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PL: 1. 2. 3.............To 37, IN THE TOP-CORNERS OF THE INNER COLUMNS, Indicate the Roman numBERS OF THE PLAYS, ACCORDING TO THE TEXT; AND SO IN THE SAME MANNER THE ABBREVIATURE, M. P. 1 To 5, THE ORDER OF THE MISCELLANEOUS POEMS.

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I. TEMPEST.

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Who having, unto truth, by telling of it, || Made such a sinner of his memory, || To credit his own lie,] There is, perhaps, no correlative, to which the word it can with grammatical propriety belong. Lie, however, seems to have been the correlative to which the poet meant to refer, and the meaning is, Who having made his memory such a sinner to truth as to credit his own lie by telling of it.=33:) He was the duke: out of the substitution,] The reader should place his emphasis on -was: but Mr. Malone reads, "he was indeed the duke."34:) (So dry he was for sway) i. e. So thirsty. = 35:) To think but nobly-] But, i. e. in this place otherwise, than. 36:) in lieu o'the premises, &c.] In lieu of, means here, in consideration of; an unusual acceptation of the word.37:)—a hint,] Hint is suggestion. 38:) That wrings mine eyes.] i. e. squeezes the water out of them. Mr. Malone reads, "mine eyes to't."=39:) — deck'd the sea-] To deck the sea, if explained to honour, adorn, or dignify, is indeed ridiculous, but the original import of the verb deck, is to cover; so, in some parts, they yet say deck the table. This sense may be borne, but perhaps the poet wrote fleck'd, which I think is still used in rustic language, of drops falling upon water. Dr. Warburton reads mock'd; the Oxford edition, brack'd. JOHNSON. To deck signifies in the North, to sprinkle; and degg'd, which means the same, is in daily use in the north of England. When clothes that have been washed are too much dried, it is necessary to moisten them before they can be ironed, which is always done by sprinkling; this operation the maidens universally call degging.=40:) An undergoing stomach,] Stomach is stubborn resolution.=41:) Some food we had, and some fresh water, that || A noble Neapolitan, Gonzalo, || Out of his charity, (who being then appointed Master of this design,) did give us;] Mr. Steevens has suggested, that we might better read he being then appointed; and so we should certainly now write: but the reading of the old copy is the true one, that mode of phraseology being the idiom of Shakspeare's time. MALONE. I have left the passage in question as I found it, though with slender reliance on its integrity. STEEVENS. = 42:) Now I arise:] Perhaps these words belong to Miranda, and we should read: Mir. Would I might | But ever see that man! - Now I arise. || Pro. Sit still, and hear the last of our sea-sorrow. As the words

ACTI.=1:)-fall to't yarely,] i. e. readily, nimbly. Our author is frequent in his use of this word. 2:) Play the men.] i. e. act with spirit, behave like men. = 3:) - of the present,] i. e. of the present instant.=4:) Gonzalo.] It may be observed of Gonzalo, that, being the only good man that appears with the king, he is the only man that preserves his cheerfulness in the wreck, and his hope on the island. JOHN SON.5:)-bring her to try with main-course.] This phrase occurs in Smith's Sea Grammar, 1627, 4to. under the article How to handle a Ship in a Storme: "Let us lie at Trie with our main course; that is, to hale the tacke aboord, the sheat || close aft, the boling set up, and the helme tied close aboord." STEEVENS.: = 6:)-an unstanched wench.] Unstanched, perhaps incontinent. = 7:) Lay her a-hold, a-hold:] i. e. bring her to lie as near the wind as she can, in order to keep clear of the land, and get her out to sea. 8:) set her two courses; off to sea again,] The courses are the main-sail and fore-sail. = = 9:) merely in this place signifies absolutely. STEEVENS. 10:) to glut him.] Shakspeare probably wrote, t'englut him, to swallow him. In this signification englut, from engloutir, Fr., occurs frequently. Yet Milton writes glutted offal for swallowed, and, therefore, perhaps, the present text may stand. =11:) Mercy on us! &c. Farewell, brother! &c.] It is probable that the lines succeeding the confused noise within should be considered as spoken by no determinate characters. 12:) - an acre of barren ground; long heath, brown furze, &c.] Sir T. Hanmer reads-ling, heath, broom, furze. Perhaps rightly, though he has been charged with tautology.=13:) creatures in her,] The old copy reads creature; but the preceding as well as subsequent words of Miranda seem to demand the emendation suggested first by Theobald. 14:) — or e'er-] i. e. before. 15:) Pro. No harm.] Perhaps Shakspeare wrote, O, woe the day! no harm? To which Prospero properly answers: I have done nothing but in care of thee. JOHNSON. 16:)-more better-] This ungrammatical expression is very frequent among our oldest writers. = 17:) - full poor cell,] i. e. a cell in a great degree of poverty, 18:) Did never meddle with my thoughts.] i. e. mix with them. To meddle, means also, to interfere, to trouble, to busy itself. 19:) virtue of compassion-] Virtue; the most effica-"now I arise"-may signify, "now I rise in my narration," cious part, as, the virtue of a plant is in the extract. = "now my story heightens in its consequence," I have left 20:) no soul-] Such interruptions are not uncommon to the passage in question undisturbed. We still say, that the Shakspeare. He sometimes begins a sentence, and, before interest of a drama rises or declines. STEEVENS. 43:) Now he concludes it, entirely changes its construction, because my dear lady,] i. e. now my auspicious mistress. = = 44:)· another, more forcible, occurs. As this change frequently 'tis a good dulness,] Dr. Warburton rightly observes, that happens in conversation, it may be suffered to pass uncen- this sleepiness, which Prospero by his art had brought upon sured in the language of the stage. STEEVENS. 21:) Out Miranda and of which he knew not how soon the effect three years old.fi. e. Quite three years old.=22:)-abysm would begin, makes him question her so often whether she of time?] i. e. Abyss. This method of spelling the word is is attentive to his story. JOHNSON. = 45:) On the curl'd common to other ancient writers. They took it from the clouds;] So, in Timon-crisp heaven.: 46:)—and all his French abysme, now written abime. 23:) Twelve years quality.] i, e. all his confederates.=47:) Perform'd to point-] since, Miranda, twelve years since,] Years, in the first in- i. e. to the minutest article; a literal translation of the stance, is used as a dissyllable, in the second as a monosyl- French phrase à point. = 48:) now on the beak,] The lable; a licence not peculiar to the prosody of Shakspeare. beak was a strong pointed body at the head of the ancient 24:) A princess; -no worse issued.] The old copy reads gallies: it is used here for the forecastle, or the boltsprit. -"And princess." For the trivial change in the text I am JOHNSON. 49:) Now in the waist,] The part between the answerable. Issued is descended. STEEVENS. 25:)-teen-] quarter-deck and the forecastle. JOHNSON. 50:) Someis sorrow, grief, trouble. =26:) To trash for over-topping;]|| times, I'd divide, || And burn in many places;] Burton says, To trash, in old books of gardening, is to cut away the su- that the spirits of fire, in form of fire-drakes and blazing perfluities. It is used, also, by sportsmen in the North, when stars, "oftentimes sit on shipmasts," Ac. Melanch. P. I. § 2. they correct a dog for misbehaviour in pursuing the game. p. 30. edit. 1632. WARTON. = = 51:) Yea, his dread trident A trash, among hunters, denotes a piece of leather, couples, shake.] Lest the metre should appear defective, it is necesor any other weight fastened round the neck of a dog, when sary to apprize the reader, that in some counties, shake is his speed is superior to the rest of the pack; i. e. when he still pronounced by the common people as if it was written over-tops them, when he hunts too quick.27:) - both the shaake, a dissyllable. FARMER. 52:)—and quit the vessel,] key-] This is meant of a key for turning the harpsichord, Quit, for quilted. =53:)-sustaining- i. e. their garments spinnet, or virginal; called now a tuning hammer. = =28:) that bore them up and supported them; or their garments "get all hearts i'th' state," . MALONE. 29:) I pray thee, which bore, without being injured, the drenching of the sea. mark me.] ln the old copy, these words are the beginning =54:) The epithet here applied to the Bermudas, will be of Prospero's next speech; but, for the restoration of metre, best understood by those who have seen the chafing of the I have changed their place. STEEVENS. Mr. Malone follows sea over the rugged rocks by which they are surrounded, the old copy. 30:) "dedicated"- MALONE. 31:) Like a and which render access to them so dangerous. It was in good parent, &c.] Alluding to the observation, that a father our poet's time the current opinion, that Bermudas was inabove the common rate of men has commonly a son below habited by monsters, and devils. — Setebos, the god of Caliit. Heroum filii noxæ. JOHNSON. 32:) — like one, ban's dam, was an American devil, worshipped by the

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him that doth fade, || But doth suffer a sea-change-] Every
thing about him, that is liable to alteration, is changed. =
74:) The same burden to a song occurs in The Merchant of
Venice. It should here be-Ding-dong, ding-dong, ding-
dong, bell.=75:) Ariel's lays, however seasonable and eff-
cacious, must be allowed to be of no supernatural digaity
or eloquence; they express nothing great, nor reveal any
thing above mortal discovery. JOHNSON. 76:) That the earth
owes:] To owe, in this place, as well as many others, signi-
fies to own. 77:) The fringed curtains, &c.] The same ex-
pression occurs in Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1609:
her eyelids Begin to part their fringes of bright gold."
78:) "It goes on, I see," - MALONE. =79:) If you be mede
or no?] Some copies read maid, and the critics are not fully
agreed in their opinions. Mr. M. Mason says, "The question
is, whether our readers will adopt a natural and simple ex-
pression, which requires no comment, or one which the in-
genuity of many commentators has but imperfectly supported."
80:) And his brave son, being twain.] This is a slight
forgetfulness. Nobody was lost in the wreck, yet we find no
such character as the son of the duke of Milan. THEODAID.
81:)-controul thee,] Confute, or unanswerably contradict
thee.=82:) I fear you have done yourself some wrong
i. e. I fear that, in asserting yourself to be king of Naples,
you have uttered a falsehood, which is below your character,
and, consequently, injurious to your honour. STEKVENS. =
83:) He's gentle, and not fearful.] Fearful signifies both ter-
rible and timorous. In this place it may mean timorous; er
it may signify formidable, as in K. Hen. IV: “A mighty
and a fearful head they are." and then the meaning of the
passage is obvious. One of the original meanings, if not the
sole meaning, of the word gentle is, noble, highminded: and
to this day a Scotch woman in the situation of the young 1
lady in The Tempest, would express herself nearly in the
same terms. Don't provoke him; for being gentle, that is,
highspirited, he won't tamely bear an insult. — 84:) — come
from thy ward;] Desist from any hope of awing me by that
posture of defence. JOHNSON.=85:) My spirits, as in a dream,
are all bound up.] Alluding to a common sensation in dreams;
when we struggle, but cannot run, strike, &c. WARBURTON
present, with all allowance for poetical licence, cannot be
reconciled to grammar. I suspect that our author wrote-
"were but light to me," in the sense of-would be. In the
preceding line the old

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The emendation was made by Mr. Sor this man's" threats.

Mr. Steevens. MALONS.=

giants of Patagonia. HENLEY. = 55:)—the Mediterranean Hote,] Flote is wave. 55:) Dost thou forget-] That the character and conduct of Prospero may be understood, something must be known of the system of enchantment, which supplied all the marvellous found in the romances of the middle ages. This system seems to be founded on the opinion that the fallen spirits, having different degrees of guilt, had different habitations' allotted them at their expulsion, some being confined in hell, some (as Hooker, who delivers the opinion of our poet's age, expresses it,) dispersed in air, some on earth, some in water, others in caves, dens, or minerals under the earth. Of these, some were more malignant and mischievous than others. The earthy spirits seem to have been thought the most depraved, and the aerial the less vitiated. Thus Prospero observes of Ariel: thou wast a spirit too delicate || To act her earthy and abhorr'd commands. Over these spirits a power might be ob tained by certain rights performed or charms learned. This power was called The black art, or knowledge of enchantment. The enchanter being, (as king James observes in his Demonology,) one who commands the devil, whereas the witch serves him. The art was held by all, though not equally criminal, yet unlawful, and, therefore, Casaubon, speaking of one who had commerce with spirits, blames him, though he imagines him one of the best kind, who dealt with them by way of command. Thus Prosperó repents of his art in the last scene. The spirits were always considered as in some measure enslaved to the enchanter, at least for a time, and as serving with unwillingness; therefore Ariel so often begs for liberty; and Caliban observes, that the spirits serve Prospero with no good will, but hate him rootedly. JOHNSON. 57:) in Argier.] Argier is the ancient English name for Algiers, 58:) — to a nymph o'the sea;] There does not appear to be sufficient cause why Ariel should assume this new shape, as he was to be invisible to all eyes but those of Prospero. STEEVENS. Mr. Malone arranges these lines thus: "Go make thyself like a nymph o'the sea; be subject To no sight but thine and mine: invisible To every eye ball else. Go, take this shape, | And hither come in't, go, hence, with diligence."=59:) The strangeness Why should a wonderful story produce sleep? 186:)-are but light to me,] This passage, as it stands at believe experience will prove, that any violent agitation of the mind easily subsides in slumber, especially when, as in Prospero's relation, the last images are pleasing, JOHNSON. The poet seems to have been apprehensive that the audience, as well as Miranda, would sleep over this long but necessary tale, and, therefore, strives to break it. First, by making Prospero divest himself of his magic robe and wand: then by waking her attention no less than six times by verbal interruption: then by varying the action when he rises and bids her continue sitting and lastly, by carrying on the business of the fable while Miranda sleeps, by which she is continued on the stage till the poet has occasion for her again. WARNER. = 60:) We cannot miss him:] that is, we cannot do without him. 61:) Cal. As wicked dew-] Wicked, having baneful qualities.=62:) — urchins —] i. e. hedgehogs; or perhaps, here, fairies.=63:)--for that vast of night that they may work,] The vast of night means the night which is naturally empty and deserted, without action; or when all things lying in sleep and silence, makes the world appear one great uninhabited waste. Vastum is likewise the ancient law term for waste, uncultivated land. It should be remembered, that, in the pneumatology of former ages, these particulars were settled with the most minute exactness, and the different kinds of visionary beings had different allotments of time suitable to the variety or consequence of their employments. During these spaces, they were at liberty to act, but were always obliged to leave off at a certain hour, that they might not interfere in that portion of night which belonged to others. 64:) Oho, Oho!] This savage exclamation was originally and constantly appropriated by the writers of our ancient Mysteries and Moralities, to the Devil; and has, in this instance, been transferred to his descend ant Caliban. STEEVENS. = 65:) --when thou didst not, savage, Know thine own meaning,] By this expression, however defective, the poet seems to have meant - When thou didst utter sounds, to which thou hadst no determinate meaning. 66:)-But thy vile race,] Race, in this place, seems to signify original disposition, inborn qualities. — 67:) -the red plague rid you.] The erysipelas was anciently called the red plague. The word rid, means to destroy.= 68:) my dam's god, Setebos,] Mr. Warner has observed, on the authority of John Barbot, that "the Patagons are reported to dread a great horned devil called Setebos." We learn from Magellan's voyage, that Setebos was the supreme god of the Patagons, and Cheleule was an inferior one. Setebos is also mentioned in Hackluyt's Voyages, 1598.69:) Reenter Ariel invisible,] In the wardrobe of the lord admiral's men (i. e. company of comedians,) 1598, was-"a robe for to goo invisebell." 70:) Court'sied when you have, and kiss'd,] As was anciently done at the beginning of some dances.71:) Weeping again the king my father's wreck,] Thus the old copy; but in the books of Shakspeare's age again is sometimes printed instead of against, [i. e. opposite to,] which Mr. Malone thinks was our author's word. 72:) Full fathom five thy father lies; &c.] The songs in this play, Dr. Wilson, who reset and published two of them, tells us, in his Court Ayres, or Ballads, published at Oxford, 1660, that "Full fathom five," and "Where the bee sucks," had been first set by Robert Johnson, a composer contemporary with Shakspeare. BURNEY.=73:) Nothing of

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ACT II. =1:)- Our hint of woe-] Hint is that which recalls to the memory; or here it may mean-circumstance. 2:) The masters of some merchant, &c.] Thus the old copy. If the passage be not corrupt, (as I suspect it is,) we must suppose that by masters our author means the owners of a merchant ship, or the officers to whom the navigation of it had been trusted, I suppose, however, that our author wrote "The mistress of some merchant," &c. Mistress was anciently spelt-maistresse or maistres. Hence, perhaps, arese the present typographical error. STEEVENS.=3:) Have just our theme of woe: but for the miracle,] The words of wee. appear to me as an idle interpolation. STEEVENS.=4) The visitor-] Why Dr. Warburton should change visitor to riser, for adviser, I cannot discover. Gonzalo gives not only advice but comfort, and is therefore properly called the visitor, like others who visit the sick or distressed to give them cossolation. In some of the Protestant churches there is a kind of officers termed consolators for the sick. JOHNSON. = 5)— you've pay'd.] The meaning is this: Antonio lays a wager with Sebastian, that Adrian would crow before Gonzalo, and the wager was a laughter. Adrian speaks first, so Autonie is the winner. Sebastian laughs at what Adrian had said, and Antonio immediately acknowledges that by his laughing he has paid the bet. 6:) and delicate temperance.] er temperature. =7:) Temperance was a delicate wench.] In the puritanical times it was usual to christen children from the titles of religious and moral virtues. 8:) How lush, &c] t Lush here signifies rank; but it appears to have sometimes signified juicy, succulent. Spencer, in his Shepheard's Colender, (Feb.) applies the epithet lusty to green =9) With an eye of green in't.] An eye is a small shade of colour,

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10:)-Claribel-] This name is probably taken from bl. L History of George Lord Faukonbridge. CLARIBEL is there the concubine of king Richard 1., and the mother of lord Falconbridge. 11:) - Widow Dido!] The name of a widow brings to their minds their own shipwreck, which they consider as having made many widows in Naples. JouxsoN.= 12:)-the miraculous harp.] Alluding to the wonders of Am phion's music, STEEVENS.13:) The stomach of my sense:] By sense, is meant both reason and natural affection. Mr. M. Mason, however, supposes, sense, in this place, means feeling. STEEVENS 14:) Weigh'd,] Weigh'd means del berated. 15:) Than we bring men to comfort them:] It does not clearly appear whether the king and these lords i thought the ship lost. This passage seems to imply, that they were themselves confident of returning, but imagined part of the fleet destroyed. Why, indeed, should Sebastian plot against his brother in the following scene, unless he knew how to find the kingdom which he was to inherit. Jouxsex.

16:) Mr. Malone reads thus: "Letters should not be known: riches, poverty, And use of service, none; contract, suecession, || Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none;' =17:) The latter end of his commonwealth forgets the be

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I have no long spoon.] Alluding to the proverb, A long spoon to eat with the devil. 55:)-to be the siege of this mooncalf? Siege signifies stool in every sense of the word, and is here used in the dirtiest. A moon-calf is an inanimate shapeless mass, supposed by Pliny to be engendered of woman only. 56:) Ste. Here; swear then how thou escap'dst.] Mr. Ritson proposes to alter this line thus: Ste. [to Cal.] Here, swear then. [to Trin.] How escap'dst thou?=57:) Hast thou not dropped from heaven?] The new-discovered Indians of the island of St. Salvador, asked, whether Columbus and his companions were not come down from heaven? = 58:) "and thy dog, and thy bush." MALONE. 59:) I afeard of him? a very weak monster: &c.] It is to be observed, that Trinculo, the speaker, is not charged with being afraid; but it was his consciousness that he was so that drew this brag from him. This is nature. WARBURTON.=60:) "And 1 will kiss". MALONE. 61:) sea-mells-] This word has puzzled the commentators: Dr. Warburton reads shamois; Mr. Holt, who wrote notes upon this play, observes, that limpets are in some places called scams. Theobald had very reasonably proposed to read sea-malls or sea-mells. = 62:) Get a new man.] When Caliban sings this last part of his ditty, he must be supposed to turn his head scornfully toward the cell of Prospero, whose service he had deserted.

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giraning.] All this dialogue is a fine satire on the Utopian treatises of government, and the impracticable inconsistent schemes therein recommended. WARBURTON. There is something so strikingly applicable to modern times in this text ancl note, that the Editor could not persuade himself to omit the latter, although unnecessary in other respects. C.=18:) - any engine,] any instrument of war, or military machine. 19:)—all foizou,] Foison, or foizon, signifies plenty, ubertas: and sometimes moisture, or juice of grass.=20) Enter Ariel, &c. playing solemn music.] This stage-direction does not mean to tell us that Ariel himself was the fidicen; but that solemn music attended his appearance, or was an accompaniment to his entry. STEEVENS. = 21:)' I am more serious than my custom: you || Must be so too, if heed me; which to do, Trebles thee o'er.] The meaning of this pas sage seems to be- You must put on more than your usual seriousness, if you are disposed to pay a proper attention to my proposal; which attention if you bestow, it will in the eud make you thrice what you are. Sebastian is already brother to the throne; but, being made a king by Antonio's contrivance, would be, (according to our author's idea of great- || ness,) thrice the man he was before. In this sense he would be trebled o'er. MALONE. 22:) If you but knew, how you the purpose cherish, || Whiles thus you mock it! how, in stripping it, You more invest it! A judicious critic, in The Edinburgh Magazine, for Nov. 1786, offers the following illustration of this obscure passage. "Sebastian introduces the ACT III. 1:) "and their," &c. MALONE. = 2:) "as simile of water. It is taken up by Antonio, who says he will odious ;" MALONE. 3:) I forget:] Perhaps Ferdinand teach his stagnant water to flow. It has already learned means to say I forget my task; but that is not surprizing, to ebb,' says Sebastian. To which Antonio replies. O, if you for I am thinking on Miranda, and these sweet thoughts, but knew how much even that metaphor which you use in &c. He may, however, mean, that he forgets or thinks little jest, encourages to the design which Ihint at; how, in strip- of the baseness of his employment. Whichsoever be the ping the words of their common meaning, and using them sense, And, or For, should seem more proper in the next line figuratively, you adapt them to your own situation!" STEE- than But. MALONE.4:) "And yours it is against." MALONE. VENS. 23:) - this lord of weak remembrance,] This lord, = 5:)—hest-] For behest; i. c. command = 6:) "I therein who being now in his dotage, has outlived his faculty of re- do forget." MALONE. 7:) The flesh-fly blow my mouth.] To membering; and who, once laid in the ground, shall be as blow means the act of a fly, by which she lodges eggs in little remembered himself, as he can now remember other flesh. STEEVENS. 8:) of what else i'the world,] i. e. of things. JOHNSON.=24:) Mr. Malone reads, (For he's a spirit || "aught else, of whatsoever else there is in the world. = 9:) of persuasion, only || Professes to persuade;)-] It is an en- I am a fool, To weep at what I am glad of.] This is tangled sentence of which the meaning may be either, that one of those touches of nature that distinguish Shakspeare he alone, who is a spirit of persuasion, professes to perfrom all other writers. It was necessary, in support of the suade the king; or that, He only professes to persuade, that character of Miranda, to make her appear unconscious that is, without being so persuaded himself he makes a show of excess of sorrow and excess of joy find alike their relief from persuading the king. JOHNSON.25:)-a wink beyond,] That tears; and as this is the first time that consummate pleasure this is the utmost extent of the prospect of ambition, the had made any near approaches to her heart, she calls such point where the eye can pass no farther, and where objects a seeming contradictory expression of it, folly. STEEVENS. jose their distinctness, so that what is there discovered is 10:) your fellow - i. e. companion. =11:)-- here's my faint, obscure, and doubtful. JONHSON.=26:)—beyond man's || hand.|| Mira. And mine with my heart in't :] It is still customlife; i. c. at a greater distance than the life of man is long ary in the west of England, when the conditions of a barenough to reach. STEEVENS 27:) she that from Na- gain are agreed upon, for the parties to ratify it by joining ples Can have no note, &c] Note is notice, or information. Their hands, and at the same time for the purchaser to give Shakspeare's great ignorance of geography is not more con- an earnest. HENLEY.=12:) So glad of this as they, I canspicuous in any instance than in this, where he supposes Tu not be, Who are surpriz'd with all;] The sense might be nis and Naples to have been at such an immeasurable dis- clearer, were we to make a slight transposition: "So glad tance from each other. = 28:) she, from whom-] i. e. in of this as they, who are surpriz`d || With all, I cannot be—" coming from whom.=29:)—though some cast again;] Cast Perhaps, however, more consonantly with ancient language, is here used in the same sense as in Macbeth, Act II, sc. iii.: we should join two of the words together, and read-"Who "though he took my legs from me, I made a shift to cast are surpriz'd withal." STEEVENS. 13:)— bear up, and board him. STEEVENS.30:) And, by that, destin'd-] It is a com- 'em:] A metaphor alluding to a chace at sea. == 14:) -- or mon plea of wickedness to call temptation destiny. JOHNSON. my standard. Trin. Your lieutenant, if you list; he's no Mr. Malone reads destiny.=31:) In yours and my discharge.] standard.] Meaning he is so much intoxicated, as not to be i. e. depends on what you and I are to perform. = 32:) A able to stand. The quibble between standard, an ensign, chough Is a bird of the jack-daw kind.=83:) And melt, and standard, a fruit-tree that grows without support, is ere they molest!] 1 had rather read-Would melt, ere they evident. STEEVENS. = 15:) thou deboshed fish thou,] the molest, i. e. Twenty consciences, such as stand between me same as debauched. 16:) "to the suit."- MALONE. = = 17:) and my hopes, though they were congealed, would melt be- -a tyrant;] Tyrant is here employed as a trisyllable. fore they could molest me, or prevent the execution of my 18:) What a pied ninny's this?] It should be remembered purposes. JOHNSON. 34:) "he's like, that's dead:"- MA- that Trinculo is no sailor, but a jester; and is so called in LONE.35:)-for aye-] i. e. for ever.= 36:) This ancient the ancient dramatis persone. He therefore wears the partymorsel,] For morsel, Dr. Warburton_reads― ancient moral, coloured dress of one of these characters. STEEVENS. Dr. very elegantly and judiciously; yet I know not whether the Johnson observes, that Caliban could have no knowledge of author might not write morsel, as we say a piece of a man. the striped coat usually worn by fools; and would therefore JOHNSON.37:)—take suggestion,] i. e. Receive any hint of transfer this speech to Stephano. But though Caliban might villainy.88:)-to keep them living.] By them, as the text not know this circumstance, Shakspeare did. Surely he who now stands, Gonzalo and Alonzo must be understood. Dr. has given to all countries and all ages the manners of his Johnson objects very justly to this passage, and would read own, might forget himself here, as well as in other places. "That these his friends are in." This Mr. Steevens adopts, MALONE. 19:)- Remember, || First to possess his books; but Mr. Malone reads, "That you, his friend, are in."=39:) for without them || He's but a sot, as I am,] In the old rodrawn?] Having your swords drawn. 40:) "Tis best we mances the sorcerer is always furnished with a book, by stand," &c. MALONE. = 41:) — that moe, &c.] i. e. make reading certain parts of which he is enabled to summon to mouths.42:) Their pricks – i. e. prickles.=43:)—wound his aid whatever demons or spirits he has occasion to emwith adders, wound, or twisted about. =44:) - looks like a ploy. When he is deprived of his book, his power ceases. foul bumbard-] This word means a large vessel for hold- Our author might have observed this circumstance much inlag drink, as well as the piece of ordnance so called.=45:) sisted on in the Orlando Innamorato of Boyarde; and also this fish painted,] To exhibit fishes, either real or ima in Harrington's translation of the Orlando Furioso, 1591. ginary, was very common about the time of our author. 20:) "I never saw a woman," MALONE. 21:) - Will you STEEVENS. 46:) make a man;] That is, make a man's troll the catch-] To troll a catch, is to dismiss it trippingly fortune. 47:) - his gaberdine;] A gaberdine is properly the from the tongue.22:) This is the tune of our catch, played coarse frock or outward garment of a peasant, but here by the picture of No-body.] A ridiculous figure, sometimes means a loose felt cloak. MALONE. 48:) savages,] sal- represented on sigus, but the allusion is here to the print of vages was the spelling and pronunciation of the time.=49:) || No-body, prefixed to the anonymous comedy of "No-body too much-] Too much means any sum, ever so much. It and Some-body;" without date, but printed before the year has, however, been observed, that when the vulgar mean to 1600. = 23:)—afeard?] To affear is an obsolete verb, with ask an extravagant price for any thing, they say, with a the same meaning as to affray. Between aferde and afraide laugh, I won't make him pay twice for it. = = 50:) I know in the time of Chaucer, there might have been some nice it by thy trembling;] This tremor is always represented as distinction, which is at present lost. STEEVENS. 24:) Wilt the effect of being possessed by the devil. = 51:) — cat ;] come? I'll follow, Stephano.] The first words are addressed Good liquor will make a cat speak.=52:) His forward voice, to Caliban, who, vexed at the folly of his new companions &c.] The person of Fame was anciently described in this idly running after the music, while they ought only to have manner. =53:)- Amen!] Means, stop your draught.=54:) | attended to the main point, the dispatching Prospero, scems,

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for some little time, to have staid behind. HEATH. The words Wilt come? should be added to Stephano's speech. I'll follow, is Trinculo's answer. RITSON. 25:) By'r lakin,] i. e. The diminutive only of our lady, i. e. ladykin. STEEVENS. 26:) Our frustrate search-] Frustrate for frustrated. : 27:) A living drollery:] Shows, called drolleries, were in Shakspeare's time periormed by puppets only. From these our modern drolls, exhibited at fairs, &c. took their name. A living drollery, i, e. a drollery not represented by wooden machines, but by personages who are alive. 28:)—one tree, the phoenix' throne;] Our poet had probably Lyly's Euphues, and his England, particularly in his thoughts: signat. Q 3. "As there is but one phoenix in the world, so is there but one tree in Arabia wherein she buildeth." See also, Florio's Italian Dictionary, 1598: "Rasin, a tree in Arabia, whereof there is but one found, and upon it the phenix sits." MALONE.= =29:) For, ceries, &c.] Certes is an obsolete word, signifying certainly. = 30:) Their manners are more gentlekind, Mr. Malone reads "gentle, kind;" but Steevens considers it as a compound epithet. 31:)too much muse,] To muse, in ancient language, is to admire, to wonder. = 32) Praise in departing.] i, e. Do not praise your entertainment too soon, lest you should have reason to retract your commendation. It is a proverbial saying.=33:)—that there were mountaineers, &c.] The inhabitants of the Alps have been long accustomed to such excrescences or tumours. = 34:) --men, Whose heads stood in their breasts?] Our author might have had this intelligence from the translation of Pliny, b. v. chap. 8: "The Blemmyi, by report, have no heads, but mouth and eyes both in their breasts.' STEEVENS. 35) Each putter out, &c.] In this age of travelling, it was a practice with those who engaged in long and hazardous expeditions, to place out a sum of money on condition of receiving great interest for it at their return home."on five for one," means on the terms of five for one. Mr. Malone reads "_ of five for one."=36:) I will stand to, and feed, &c.] This passage was probably intended to be in a rhyme.37:)—and, with a quaint device, the banquet vanishes.] Though I will not undertake to prove that all the culinary pantomimes exhibited in France and Italy were known and imitated in this kingdom, I may observe that flying, rising, and descending services were to be found at entertainments given by the duke of Burgundy, &c. in 1453, and by the grand Duke of Tuscany in 1600, &c. See M. Le Grand d'Aussi's Histoire de la Vie privée des François, vol. iii. p. 294. &c. Examples, therefore, of machinery similar to that of Shakspeare in the present instance, were to be met with, and perhaps had been adopted on the stage, as well as at public festivals here in England. STEEVENS. 38:) (That hath to instrument this lower world, &c.] i. e. that makes use of this world, and every thing in it, as its instruments to bring about its ends. 39:) One dowle that's in my plume;] Bailey, in his dictionary, says that dowle is a feather, or rather, the single particles of the down.40:) - clear life—] Pure, blameless, innocent. 41:) -- is nothing, but heart's sorrow, And a clear life ensuing.] that is - a miserable fate, which nothing but contrition and amendment of life can avert. MALONE.= 42:) with mops and mowes,-] To mowe, i. e. to insult, by making mouths, or wry faces.43:) with good life,] With good life may mean, with exact presentation of their several characters, with observation strange of their particular and distinct parts, or with honest alacrity, or cheerfulness. 44:) Their several kinds have done:] i. c. have discharged the several functions allotted to their different natures. = 45:) - bass my trespass.] The deep pipe told it me in a rough bass sound. JOHNSON.46:) And with him there lie mudded. But one fiend-] with him, and but, are probably playhouse interpolations.= 47:) Like poison given, &c.] The natives of Africa have been supposed to be possessed of the secret how to temper poisons with such art as not to operate till several years after they were administered. 48:) this ecstacy-] Ecstacy meant not anciently, as at present, rapturous pleasure, but alienation of mind.=

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ACTIV. 1:)- a thread of mine own life,] i. e. a fibre or a part of my own life. Prospero considers himself as the stock or parent-tree, and his daughter as a fibre or portion of himself, and for whose benefit he himself lives. TOLLEt. 2:)-strangely stood the test:] Strangely is used by way of commendation, merveilleusement, to a wonder. = 3:) If thou dost break her virgin knot before | All sanctimonious ceremonies, &c.] This is a manifest allusion to the zones of the ancients which were worn as guardians of chastity by marriageable young women. HENLEY.4:) No sweet aspersion] Aspersion is here used in its primitive sense of sprinkling. At present it is expressive only of calumny and detraction. STEEVENS. 5:) Fairly spoke:] Fairly is here used as a trisyllable. 6:) - the rabble,] The crew of meaner spirits. 7:) Some vanity of mine art;] i. e. illusion of mine art.8:)-bring a corollary,] i. e. bring more than are sufficient rather than fail for want of numbers. Corollary means surplus.=9:) No tongue;] Those who are present at incan tations are obliged to be strictly silent, "else," as we are afterwards told, the "spell is marred." JOHNSON. = 10:) thatch'd with stover,] Stover, (in Cambridgeshire and other counties,) signifies hay made of coarse rank grass, such as even cows will not eat while it is green. Stover is likewise used as thatch for cart-lodges, and other buildings that deserve but rude and cheap coverings.=11:) Thy banks with

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peonied and lilied brims,] The old edition reads pioned and twilled brims, which gave rise to Mr. Holt's conjecture, that the poet originally wrote: "with pioned and tilled brims.” Peonied is the emendation of Hanmer, but Mr. Malone adheres to the old edition. 12:) and thy broom groves, Broom, in this place, signifies the Spartium scoparium, of which brooms are frequently made. Near Gamlingay, in Can bridgeshire, it grows high enough to conceal the tallest catte as they pass through it; and in places where it is cultivates, still higher. 13:) Being lass-lorn;] Lass-lorn is tersair of his mistress.=14:)-ihy pole-clipt vineyard;] To clip to twine round or embrace. The poles are clipped or braced by the vines. 15:) My bosky acres, &c.] Bosky s woody. Bosky acres are fields divided from each other by hedge-rows. Boscus is middle Latin for wood. 16:) this short-grass'd green?] The old copy reads short grass'i green. Short graz'd green means grazed so as to be short, =17:) Earth's increase, and foison plenty, &c.] Earth's increase, is the produce of the earth: - foison, plenty, i. e plenty to the utmost abundance; foison signifying plenty.= 18:) a wonder'd father,] i. e. able to perform wonders: 19:)-wand ring brooks,] The modern editors read — winding brooks. The old copy-windring. STEEVENS. = 20) Lear your crisp channels, Crisp, i. e. curling, winding. Crup however, may allude to the little wave or curl (as it is can monly called) that the gentlest wind occasions on the surface of waters. STEEVENS.=21:) This is most strange:) Malone reads: "This is strange:" I have introduced the word -most, on account of the metre, which otherwise is defective. -In the first line of Prospero's next speech there is likewise an omission, but I have not ventured to supply it. STIKVENS. 22:)-all which it inherit,] i. e. all who possess, whe dwell upon it. MALONE. 23:) And, like this insubstantiai pageant faded,] Faded means here-having vanished; fren the Latin, vado. To feel the justice of this comparison, and the propriety of the epithet, the nature of these exhibitions should be remembered. The ancient English pageants were shows exhibited on the reception of a prince, or any other solemnity of a similar kind. They were presented on sccasional stages erected in the streets. Originally they appear to have been nothing more than dumb shows; but before the time of our author, they had been enlivened by the intreduction of speaking personages, who were characteristically habited. The speeches were sometimes in verse; and as the procession moved forward, the speakers, who constantly bore some allusion to the ceremony, either conversed together in the form of a dialogue, or addressed the noble person whose presence occasioned the celebrity. On these allegorical speciacles very costly ornaments were bestowed. = 24:) Lease not a rack behind:] "The winds (says lord Bacon) which move the clouds above, which we call the rack, and are not perceived below, pass without noise." Mr. Steevens would explain the word rack somewhat differently, by calling is the last fleeting vestige of the highest clouds, searce perceptible on account of their distance and tenuity. What was anciently called the rack, is now termed by sailors — the scud. The word is common to many authors comtemporary with Shakspeare. But sir Thomas Hanmer reads traet. for which there are some authorities; and Mr. Malone wrack, a mispelling for wreck; and after producing authorities, says, it has been urged, that "objects which have only a visionary and insubstantial existence, can, when the vision is faded, leave nothing real, and consequently no wreck behind them." But the objection is founded on misapprehension. The wares "Leave not a rack (or wreck) behind," relate not to the baseless fabric of this vision," but to the final destruction of the world, of which the towers, temples, and palaces, sha.. (like as vision, or a pageant,) be dissolved, and leave ne vestige behind.=25:) Thy thoughts I cleave to:] To cleare to, is to unite with closely.=26:)-to meet with Caliban.] To meet with is to counteract; to play stratagem against stratagem. = = 27:) — pricking goss,] I know not how Shaispeare distinguished goss from jurze; for what he calls furat is called goss or gorse in the midland counties. STEEVENS By the latter, Shakspeare means the low sort of gorse that only grows upon wet ground, and which is well described by the name of whins in Markham's Farewell to Husbandry. It has prickles like those of a rose-tree or a gooseberry TOLLET.=28:) For stale to catch these thieves.] Stale is word in fowling, and is used to mean a bait or decoy to catch birds. STEEVENS.29:) Nurture can never stick ;) Sur ture is education. 30:) all, all lost,] The first of these words was probably introduced by the carelessness of the transcriber or compositor. We might safely read are ali lost, MALONE.=31:) And as, with age, his body uglier grove,

So his mind cankers:] Shakspeare, when he wrote this description, perhaps recollected what his patron's most intimate friend, the great lord Essex, in an hour of discontent, said of queen Elizabeth:-"that she grew old, and cankered, and that her mind was become as crooked as her carcase." -a speech, which, according to sir Walter Raleigh, cost him his head, and which, we may therefore suppose, was at that time much talked of. This play being written in the time ef king James, these obnoxious words might be safely repeated. MALONE. 32:) the blind mole may not Hear a foot fall:] This quality of hearing, which the mole is supposed to possess in so high a degree, is mentioned in Euphues, 4to. 1581. p.64: "Doth not the lion for strength, the turtle for love, the ant for labour, excel man? Doth not the eagle see clearer, the vulture smell better, the moale heare lightlier?" 83:)-has done little better than played the Jack

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