This railway commences at a spacious station in London Road, Manchester, which is to be used jointly by this and the Manchester and Sheffield Railway Company. The railway is conducted through Manchester upon a viaduct, in which occurs an extraordinary skew arch, crossing Fairfield Street at an angle of only 24 degrees. The span of the bridge is about 128 feet 9 inches. It is considered to be one of the finest specimens of iron-bridge building ever executed. The viaduct, at the Manchester end of the line, contains considerably more than 100 arches. At Stockport is an immense viaduct, which crosses the Mersey at an elevation of 111 feet measured to the top of the parapet. Soon after leaving this viaduct the railway enters a deep cutting, in which occurs a short tunnel 297 yards long, the only one on the line. On the remaining portion of the line are several extensive viaducts. The Bolling viaduct consists of 11 arches, of 49 feet span. The Peover viaduct, crossing the river of that name, consists of 9 or 10 arches of about 40 feet span, and 70 feet high. The Dane viaduct consists of 23 arches of 63 feet span, and crosses the river Dane at an elevation of about 95 feet from the surface of the water to the top of the parapet.

This railway was opened throughout the whole line on the 10th of August 1842.

LXXII. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY, 31 Miles.-This railway 209 was opened September 15, 1830, and cost nearly L.1,000,000 Sterling. The principal station is in Lime Street, Liverpool.

BOLTON, or Bolton-le-Moors, is said to be of Saxon origin. The principal trade is the cotton manufacture and subsidiary branches, as bleaching, calico-printing, machine-making, &c. There are above thirty coal-mines in the parish. A lead-mine is found in Anglezarke; and Blackrod contains a sulphur-spring. The country, for six miles round Bolton, has undergone very considerable improvement within the last few years; villages have sprung up where there was not a dwelling, and hamlets have become the seat of a dense population. Within six years, five new churches have been erected in the neighbourhood of Bolton, besides two or three others which are projected. Bolton has two town-halls, a theatre, and assembly-rooms, several churches and meeting-houses, a free grammar-school, &c. Between Bolton and Wigan are found large quantities of cannel-coal, which is often manufactured into snuff-boxes, candlesticks, &c. Bolton suffered severely in the civil-wars, especially during the great siege when the Earl of Derby stormed the town, and dislodged the Republican troops. In consequence of this achievement, he was beheaded in Bolton after the battle of Worcester. Bolton returns two M. P. Pop. in 1841, 33,601. The Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal was begun in 1791, and completed soon after. About one and a-half mile N. E. of Bolton, Colonel Bradshaw, one of the regicides, had a seat at Bradshaw Chapel. At a place called Hall-in-the-Wood, one mile from Bolton, Samuel Crompton invented the machine called the "Mule." A railway leads from Bolton to Leigh, and thence to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, joining it at Kenyon. Leigh is seven miles from Bolton. It enjoys a considerable share of the cotton-trade, and a portion of the silk. In the church there is a private chapel belonging to the Tildesley family, which contains the remains of Sir Thomas Tildesley, the distinguished royalist, who fell at the battle of Wigan-Lane. Pop. in 1841, 3005.

The first mile of this railway, from its junction with the Manchester and Bolton Railway, is considered a fine specimen of engineering skill. It runs through the south-west side of the town in a curve, and crosses nine streets under as many bridges. The construction of the roofs of the bridges is much admired. They consist of cast-iron beams, and present a flat surface to the eye of the spectator underneath.

The staple ma-
There are five

CHORLEY, on the banks of the Chor, whence it takes its name. A family of the same name held the manor of Chorley from a very early period. nufactures are cotton fabrics, muslins, jaconets, and fancy articles. coal-mines in the neighbourhood, and a lead-mine at Anglezarke. The old church is an ancient building. There is a grammar-school, a new church, several meeting-houses and charitable institutions. Pop. of par. in 1841, 13,139.

LXXV. NORTH UNION RAILWAY.-Principal station at Parkside.

WIGAN is an ancient town situated near the little river Douglas, on the banks of which the Saxons were defeated by King Arthur. It is noted for its manufacture of cotton goods, and its large brass and pewter works. The vicinity also abounds with cannel coal. Wigan has a stately church, containing a few ancient monuments, two Roman Catholic chapels, a town-hall, several meeting