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tries to steal a pitiful justification from whispered accusations and fabricated rumors no, my Lords, that is no State Necessity! Tear off the mask, and you see coarse, vulgar avarice lurking under the disguise.

"The State Necessity of Mr. Hastings is a juggle. It is a being that prowls in the dark. It is to be traced in the ravages which it commits, but never in benefits conferred or evils prevented. I can conceive justifiable occasions for the exercise even of outrage, where high public interests demand the sacrifice of private right. If any great man, in bearing the arms of his country-if any admiral, carrying the vengeance and the glory of Britain to distant coasts, should be driven to some rash acts of violence, in order, perhaps, to give food to those who are shedding their blood for their country there is a State Necessity in such a case, grand, magnanimous, and all-commanding, which goes hand in hand with honor.

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"If any great general, defending some fortress, barren, perhaps, itself, but a pledge of the pride and power of Britain -if such a man, fixed like an imperial eagle on the summit of a rock, should strip its sides of the verdure and foliage with which it might be clothed, while covered on the top with that cloud from which he was pouring down his thunders on the foe-would he be brought by the House of Commons to your bar? No, my Lords, never would his grateful and admiring countrymen think of questioning actions which, though accompanied by private wrong, yet were warranted by real necessity. But is the State Necessity which is pleaded by the prisoner, in defence of his conduct, of this description? I challenge him to produce a single instance in which any of his private acts were productive of public advantage, or averted impending evil.”

101. SUSTAINED FORCE.

In addressing large assemblies, and in calling and commanding, the Full Force is sustained for some moments, according to the size of the audience, or distance to which the voice is to be heard.

102. Examples: SPEAKING TO GREAT NUMBERS. Fellow Citizens: It—is - no

ordinary

-

cause

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Ship, ahoy! Send-a-boat!

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And lo! from the assembled crowd
There rose a shout, prolonged and loud,

That to the ocean seemed to say,

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EXERCISES IN FORCE.'

Determine and apply the appropriate force in each of the following selections:

1.

Speak softly! All's hushed as midnight."

2.

"Oh! I have passed a miserable night.”

3.

"Stand! the ground's your own, my braves;
Will ye give it up to slaves?"

4.

"Now, men! now is your time!"
"Make ready! take aim! fire!"

5.

Up the hillside, down the glen,
Rouse the sleeping citizen!
Summon out the might of men!
Clang the bells in all your spires!
On the gray hills of your sires
Fling to heaven your signal-fires!
Oh, for God and Duty stand,
Heart to heart, and hand to hand,
Round the old graves of your land!

103. STRESS.

1. Stress is the application of Force to some particular part of a syllable or word.

2. Stress differs from accent in this particular; stress is limited to only a part of a syllable, while accent includes the entire syllable.

3. In the utterance of an elementary sound which consists of but a single impulse of the voice, the force may lie prominently on the first or on the last part, on the middle or on both extremes, or it may be distributed with an equal degree throughout the sound.

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of Force to the first part of a syllable or word.

2. In applying this stress to a word the sound will burst instantaneously upon the first part of the syllable, and the succeeding part of the syllable will be uttered with a slight aspiration if the vocal organs are not under perfect control.

105. LAW OF USE.

The degree of Radical Stress is determined by the intensity of emotion. It is used, first, to express narrative, didactic, and descriptive thought; and, second, to express sudden anger, fear, impetuous and startling emotions; and, third, in the delivery of vigorous and earnest argument.

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[From "The Bachelors." —Anon.]

The naturalists say that these singular creatures

Are alike in their habits, their form and their features;

The Benedicks think that their senses are small,
Whilst women affirm they have no sense at all,
But are curious compounds of very strange stuff,
Inflexible, hard, and exceedingly tough:-

The old ones have wigs', and the young ones have hair,
And they scent it', and curl it', and friz it with care,
And turn it to dark' should it chance to be fair.

They are ramblers' and wanderers, never at home,
Making sure of a welcome wherever they roam;
And every one knows that the Bachelor's den
Is a room set apart for these singular men
A nook in the clouds, perhaps five by four,

Though sometimes, indeed, it may be rather more --
With skylight, or no light, ghosts, goblins, and gloom,
And everywhere known as the Bachelor's Room.

These creatures, 'tis said, are not valued at all,
Except when the herd give a Bachelor's ball;

Then dress'd in their best, in their gold-broidered vest,
'Tis allowed, as a fact, that they act with much tact,
And they lisp out, "How do?" and they coo, and they sue,
And they smile for a while, their guests to beguile,
Condescending and bending, for fear of offending:
Though inert, they expect to be pert, and to flirt,

And they turn and they twist, and are great hands at whist;
And they whirl and they twirl, and they whisk, and are brisk,
And they whiz and they quiz, and they spy with their eye,
And they sigh as they fly,

For they meet to be sweet, and are fleet on their feet,
Pattering, and flattering, and chattering-

Spluttering, and fluttering, and buttering

Advancing, and glancing, and dancing, and prancing,

And bumping, and jumping, and stumping, and thumping –

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