the sieges of Terouenne and Tournay; and, upon his return to England in 1513, defeated the Scots in the celebrated battle of Flodden-Field, James IV. their sovereign having fallen in the action. In consideration of these services, the Dukedom of Norfolk was conferred upon him in 1514, and his eldest son was in the same year created Earl of Surrey.

A peace however being at this time concluded with France, the new Earl had no opportunity of exercising his military talents till 1519, when the affairs of Ireland requiring the presence of an able general to quell the insurrections and feuds of the chiefs, he was appointed Lord Deputy of that kingdom. This office he executed with so much vigour and address, that without proceeding to any excessive severities, he suppressed the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond, humbled the O'Neals and the O'Carrols, and completely restored the public tranquillity.

Having received intelligence, that Pregent had arrived with six galleys and four tenders in Conquete Bay, and was watching an opportunity to get into Brest, he manned his only two galleys with some of his bravest men, and with two row-barges and two tenders entered the bay. A brisk gale soon bringing them along-side of the enemy, Sir Edward resolutely boarded one of the hostile galleys, accompanied only by eighteen Englishmen and one Spaniard: when the grappling-tackle unfortu nately either slipping, or being cut away, his vessel was turned adrift, and he and his few heroic followers, disdaining to submit, were pushed overboard and perished. He was succeeded in his office by his eldest brother Sir Thomas, who revenged his death upon the French, by clearing the seas so effectually of their ships, that not a vessel durst make it's appearance, He, also, ravaged the coasts of Bretagne; and for this and other services was, as above stated, created Earl of Surrey' in-1514.

* His eldest son Thomas, the subject of the present Memoir, and Edmund his third, served under him in this battle.

In 1522, he was recalled to take the command of the combined fleets of Henry VIII. and the Emperor Charles V. against France. On his first expedition to the enemy's coast, he landed some troops at Cherburg, and ravaged all the adjacent country. Shortly afterward, he invaded Bretagne; and having taken and pillaged the town of Morlaix, and burnt seventeen sail of French ships, returned to Southampton with a considerable booty. There he found Charles V., after a short visit to Henry, waiting to embark for Spain. Consigning the fleets therefore to the care of his Vice-Admiral Sir William Fitz-Williams, subsequently Earl of Southampton, with cruising orders, he himself in his own ship convoyed the Emperor to the port of St. Andero in Biscay.

In the year following, upon his father's resignation, he was made Lord High Treasurer; and was also nominated General of the army then preparing to invade Scotland. In this capacity he made such devastation in the shires of Tweedale and March, that before the end of the year the Duke of Albany, then Regent of that kingdom for James V., was glad to beg a truce of the English Monarch. About the same time, likewise, the Duke of Norfolk died, upon which his son was made Earl Marshal in his stead.

In 1524, he attended the King to France, and was sent Embassador extraordinary to Francis I., upon the occasion of that Monarch's intended interview with the Pope. For many subsequent years, his life was principally distinguished by the steady resistance, which he opposed to Cromwell's administration: but when the suppression of the monasteries had in 1537 caused an open rebellion in the North, under the name of the Pilgrimage of Grace,' he

SIBLIC

was again called forth to assist the Earl of Shrewsbury, who had the chief command in suppressing it; and thenceforward, in his quality of a courtier, he appears to have set every engine at work to ruin Cromwell. This object, through the female influence of his niece Queen Katharine Howard, and the cooperation of Gardiner Bishop of Winchester, he finally accomplished; after which, to the great joy of the Popish party, he excited the King to revive the persecution of heretics, and to enforce the observance of the Six Bloody Articles' of religion. A plot likewise was concerted to take off Archbishop Cranmer, the only champion of the Reformation still countenanced at court, of which a more ample account will be given in the Life of that illustrious prelate.

The last military service performed by the Duke of Norfolk, whom Henry denominated the Scourge of the Scots,' was his commanding an army against that nation in the latter end of the year 1542; when he again displayed fresh proofs of his talents and bravery.

But the discovery of the Queen's incontinence, which was followed by her conviction and execution in the beginning of this year, had given his enemies an opportunity, during his absence in Scotland, of filling the royal mind (now grown, through ill-health, peculiarly susceptible) with alarming suspicions. It was suggested, that Norfolk was a popular man; and that he, and his son Henry Earl of Surrey, had formed a design to seize the person of the King, to engross the administration of the government, and probably upon the strength of the statute declaring the issue of Anne Boleyn illegitimate to set aside the succession. Considering the

influence of those two noblemen with the adherents of the Popish religion, who formed the majority throughout the kingdom, a prince less subject to jealousy than Henry would naturally have kept a watchful eye over them, especially as the Duke had the chief command of the army.

Accordingly, upon his return from Scotland, Norfolk found a visible alteration in his Sovereign's conduct. He was no longer summoned to attend the cabinetcouncil; and having privately complained to his mistress of this neglect, she had the baseness to adduce these murmurs with some other trifling speeches made to her in confidence, amounting collectively to nothing more than the innocent repinings of a slighted courtier in evidence against him. Unfortunately for the Earl of Surrey, he had frequently expressed his detestation of this woman, and she now scrupled no forgeries to accomplish his ruin. A quarrel likewise subsisted between the Duke and his Duchess, on account of his open infidelity to the marriage-bed, which she had the cruelty to revenge by joining his avowed enemies. In consequence of their informations, the Duke and his son were arrested for high-treason, and committed to the Tower. Here the former, according to Henry's usual custom, was treated with extreme rigour, being obliged to petition the council to be allowed the use of some books; and at length, in the course of his confinement, to solicit even a change of sheets: so little regard did that unfeeling Monarch show to the high rank and signal merit of an old and faithful servant!

With the hope of obtaining a pardon, or at least farther indulgences in his confinement, Norfolk meanly made his submission to the King, and signed a con

fession which hastened the fate of his son, acknowledging it as his greatest crime, that he had concealed the manner in which Surrey bore his coat of arms.* The Earl's half-sister the Duchess of Rich

Surrey, it appears, quartered the arms of England with those of Norfolk, as a descendent of Edward IV.; his mother, the Duke's first wife, having been the daughter of that monarch.

This accomplished nobleman was not less valiant than learned. A lover of the Muses, and a reformer of English poetry, in the tenderness and elegance of his verses he excelled all the writers of his time. The fair Geraldine, the fame of whose beauty was raised by his pen and his lance, has been proved by Mr. Walpole (from a coincidence of many circumstances) to have been Elizabeth, second daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald Earl of Kildare, by Margaret daughter of Thomas Grey Marquis of Dorset, and to have been the third wife of Edward Clinton Earl of Lincoln. His Songs and Sonnettes,' though comparatively little known at present, were in high reputation among his contemporaries. They have been praised (says Anderson) by Leland, Sydney, Turberville, Puttenham, Churchyard, and Drayton; and more recently by Dryden, and Waller, and Fenton, and Pope. They are chiefly amatory and sentimental, but in nature and sensibility they equal the best loveverses in our language; and in harmony of language, perspicuity of expression, and facility of phraseology, approach very nearly to the productions of the present age.

Not merely the poet of idleness and gallantry, however, he was fitted both by nature and study for the more solid and laborious parts of literature. His versions of the Ecclesiastes, and a few of the Psalms, prove him to have been a friend to the Reformation. He translated, also, the second and fourth books of the Eneid into blank verse; and these are the first compositions extant, in that measure, in the English language. But if he deserves our admiration and gratitude, for his having first contributed to polish and refine that language, still more is he entitled to them for his ready and liberal patronage of distressed men of merit.

He was at once, indeed, the hero of romance, and the practical