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LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 14, 1905.

CONTENTS.-No. 55.

NOTES: Sufferings of Troops in Winter, 21-Biblio-
graphical Notes on Dickens and Thackeray, 22-p-
taphiana, 23-Yankee Doodle'- Clergyman as City
Councillor-Cranmer's Library, 24-Holy Maid of Kent
English Canonized Saints, 25-Dagger Pies-Vanisbed
Pastimes-Nelson in Fiction-The Victoria and the Cam-
perdown, 26-Luther Family-" Totem," 27.
QUERIES:-Hugh Percy-London Bridge Theatre-Besant
-Warren Hastings and Sir Charles Malet-Rev. Thomas
Newman David Morgan, Jacobite -"Broach" or
"Brooch," 28" Walkyn Silver "-"Wapiti "-Pembroke
College, Cambridge-Sir Thomas Cornwallis-"Blood-
funkers"-"Caveac" Tavern Abbotsley, St. Neots,
Hunts-"Heart of my heart"-Police Uniforms: Omni-
buses, 29-Polar Inhabitants-Spanish Arms-Triplicate
Writing-Holyrood Font, 30.

Camp before Sebastopol,
Sunday, 12 Nov., 1851.

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We arrived at Balaclava on Wednesday last, landed and marched here (seven miles) that night, passed the night al fresco, and of course hard rain and no grub. No one at home can form the ghost of an idea of the hard work a soldier has here; what between the trenches and alarms we have never a moment to ourselves. I feel for the men, as they have been wet for three days; the work in the trenches is no joke. We march down there at 6 P.M., as soon as it is dark, and remain there till some time next day; half of the men are on the qui vive, the others lie down; but, poor devils! of late you see them lying up to their middles in water. How they stand it I know not. What a fool I was to be so anxious to come out here! We have only commenced work yet. The Russians cannot drive us away, but starvation and cold may. REPLIES:-Sir Walter l'Espec, 30-Spelling Reform hear that we are to winter here; if so I shall often "Licence" and "License," 31-Great Seal in Gutta-percha remember you, as I have got the fur coat here." -Mercury in Tom Quad-Queen Anne's Last Years-Old Garrett has got a brigade; I have the regiment Bibliography of Christmas-Heraldic-Children at Executions, 33-Algonquin Element in English-English Burialground at Lisbon-Blood used in Building, 34-Three Tailors of Tooley Street-High Peak Words-Ben Jonson and Bacon-Battlefield Sayings, 35-George Washington's Arms Parish Documents-Armorial Visiting Cards"Phil Elia," 36 - Heacham Parish Officers-Hardy knute -Sarum, 37-" The as part of Title- Assisa de Tolloneis,' &c.-Sir William Calvert-Modern Italian Artists -Agnostic Poets, 38.

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SUFFERINGS OF TROOPS IN WINTER. AT the present time, when the war in the Far East has drawn attention to the hardships inseparable from a winter campaign, it may not be uninteresting to recall the sufferings of our army in the Crimea during the winter of 1854-5. The following notes are extracted from letters written from the camp before Sebastopol by the late General Maxwell, C.B., who commanded the 46th Regiment during the siege. These, of course, were not intended for publication, and do not pretend to be anything more than private letters, written at odd moments and sent home to his friends, to tell them of his life and work at the front. At the same time they are interesting as giving the impressions of an officer on the spot, and showing that the army was quite alive to the mismanagement and procrastination of the authorities. They also form an additional testimony to the good conduct of our soldiers under very trying circumstances, and to the appalling loss of life caused by sickness, chiefly due to exposure and starvation.

We

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and have my hands full; it quite amazes one after the quiet, dry, snug work in barracks at home. So much for my doings. All 1 can tell you about Sebastopol is it has not fallen; we only have invested the south side, all the rest of it being open to the enemy. The French and ourselves are bombarding away day and night, and have been doing so since the 5th of last month, and are likely to do so for another month; and even when we get in we cannot remain, as the strong forts on the south side command the town. A pretty look-out we have. The fact is, we have tried too much, and if we fail you may all thank the press for it.

I, to my great joy, met Colin* at Constantinople; he had been sent down sick, but was nearly well. Poor fellow, he was nearly naked; I was happy to be able to clothe him in a complete suit. He expected to be back here very soon, and appeared anxious for it, which I rather wonder at. We were too late for the action last Sunday:† [except those of] our people we sent out before us, and our friend, the Editor of The Times, will be happy to hear that they did at least as well as their neighbours. The night in the trenches a party of ours were at work; pluck and spirit of the men is wonderful. Last the Russians came out, and our fools wished to be allowed to go at them with their spades and pickaxes. I am sorry to say that this morning cholera made its appearance in our camp, and we have lost five men. I trust it may stop as it is an awful don't like the cholera. Scourge. The men care nothing for bullets, but

Camp before Sebastopol, 8 January, 1855. taken, and looks as nice and comfortable to our That infernal town is as far off as ever from being longing eyes as the Russians could wish. Our winter has commenced now; it was ushered in with a devil of a fall of snow, and then hard frost with a biting cold north wind; but poor weather for tents, but they are wonderfully warm, more so than you can fancy, or we may be getting accustomed to

* His brother, in the 93rd Highlanders.

Inkerman. Two companies only of the 46th were at this battle. The remainder of the regiment had been detained at home, owing to an inquiry appeared in Punch with reference to this incident. into a case of bally-ragging" an officer. A cartoon See issue of 19 August, 1854.

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Morning State of 46th Regiment, 8 Jan., 1855.
Men fit for duty, including all casualties, such
as officers, servants, &c.
Sick at Scutari
Sick in tents here

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them and to the cold. The mercury was down to 8 and consequently the greatest sufferers in the army. last night; I think that is the lowest we have had | Colin is with the Highland Brigade near Balaclava. it yet. If it does not get worse we may weather it Their men are very well, fat, and well fed. They yet, but we are sadly reduced; our Brigade, con- are well because they have no trenches and exposisting of the 1st Battalion Rifle Brigade, 46th, sure; well fed because they are close to Balaclava, 63rd, and 58th, can only turn out 700 men fit for where the supplies are kept. We are seven miles. duty. Yesterday the 63rd could only turn out four off, and the country is in such a state, and the com men! This morning we have 244* men fit for duty: missariat so bad, that our biscuit, meat, and rum that includes officers, servants, and every man in are often obliged to be sent for by fatigue parties of the regiment. We have 337 away sick at Balaclava poor men worn out with work in these infernal or Scutari, and 174 sick here. We have buried, trenches. All our clothing and other supplies we since landing on 8 November, 169-only 9 of these send men for, and the wooden houses, &c., will lie,. from loss in the trenches by shot, the remainder and are lying, at Balaclava, with no means of being killed by hard work, exposure to cold and wet, bad brought up; our want of arrangement is beyond -or rather short-allowance of food, and insuffi- conception. They have commenced a railroad from cient clothing. The poor fellows are half naked, Balaclava to this-again too late; it will be finished have no change of clothes, and consequently are when the weather gets fine and the country is in never, I may say, dry. They have at the very most good order. I sometimes tremble to think what only one night in bed-not in bed, but in their the consequences of all this mismanagement will be ;: tents: that is to say every other night they pass in but triumph at last we must, at a frightful cost of the trenches, and from their proximity to the men. I was never better in m life; eat, if posenemy and cold they dare not sleep, and hard work sible, better than ever when I can get it. Salt it is. This night I have the pleasant prospect of meat is poor stuff to live on, so we take every marching down there at five o'clock, remaining till opportunity of getting preserved meats, but at six next morning. My duty when there is to see ruinous prices. Till this time we have been supplied that our guards are properly posted, and sentries by Maltese and Greek rascals, whom the Govern out in every direction. I have a deal of ground to ment have stupidly allowed to settle at Balaclava walk over, rough and hilly; on a fine, dry night it and charge what they choose for things. Living keeps me warni, but on a wet, dark night it is as we are, men are reckless of expense, and, not dreary work and that is the sort of night we must knowing how long they may live to eat, pay be most wide awake. Your fur coat, which I most anything. providentially brought out, has been the saving of my life. With another one over it to keep off the wet, it is a famous thing. If I had only a pair of waterproof boots and a good, strong waterproof coat, I should be all right; but I am in hopes of getting them from some of the numerous supplies coming out. We hear a great deal of wooden houses and no end of things coming out from the generous people at home; but, alas! they will come up to us too late, I am afraid. Everything here is too late. The authorities here are most supine and dilatory about everything; I suppose their eyes will be opened when the whole army is like the 63rd, dead or in hospital; then I hope they will have to give an account to the country for their mismanagement. The Times correspondent (with one exception) gives a fair account of what is going on here, drawn mildly, of course, when he talks of the ill-treatment of the men. The exception I allude to was his account of the 46th not turning out for the trenches the night of the gale; a more unfounded lie never was; never did wet, half-clothed, poor devils, without a morsel to eat all day, turn out more willingly-not a murmur to be heard. I sent the captain who marched them down and remained with them that night in the trenches, and the adjutant who paraded them, to the correspondent to demand his authority. He would not give it up, but said he was sorry at having written it, and was very contrite; but the fact is, he must please his employers. One never sees Lord Raglan; he and his staff live in a good house, his horses have good stables, and are all very comfortable.. I wish their house were burnt down and they put in tents. He believes, I verily think, that the men are getting all the good things the papers talk of; but don't think the whole army is so badly off as our brigade. The 3rd and 4th Divisions are the hardest worked, *This is the figure in the letter, but from the "Morning State" of the regiment, given later on, there would seem to have been only 140 fit for duty.

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140 337 174

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169

Lost from disease since landing 9 Nov.... 160
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From this state, you may judge how our men get
We have sent away six officers sick.
T. F. D.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON DICKENS
AND THACKERAY.

SEVERAL bibliographies of Charles Dickens have been compiled since the death of that writer, and the latest of them appeared a few months ago under the editorship of Mr. J. C, Thomson. It is not, perhaps, very high praise to say that this little work is a decided advance upon its predecessors, though it still leaves much to be desired; and I consider that it appeals more to the student of Dickens than to the collector of his works. This was perhaps the object of the compiler.. especially as very few of the writings of Dickens come within the category of "rarities." Nevertheless, it would have been better if thecollations of the books had been drawn up on had been subjected to closer revision. A few a more scientific plan, and if the whole work errors will be discovered on close inspection,

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