excavate right out, I think it a very fair question of Mr. Gordon's. The fact is, the trench where the syphon is would be 26 feet deep at one end, and 11 feet at the other, for a length of 600 yards, or even more, and through solid rock. I should not like to say what the cost of excavating that rock would be.

Mr. PRITCHARD: I shall be glad if there has been any great saving effected by the syphon, and I should like to know whether the syphon was suggested by the Inspector of the Local Government Board, or whether it was the engineer's own suggestion?

Mr. WINSHIP: The syphon was first suggested by Mr. Harrison, the Government Inspector.

The PRESIDENT: You will all agree that we have had a very interesting discussion, and also that we are much indebted to Mr. Downing for his suggestion. I hope it is a suggestion that will bear fruit. It is within the knowledge of most of us that there is such an association as the Municipal Corporations Association. Most corporations, I believe, are represented in that association, either by the town clerk or by a member of the Corporation, or by both. I saw in a paper, the other day, that it had been resolved that an alderman and town clerk of a certain corporation should in future attend the meetings of the association in question. It was not said that their expenses would be paid, but there is a strong inference in that direction. I will not mention any names, but when a resolution like that is passed after solemn debate, we may fairly suppose the expenses would be paid. I consider, therefore, it would not be a very unreasonable thing to hope that our expenses in attending our annual meetings might also be paid by our Boards. I know that one Member did succeed in inducing his corporation to pay his expenses.

Mr. PARKER: That was my predecessor, and I am happy to tell you they keep up the custom.

Mr. Eayrs and other gentlemen rose and stated their expenses were paid.

Mr. COULTHURST: My expenses are paid, and I hope next year the custom will become universal.

Mr. CROSS: At Heckmondwike they not only paid the expenses of the gentleman attending, but his entrance fee and subscription every year.

The PRESIDENT: From the information that has been elicited, you will see that my remarks have not been made in vain. I think we cannot conclude without expressing our sense of the trouble

Mr. Winship has taken, and I have much pleasure in moving that formal vote of thanks to him for his paper.

we pass

This vote was duly seconded and carried unanimously, and briefly responded to by Mr. Winship.

Mr. LEMON proposed a vote of thanks to the Mayor and Corporation for the use of the Council Chamber. This was duly seconded and carried unanimously.

Mr. Councillor DOWNING replying, stated his pleasure in conveying the resolution to the Mayor.

Mr. GORDON proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the President for the very admirable manner in which he made the arrangements for the success of the meeting, and alluded to the manner he had conducted the business of the meeting as most gratifying to the Members. Mr. Vawser warmly supported this proposition, referring to Mr. White's untiring zeal in so courteously furnishing the Members with information. The proposition was carried with acclamation.

The proceedings then terminated.

On the evening of the first day the Members dined together at the Clarendon Hotel, Oxford.

On the second day the Members paid a visit to Magdalen Bridge, and inspected the works in progress there, which are described in the President's Address. Here the Members were photographed in a group by Mr. G. Coles, 161, Cowley Road, Oxford, and subsequently left for the pumping-station and Sewagefarm, which they inspected.

On the third day the party visited the Abingdon Waterworks, which were explained by Mr. Winship, and in the afternoon were conducted over the various places of interest in the University and city.

WARWICK WATER SUPPLY.

By EDWARD PRITCHARD, C.E.; F.G.S., Birmingham and London (Past President).

Ar a meeting of the Midland District Committee held at Warwick, on the 19th of April, 1876, a paper was read by the author on the above subject, but as at that date the works were in a state of incompletion, and in accordance with a promise made to the Members of the Association, at the Annual Meeting held in Oxford in 1883, the author now supplements the paper with further information relating to the supply, and also more particularly as to the construction of a syphon upon the supply main, rendered necessary as hereafter explained.

In volume iii. of the 'Proceedings' of the Association, and at pages 176 to 191, will be found a report of the proceedings of the District Meeting in question and the paper therein submitted. From a perusal of the paper, it will be found that in consequence of the very difficult nature of the subsoil at Hazeley, in connection with the construction of adits, considerable difficulty and great expense was therein incurred by the contractor for this work (Mr. G. F. Smith, of Milverton), and it is further explained therein that, as the contractor for the pipe laying (Mr. Charles Hart, of Leamington) having abandoned the work, Mr. Smith, by arrangement, became the contractor for the laying of the incomplete portion of the 12-inch diameter cast-iron main in the deep cutting near to Hazeley.

The following extract from the paper read at Warwick in 1876 will more clearly explain the reasons why it was considered necessary to stipulate for the sectional area of the excavation in the running sand:

"I have briefly alluded to the difficulties already experienced, and will simply give one or two illustrations, which will, I imagine, suffice. Although the extent of the works may have appeared small, still the contractor (to whom much credit is due for his perseverance) has been compelled to provide a plant of the value of nearly

25007. for the execution of this work; the length of planking required and supplied for piles, barrow runs, &c., representing 41,500 feet, or nearly 8 miles. Again, to sink a sump 7 feet deep by 6 feet, equal 93 cubic yards, 567. was expended for labour only, being at the rate of 67. per cubic yard. The cutting necessary for the laying of the 15-inch pipe, being 49 feet in width, although only a depth of 22 feet, will, I imagine, quite explain the fact that difficulties are being experienced."

To better illustrate the present paper, two sheets of drawings have been prepared, and a reference thereto will more clearly explain the description given.

Drawing 1: Fig. 1 shows a section of the pipe track from Hazeley to Warwick, a distance of nearly 4 miles. Fig. 2 shows a section (enlarged scale) commencing at Hazeley, and passing in the direction of Warwick, for a distance of 515 yards.

Drawing No. 2 shows details as to construction of pure-water tank and air-pumping machinery.

On the resumption of the works for laying the supply main to Warwick, the contractor commenced working at points A, B, and C (Fig. 1). A reference to the sections will show the stratification at these points as being in rocky marl, but on proceeding with the work, the contractor soon came upon a most difficult description of running sand. Although the work proceeded, under the exceptional circumstances, in a somewhat satisfactory manner, still the cost was so great that the author considered it desirable to suspend operations at points D and E and the intervening space; this he did, and the Corporation of Warwick, acting upon his advice, served the contractor with notice to vary the work, and instead of the construction of the main being in a straight line, as shown by dotted lines on section, a syphon was substituted, the short leg of the same being about 110 yards in length, the long branch representing about 1 mile in length; this syphon is of cast-iron socketed pipes, with lead joints, and is 12 inches in diameter.

The inlet to the syphon is in the pure-water tank, and formed with an ordinary bell-mouthed bend, jointed into the cast-iron pipe, and dipping below the invert level some 12 inches or thereabouts (see Figs. 5 and 6).

The vertical difference of level between the top of the syphon and the inlet to the syphon is between 9 and 10 feet, and the ordinary water level will probably be about 3 feet above the invert to the syphon, but this of course is a varying quantity determined