came early in 1854, isolation and struggle had sorely tried the temper of the faithful people and he said "he found Grace Church-the second congregation-with twenty people inside and a Sheriff outside." Such were the beginnings. And when we remember that from 1849 to 1854 there was no resident Bishop on this whole Pacific Coast and probably the fingers of the two hands would count all the clergy who had been here in any part of it and in less than seventy-five years later there are now ten Bishops in active jurisdiction with several hundred clergy and tens of thousands communicants, any broad outlook is assuring enough for Church development whatever be the serious problems and difficulties that confront us today.

It is not my purpose to deal much with statistics in these chapters and in now confining Church development more especially to that under my immediate observation in this Diocese, I suppose it is no strange thing to happen to a Bishop whose call to the office has all the credentials of being peremptory and clear, to find an exhilaration of idealism as a great and effectual door of opportunity seems opening to him in his new field, however the sense of new responsibility may temper his heart searchings with queries how he can possibly face the situation. It is a mixed condition of mind which Bishop Wilson, of Sodor and Man divined in his maxim, Dulce periculum sequi Deum. (Sweet the peril of following God.) That describes the misgiving of the peril and the conviction that the call is an irresistible leading of God and yet points a sweetness in it in leaning upon the sufficiency of God which is unquestionable. And it is part of that sweetness to feel a glow of rosy idealism at the outlook of things one would like to do. Of course some of them may be impracticable, some utopian, some premature and some bound for disappointment. It has been said that an Idealist may easily become "the victim of his ideals."

Experience verified most of these contingencies for early ideals, both on spiritual and material lines. But

some that were forecast in my annual address of 1892 over and above such pressing matters as Division of the Diocese previously noted were these: "Though perhaps the time has not yet come for the initiation of any direct steps towards them, other needs for substantial money endowments should be in our prayers and in our thoughts if we are to rise to the privileges and responsibilities of Churchmen for the times and for the opportunities of California, notably provisions for the establishment of a Training School for students in Theology and for the making a beginning of a Cathedral enterprise worthy of the Church and of the Greater San Francisco."

Again in 1895 in my Annual Address were noted: "These following specific steps seem to me to be before us to take up in the immediate future: (1) To make two Dioceses where there is now one; (2) To provide for the increase of general missionary work by Convocational effort and by general missionaries; (3) To develop city missionary work in all the larger cities by Auxiliary Committees to the Board of Missions, and (4) To increase the sense of individual responsibility in baptism for the spread of the Kingdom of Christ."

Probably the most noteworthy registration of growth was in the two Divisions of the Diocese, the setting apart of the Diocese of Los Angeles in 1895 already referred to and the creation of the District of San Joaquin in 1910. The ripeness of such action has been signally certified. Southern California has far more than fulfilled its then promise of influx of population and material prosperity. And under the able and devoted administration of its first Bishop, Bishop Johnson, and now his worthy Coadjutor, Bishop Stevens, the daughter Diocese of Los Angeles has outgrown the Mother Diocese in Church statistics. When that Division came it did not seem probable that another Division would fall in the years of my episcopate. But in 1908 it began to dawn upon me that the growth of population around San Francisco Bay, as well as in the interior

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counties of the Diocese, must be reckoned with for adequate administration. Accordingly in my Convention Address of that year I called attention to the fact that "every interest for true progress and provision dictated alertness in the matter at least to the extent of a preliminary survey of the possibilities," and a committee of clergy and laity representative of all parts of the Diocese was appointed to "study and report upon the whole question." Ample time was given for preparing the Report which was deferred and after full publicity, was presented in 1910 to the Convention preceding the General Convention from which permission and creation of a new field might be found. With virtual unanimity all steps in the Diocesan and General Conventions were taken and the District of San Joaquin marked the third Division of the original Diocese of California. At the Diocesan Convention the suggestion was made in the Report of the Committee that the name of the Mother Diocese be changed to the Diocese of San Francisco, but it failed to carry. There were now four Sees in the State where Bishop Kip came to but one in 1854. The first to be set off was the District of Northern California in 1874 under Bishop Wingfield covering the Counties of Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Sacramento, Amador and El Dorado and the counties north of them, leaving territory covered by some thirty-two counties in the old Diocese. The second Division subtracted eight counties to make the Diocese of Los Angeles. The third Division, that is the separation of the District of San Joaquin in 1910 took fourteen counties from the remaining twenty-four, leaving ten for the present Diocese of California. And that District has enjoyed the efficiency and enterprise of its first Bishop, Bishop Sanford, who with his ardent missionary spirit came as a Deacon to one of its mission fields and was there ordained by me to the Priesthood. There is every promise with its sound and steady development of its reaching Diocesan status before many years. Meanwhile, with all its depletions of area and statistics