Oil Shale

2002 Estonian Academy activation energy aliphatic alkylation anhydrite aromatic ash fractions asphaltenes benzene-soluble Beypazari biomass boiler calcite calcium carbon dioxide cement plant chemical coal composition conifers decomposition decreased diethyl ether dry mass dry matter effect electrostatic precipitator emission Environment Estonian Estonian Academy Publishers Estonian oil shale ethylene oxide Fischer assay fresh and dry FT-IR furnace ash Fushun Fushun oil shale Goyniik heating rates hydrocarbons Ibid industrial K/min kerogen kerogen liquefaction Kohtla-Jarve kukersite ash Kunda lab-scale larnite lime liquefaction liquid products Maoming Maoming oil shale mineral needles Norway spruce oil shale oil shale ash oil shale particles oil yields organic matter oxidation reactions oxyalkylation periclase pressure pyrolysis reactor Reinsalu sample plots Scots pine Seyitomer shale oil silicate SO-2E additive solvent SOMAN additive spectra studied Tallinn Technical University TBSLP temperature thermal tion Turkish oil shales whole ash X-ray