.
Edmonstone, G., Esq., Torquay.
Edwards, Rev. E., Chard.
Evans, Rev. B., D.D., Scarborough.
Foster, Michael, Esq., Huntingdon.
Goodall, A. B., Esq., Hackney.
Gotch, Rev. F. W., LL.D., Bristol.
Green, Rev. S. G., B. A., Bradford.
Haycroft, Rev. N., M.A., Bristol.
Heaton, W., Esq., London.
Hobson, Rev. J., London.
Jones, Rev. D., B.A., Brixton.
Katterns, Rev. D., Hackney.
Landels, Rev. W., London.
Leonard, G. H., Esq., Bristol,

Lewis, Rev. W. G., jun., London.
Maclaren, Rev. A., B.A., Manchester.
Manning, Rev. S., London.

Martin, Rev. J., B.A., Nottingham.
Middleditch, Rev. C. J., London.
Millard, Rev. J. H., B.A., Huntingdon.
Mursell, Rev. J. P., Leicester.
Newman, Rev. T. F., Shortwood.
Page, Rev. T. C., Plymouth.
Paterson, Rev. J., D.D., Glasgow.
Pattison, S. R., Esq., London.
Prichard, Rev. J., D.D., Llangollen.
Robinson, Rev. W., Cambridge.
Smith, W. L., Esq., St. Albans.
Spurgeon, Rev. J. A., London.
Stanford, Rev. C., Camberwell.
Templeton, J. Esq., F.R.G.S., London.
Thomas, Rev. T., D.D., Pontypool.
Tresidder, J. E., Esq., London.
Tucker, Rev. F., B.A., London.
Vince, Rev. C., Birmingham.
Walters, Rev. W., Newcastle.
Webb, Rev. J., Ipswich.
Wheeler, Rev. T. A., Norwich,

To the list of honorary members of the Committee was added the name of our esteemed friend the Rev. J. Leechman, D.D.

The Annual Morning Sermon was preached at Bloomsbury Chapel by the Rev. D. Katterns, of Hackney. The text was taken from the 67th Psalm, the first two verses. The subject illustrated was the inseparable connection that exists between the spiritual state of the church and its usefulness in the world. The evening sermon was preached by the Rev. A. Maclaren, B.A., of Manchester, at Surrey Chapel. His text was the 16th verse of the 10th chapter of the Gospel according to John. These discourses were listened to with breathless attention, and the memory of them will remain as amongst the most precious legacies that the recent services have left. Their publication in the pages of the "Baptist Magazine" has given pleasure to thousands who could not enjoy the privilege of hearing them.

The Public Meeting on the 28th was held under the presidency of Lord Radstock; but we had to deplore the absence of our beloved Treasurer, who, for the first time for sixteen years, was compelled by sickness to be absent. The Rev. Dr. Thomas, of Pontypool College, conducted the opening devotional service. After the reading of extracts from the Report the meeting was addressed by the noble chairman, and by the Revs. T. Evans, J. D. Coley, Dr. Angus, and Chas. H. Spurgeon. From the full report in the Freeman we take the following extracts :

UNITY OF THE CHURCH.

It was with great joy I accepted the invitation from your Society to be present here to-day. More especially, as I am not connected with the branch of the Church of Christ by which this Society is maintained, I felt all the more rejoiced in accepting the invitation, because I saw in it a recognition of the true principle of "the unity of the body of Christ," the members of which, however they may have different works and different functions on earth, are yet knit together in the one body, kept alive by one Spirit, having one Head, one hope, and one calling. It was, therefore, with more than common pleasure that I came here to fill the position which I have the honour to hold to-day; and I must say it is one of the most cheering signs of the times, to see that the little lines of demarcation, which seem to separate the different members of the church of Christ, are being obliterated; not because the distinctions are thought unimportant, but because it is seen that there is something which is more im portant still, namely, the love of the different members of the church of Christ one towards another. (Hear, hear.) I believe that it is giving a testimony to the world that testimony which the Lord Himself said it would give, when we are seen to be one in the love of that God who "so loved the world that he gave his

Son to die for us." When we see evidence that God has knit together the different members of His body into one harmonious whole, it makes us hope that the day is not far distant when that unity will be completed, though as yet it is but imperfect; and when we shall all, with one heart and one voice, give praise to Him who "sitteth upon the throne.' Lord Radstock.

THE TRANSLATION OF THE SCRIPTURES.

The work of the Society seems to be more and more important. The work of translation that was mentioned in the report is one the value of which cannot be overrated. When we see the progress which education in the empire of India is making, the gradual leavening of the native mind which seems to be going on, it is of the utmost importance that the Scriptures, and books bearing on the Scriptures, should be sent forth wholesale amongst the people. The native mind appears, from all accounts, to be gradually opening for the reception of truth, and it does seem to be of unspeakable importance that that truth should be God's truth; that it should not merely be certain improvements in physical science, certain advancements in civilisation, but that truth which our Lord told His disciples "should make them free,"

We pity the degraded natives of heathen lands, but we forget sometimes that it is God's Word to which we owe our free dom; and by forgetting that, I think occasionally our efforts are somewhat lukewarm in making known to others the blessed Gospel which has been the charter of our own liberty.

Lord Radstock.

IMPORTANCE OF PRAYER.

which he cannot dispel, and of misery which he cannot mitigate. He would speak, but he cannot-he would assist, but he is helpless. As far as my own experience went, I can only say that the preparatory part of my religious course was to me, of all others, the most trying. Fancy yourselves standing on the verge of a mighty current, in which millions of your fellow creatures are being swept away to destruction before your eyes. You come there to save them, but you cannot. You would throw them a lifebuoy, or direct them to a lifeboat, but you cannot. Your tongue is tied; your hands are shackled; and all you can do is to look on, and to look up to the God of mercy on behalf of those who perish before you. Would not such a position as that be a trying one? This is the case in a still more awful sense with the missionary in India, until after anxious months of toil and study he is qualified to go forth to the bazaars with the speakable riches of Christ."

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Rev. T. Evans.

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I trust that there may be an earnest spirit of prayer in each one of us, knowing that the time for effort is rapidly passing away. Each one has an influence to some extent. There is not a single person in this large multitude who has not a very large influence, an influence for which he or she is responsible in the sight of God. You can strengthen to an immeasurable extent the hands of the missionaries by prayer. By half an hour a-day you may strengthen the hands of the missionaries in a way that eternity alone can disclose; and I verily believe that what we need now is not so much fresh organisation, as more earnest, unyielding prayer that God A MISSIONARY MUST THINK LIKE THE would bring down His blessing, not merely in drops, but in showers. We see that seed has been sown in all countries -not only in Europe, but in Asia, Africa, and America; and there appears to be the promise of a large crop. But for this there must be abundant rain. If much seed has been sown, there must be much rain; and for the blessed shower I think we ought to plead earnestly and unweariedly that God will in His own good time send down the shower which shall bring forth fruit to His glory.

Lord Radstock.

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The acquisition of foreign languages is the first difficulty that a missionary in India meets with. He lands in the country full of zeal for the salvation of the heathen, and is anxious at once to commence with his message of love and mercy to the perishing millions around him. The scenes he has daily to witness are sad and sickening. He is now brought into personal contact with obscene and degraded forms of idolatry. He now looks on what before he only heard of, and his heart fails within him. All he can do is to stand a silent spectator of darkness

PEOPLE.

He has to learn not only how to speak to the people; but also how to think as the people think. He is now addressing a people who have a peculiar manner of expressing themselves, quite foreign to Europeans, and the missionary must lay hold of the native mind as well as the native tongue, and cast all his thoughts in an Eastern mould if he would have them suit the figurative and fanciful minds of heathen people. Their books are filled with figures, and even their common conversation abounds with metaphors. Nothing pleases them so much as apt illustrations, and no manner of preaching will interest them like the pictorial and parabolic. They call the ig norant man blind, and the learned man they say has a hundred eyes. If they wish to describe a man of good outward appearance with a bad heart they will say that is a golden cup full of poison, whilst the man with a poor outward appearance and good heart they will say is an earthen pitcher full of nectar. The liberal man is a well within reach of every thirsty traveller. The truly benevolent man is a tree which drops its fruit even to those who cast stones at it. The wicked man is a serpent that will bite even those who feed it and fatten it. The indolent man is a pair of bellows that breathes without

life. Sin is a sea into which the wicked sink, and religion is a boat to ferry the good across. And thus they paint and picture almost every object and event they speak of. The missionary also must acquire this parabolic mode of speaking if he would have his preaching understood and appreciated by the people. Rev. T. Evans.

HEATHEN ENMITY AGAINST THE GOSPEL.

They are prejudiced not only against the missionary, but also against the Gospel. By the learned Brahmins and Buddhists who have an interest in up. holding idolatry, the Gospel is regarded with that hatred which is known only to those who feel that their trade is in danger. To the common people Christianity is misrepresented by the religious teachers. The levelling of castes in eating and drinking is represented as a monstrous system of libertinism and sensual indulgence; and the adoption of Christianity involves the loss of all that the Hindoo holds sacred and valuable, and subjects him to the deadly hatred of his friends, to the curse of the holy Brahmins, to the wrath of the mighty gods. Moreover, the doctrines which the missionary has to preach to the heathen, are such as to arouse the enmity of the benighted heart of the heathen. The Gospel aims a deadly blow at all his long-cherished hopes. It robs him at once and for ever of the right which he has been thinking he possesses from his deeds of self-denial. A man does not like this. He likes a religion which is suitable to his own desires and inclinations. The Gospel reflects on his character a light in which he never saw himself before, and because in this light he can only see himself disgraced and depraved, he loves that darkness which flatters him as a paragon of virtue and holiness.

Rev. T. Evans.

IGNORANCE OF THE HINDUS.

Brahmins watch and labour to keep the people in ignorance, and every inlet to light and knowledge is guarded as carefully as the caverns of the dead. The consequence is that the great mass of the people are dupes to priestcraft, and the easy victims of oppression to all those who pretend to knowledge in any branch of education. As an illustration of this, I might mention a fact of frequent occurrence. The Brahmins, who study astro

nomy, being able to specify the time when an eclipse of the sun or moon will occur, use this knowledge to serve a double purpose. In the first place, they tell the ignorant masses that nothing but direct communication with the gods can enable them to acquire this knowledge of the heavenly objects; and, therefore, the great power that the Brahmin must have with the gods. But, not satisfied with this, and wishing to turn this knowledge to some more practical account, the Brahmin goes on to say, "Did I not tell you this would occur? Did I not tell you when it would take place? And now I must tell you more. I must tell you why it has taken place. There is in the sky a huge dragon, that has power to hurt and destroy the planets-that dragon has now a portion of the sun in his mouth. Do you not see it black? He will devour it outright unless you give gifts to the Brahmins, who alone have power over the sun." Gifts are freely and liberally made to rescue "the orb of day" from falling a prey to the great dragon in the sky. Tricks of the same nature are practised by others who profess a knowledge of astrology, and by others who are supposed to be skilful in charms and incantations and witchcraft. The knowledge of the people on religious questions is quite as defective. Not one out of a thousand can give you an intelligent answer to the simple question, why they worship their gods. The reply generally is, because it is the custom. The knowledge they have of their gods is confined to the name of a god or two, while the great majority of the people scarcely know the name of a god; and the Brahmin tells them that it is enough to know and repeat the names of the gods. Thus, then, are the great masses of the people plunged into deep darkness. They do, indeed, "sit in darkness, and in the shadow of death." They hold fast to the chain of superstition and caste.

Rev. T. Evans.

THE MORAL CONDITION OF THE HINDU.

His conscience seems hardened against all moral influence, and the appeals that would melt the hardest heart in England will fall flat on the most religious minds in India. The Hindoo knows nothing of moral obligations, all the requirements of his religion being social and ceremonial. Vice and virtue, as regarded by us, have no place in his creed: he is at liberty to practise the one, and to dispense with the other, at his pleasure, without running any risk of damaging his character as a

religious man among his fellows. Ask him of sin, as we understand it, and he has no idea. Sin, with him, is to break caste, to eat and partake of food with foreigners, or that which has been touched by a man of low caste. To eat beef, to kill a cow, or to insult a Brahmin, are sins of the most heinous kind and blackest die, that would fill the heart of the Hindoo with fear and terror; but he will lie and deceive, he will oppress and defraud, he will forge and bribe, he will seduce and debauch, and rob and murder, without the least sense of guilt, without any twitches of conscience. Everything in the present aspect of Hindooism tends to deaden the conscience and foster the moral apathy of the people. The Vedas and Shasters do indeed contain some moral lessons, but these ancient writings have been superseded by the more immoral books called the Purans. These are ten in number, very bulky, and full of the most absurd and immoral legends about the gods. To listen to these legends is a delight to the Hindoo, for they have been framed with the special object of gratifying his evil passions. The actions of the gods are recorded there, and the worshipper looks on those actions as models for his imitation, as standards by which he is to be ruled and guided. And, alas! what wretched models, what mean standards he has before him! The very essence of vice and immorality. Hence his own licentious life, and his want of remorse or shame at the most cruel and infamous actions he is guilty of. The most licentious and the most cruel of the gods are the most popular, and are daily solicited to aid the darkest of deeds. Rev. T. Evans.

THE WORK TO BE DONE IN INDIA.

For any one to suppose that the task is nearly accomplished, is nothing but a pleasant dream; and how can we expect to see India forsake her idols, while Christian people spend their pounds on luxuries, and give only their pence to missionary societies, or while there is only one missionary in proportion to 400,000 of the inhabitants? The Government finds it necessary to send 70,000 British soldiers, besides having a native army, in order to maintain its temporal authority, and how can we expect to conquer the country for Christ with 500 European missionaries, aided by 1,000 native brethren? Not even the large cities of India are efficiently occupied, and our agents must, of necessity, confine their attention to a com

paratively small portion of the country. There is Rajpootana, with 15,000,000 people, and not one missionary; and there is Hyderabad, with 10,000,000, and only one missionary. Can we reasonably expect the conversion of a country a large portion of which has never heard the Gospel? Can we expect to reap where we have not sown the seed of the Gospel? In estimating the amount of work done, I would ask you to take into consideration the paucity of labourers, the extent of the field, and the huge difficulties to be surmounted. To those who think that little or nothing has been done, I would say, judge not before the time, nor by outward appearance; and never forget that though the husbandman labours hard and long, he does not labour in vain. It must never be forgotten that hitherto mission work in India has been chiefly preparatory, and the measure of work done and success achieved in this respect, may well inspire with joy the most gloomy heart, and the most dejected mind.

Rev. T. Evans.

ENCOURAGING FACTS.

The happy change that has taken place in the Government of the country may be regarded as a token for good. The unholy alliance of a professedly Christian Government with heathen prejudices will now be broken, and the powers that be shall no longer be permitted to uphold and sanction idolatry. And further, there is a growing desire in India for knowledge and education. Many Brahmins in Bengal are becoming proficient scholars in English literature, while others, who are medical students, do not hesitate to dissect the corpses of the polluted Sudras. We have not only Government colleges in large cities, but in almost every district throughout British India village-schools have been established. Sir Robert Montgomery, the pious Governor of the Punjaub, and father of the missionaries, is taking the lead in female education; and that noble movement will no doubt be warmly supported by Sir John Lawrence. Even public works are doing a great deal for India, for when the great Ganges canal was cut by the English, hundreds of Brahmins, on their bended knees, prayed that Ganges would not go; but it went, and they now say that if England can lead the Ganges where it likes she is no goddess after all. The Brahmins also prefer mixing with other castes in railway carriages to walking; and even caste itself favours us for once, Let a large

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