Gardens, Seville, I beg to enclose a rough
design (made by myself from the original),
which may be of use to him. The design is
said to have been similar to that of the maze
in the garden itself; but I cannot trace the
same plan through the now neglected paths
of the labyrinth.
S. F. G.

[Our contributor's plan has been forwarded to then, with some apology by the former, introduced ST. SWITHIN.]

about thirty-five years ago. Cunningham Horse Lane, which ran from west to east, and says, "The yard of the 'Cross Keys Inn' in is now included in the line of the Commercial Gracechurch Street was one of our early Road. There was also another White Horse theatres." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. Lane, which connected Stepney Green with Mile End Green, and will be seen marked in Horwood's map. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

CROSS IN THE GREEK CHURCH (10th S. ii. 469, 531).—MR. MARCHANT may be right when he says that the inclination of the lower bar, upon which the feet are made to rest in Russian crosses, points the mind upward and raises the hopes of the believer towards the Resurrection," for Russian ecclesiastical art is permeated with mysticism; but I always thought myself, since I began to take an interest in these things, that the bar was placed aslant in order to remind the spectator of the earthquake that took place at the Crucifixion, or of the tradition, preserved in the East, that our Lord was lame. If W. W. P. wishes to study Russian crosses, he should go to the Alexander Museum at Petersburg, where he will find hundreds of them. They are, as a rule, curious and interesting, but astonishingly poor in detail. At the top there is often a face with the inscription underneath in Slavonic, "The image that was not made with hands," an allusion to St. Veronica; below this is a cross, the figure that is stretched upon it being emaciated, and with feet and hands entirely out of proportion to the rest of the body. The Blessed Virgin, Mary Magdalene, St. John the Evangelist, and Longinus are also represented, and everything is explained by lettering-thus, for instance, G. G. stands for the hill of Golgotha, and so on. Texts from the Bible or from the Russian Service-Book are also very common. T. P. ARMSTRONG.

[White Horse Lane now connects Stepney Green and Mile End Road.]

"THE CROWN AND THREE SUGAR LOAVES" (10th S. i. 167, 214, 297, 373).-—As the greatgranddaughter of Abram Newman, I have access to the deeds relating to Fenchurch Street; but the old house was rebuilt. warehouse, and sent it to Sir W. Rawlinson; traced the ownership of Newman & Davison's but he never even acknowledged it.

(Mrs.) HAUTENVILLE COPE.

13c, Hyde Park Mansions, W.

I

HOLBORN (10th S. ii. 308, 392, 457, 493).With regard to the suggestion that hol or hull signifies water, I recollect reading (I think it was in Seaham's History of Hull ') a note as to this. The author's view was that the word Hull did imply a connexion with water, and compared it with pool, as in Liverpool. Perhaps the same idea may be traced in Ulleskelf (Yorkshire) and Ulleswater, on the borders of Westmoreland. Compare also Ullesthorpe and Ullapool.

In this connexion it may be worth while to recall that the name of the land upon which Gray's Inn now stands was Portpool, a name still preserved in Portpool Lane, which runs down from Gray's Inn Road to Leather Lane. If there ever was & stream of water running alongside Holborn, such stream, whether natural or artificial, somewhere near Portpool, perhaps at St. must have had its rise on the high ground Chad's Well in the Gray's Inn Road, close to Gray's Inn. May we not then here again trace a connexion between hol, pool, and water?

is an article on Some London Street-names,' In The Antiquary for this month, at p. 19, by the Rev. W. J. Loftie. In it he says:

LONDON CEMETERIES IN 1860 (10th S. ii. 169, 296, 393, 496, 535). The old gravestones seen by MR. JOHN T. PAGE (8th S. ii. 393) probably belonged to the Stepney Meeting House Burial-ground, which was also called the Almshouse Ground or the Ratcliff Workhouse Ground. This was situated at the north-east corner of White Horse Street, near the junction with Salmon's Lane, and opposite the Brewers' Almshouses. According to Mrs, the city are called by different names, yet from the "Two parallel roadways which lead westward from Basil Holmes (London Burial grounds,' same river. A bourne breaks out from the clay hill pp. 179, 300), it was connected with the Inde- on which Regent's Park stands, and burrows its pendent Chapel at Stepney, and was first winding course south-eastward, cutting for itself a used in 1781. There are still many tomb- passage until it reaches a tidal inlet from the stones in it, and the ground is fairly tidy. naturally described as the Hole bourne. Thames. The upper course of the brook is The gate is generally open, as the entrance to tidal estuary into which it resolves itself is the the almshouses is through it. Size, half an Fleet. There are many other burrowing brooks in acre. A view of the ground from the alms- England, and many other fleets. All have the houses is given at p. 178 of Mrs. Holmes's same characteristics, and are called Holing Bourne, book. Holing Beck, Holing Beach, and Holing Brook, White Horse Street, running in a north-Brook, with various other modifications; and the often corrupted into Hollingbourne, Beck, Beach, or easterly direction, is distinct from White local antiquaries generally, as in the Kentish ex

The

H. W. UNDERDOWN.

is not my fault. I wrote "gratiæ" when I
sent the note; and again when proof was
submitted I intimated that the word should
thus appear. I noticed it was printed
no more, consoled myself by noting the
"gratia" after all, and, thinking I could do
error in my file copy and adding the words,
"I corrected this in proof sent, but it was not
altered.-J. T. P."
JOHN T. PAGE.

West Haddon, Northamptonshire.

BRINGING IN THE YULE "CLOG" (10th S. ii. 507; iii. 11).-The saying "Dun is in the heard of Peter Walker, but, if I am not WALKER FAMILY (10th S. iii. 8).-I never mire is much older than Shakespeare's time, for it occurs in Chaucer. In the fifth greatly mistaken, the minor canon at Norvolume of my edition of Chaucer's works wich was named John, a native of Oxford, there is an Index to Subjects and Words presented by Lord Chancellor Thurlow to the explained in the Notes,' filling more than vicarage of Stoke Holy Cross; also rector sixty columns, and giving references to dis-of St. John's, Timberhill, and St. Peter per cussions of subjects of very various kinds. Mountergate, in Norwich, and Bawdsey, in There is a similar one to my edition of Piers Suffolk; died in 1807; and was buried in Plowman.' I have often wondered whether Norwich Cathedral. any one ever refers to them, as the neglect of them seems almost universal amongst your readers. I refer to Brand, to Giffard's notes to Ben Jonson, to 'Romeo and Juliet,' and to Hazlitt's 'Proverbs' (which include Ray's), all noticed at the last reference.

But I further refer to Hoccleve, to Skelton, to the Towneley Mysteries, to Beaumont and Fletcher, and to Butler's Hudibras.' So the subject is tolerably common.

I read, at the last reference, that dun was often interchangeable with the sanguine colour, a symbol of the sun." Where can I find any such interchange? I see no trace of it in the New English Dictionary,' which seems to imply that it was used in direct opposition to all ideas of brightness.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

FRED. NORGATE.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Roger Ascham's English Works. Edited by William
Aldis Wright, M.A. (Cambridge, University
Press.)

46

No less interesting than the first volume of the Cambridge English Classics" is the second, conand State of Germany, and The Scholemaster sisting of the Toxophilus,' 'Report of the Affaires of Roger Ascham, edited by Dr. Wright, the esteemed Vice-Master of Trinity. A curious tribute to the value of the series is borne unconsciously by ourselves. More than one edition of Aschan's English works has slumbered upon our shelves. The convenience of the present edition, the attractiveness of the type, and the generally appetizing appearance of the book have led us to an experience we commend for imitation in the perusal of the work and the substitution of familiarity with two out of three of Ascham's writings for a sort of general idea of the contents. Agreeable, indeed, has been the task thus accomplished, and the English prose of Ascham is more pleasurable than that of most of his successors of Tudor_times. His arraignment of Malory even, and of the English translations of Italian tales, seems less harsh when it is read in its entirety and with its context; and his picture of that noble ladie Jane Grey" as he saw her at "Brodegate in Lecetershire," when he found her, while "all the houshould, Gentlemen and Gentlewomen, were huntinge in the Parke...... in her Chamber, readinge Phaedon Platonis in Greeke, and that with as moch delite, as som ientleman wold read a merie tale in Bocase,' familiar as it is, gains in freshness. A propos of the 'Toxophilus' and the comparison between that pursuit and the games with his devotion to which Ascham was rebuked, it may be pointed out that in times indulgence not only in cards and dice, but even immediately succeeding those in which he wrote in bowls, was penalized in the interest of archery. The defence of cards and dice undertaken by

Philologus on p. 21 is curiously significant in face of
the statement concerning him of Camden: "Never-
theless, being too much given to dicing and cock-
fighting, he lived and died a poor man.' Among
modern reissues of English classics this series is
entitled to a foremost place.

Theodore Watts-Dunton: Poet, Novelist, Critic.
By James Douglas. (Hodder & Stoughton.)
MR. JAMES DOUGLAS has accomplished in a remark-
able fashion a task from which most writers have
shrunk-that of furnishing a sustained biography
of a man still happily living. Under such con-
ditions the work constitutes rather an apologia or
a eulogy than a criticism or a life. It is natural to
compare Mr. Douglas's work with the immortal
life of Johnson by Boswell, which, however, was
published after the death of its subject. Ben
Jonson was also the recipient of an extraordinary
eulogy, which, as the title, Jonsonus Virbius,'
indicates, was written after his death, a work in
which Lord Falkland, Lord Buckhurst, Sir John
Beaumont, and many poets and wits of his time
participated. Letters and Poems in Honour of
the Incomparable Princess Margaret, Dutchess
of Newcastle,' appeared two years after her death.
'An English Miscellany,' presented to Dr. Furnivall
in 1901, is perhaps the nearest precedent in serious
literature for such a tribute as is now given.

66

A few years ago the claims on consideration of Mr. Watts-Dunton were known only to the esoteric. Such recognized the importance of his contributions to The Athenæum, and his steps towards the substitution of his own "poetics for that of Aristotle. Since his publication of Aylwin,' however, he has sprung into popularity, and his name throughout the reading public is now one with which to conjure. No half-hearted disciple is Mr. Douglas. With the zeal of the true convertite" and worshipper, aided, it is to be supposed, to some extent by Mr. Watts-Dunton himself, he has traced his subject from his birth in what is variously styled Cowslip Country or Buttercup Land, by the Ouse, on the confines of East Anglia, to his present residence in Putney, which he shares with our one great living poet Mr. Swinburne. To this long-sustained pursuit well on to 400 pages are devoted, the work thus putting to shame all but a few acknowledged and immortal biographies. Full information is supplied concerning a life interesting in itself, apart from its associations and intimacies, and a bright light is cast upon an allimportant epoch in our literary history. Mr. Douglas has enjoyed the closest friendship with Mr. Watts-Dunton, and has turned to best advantage his opportunities and privileges, showing the relations between his friend and the great poets of the last century, and flooding the life of Mr. Watts-Dunton with a light such as is cast upon none of his associates. Mr. Douglas's style is cultivated and animated, and his descriptions are lifelike and natural. He has enriched his volume, moreover, with numerous illustrations, the value of which it is hard to overestimate. One of these is a portrait of Mr. Watts-Dunton serving as frontispiece. So like is this to Mr. Swinburne, the closest associate of the original, that we had to rub our eyes and look again and again before we were sure that a mistake had not been made. Others consist of reproductions of pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and views of Cowslip Country and of spots associated with 'Aylwin.' Most numerous

and important of all are representations of the exterior and interior of The Pines, Mr. WattsDunton's present home. We have less than we could wish about Mr. Swinburne. In other respects the information is ample and well conveyed. Students of the literature of the latter half of the nineteenth century will rejoice in the possession of Mr. Douglas's work, the loyalty and eloquence of which are alike remarkable.

THE Rugby School Register, Vol. III., May, 1874, to May, 1904, revised and annotated by the Rev. A. T. Michell, is printed for subscribers by Mr. A. J. Lawrence, the school bookseller at Rugby, and deserves warm commendation. Old Rugbeians are said to cherish the memory of their school with more than usual pertinacity, and this admirable record shows, at any rate, the unwearying devotion of one of them. Mr. Michell's is not a bare list of names, but supplies the after career of each boy. Such detail could only be secured by unremitting assiduity, and the compiler has employed special efforts, with remarkable success, to make the list complete. Full indeed and interesting it is, and we hope that all Rugbeians will secure a copy of it, and that other schools of note will follow the example set by Mr. Michell. We believe that no such up-to-date record is available of any other school, or, indeed, college. We have tested the list many times and found it invariably accurate, even in cases where a change of name has been made, which is always difficult to trace and verify.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.

THE booksellers have plenty of treasures and works of general usefulness for New Year purchasers.

·

Mr. H. Cleaver, of Bath, offers four works on costume for 61. 6s. These include Russia, Austria, China, and Turkey. There are 273 coloured plates. Other noteworthy items in the catalogue are original editions, in parts, of Bleak House' and 'Little Dorrit'; Fielding's works, 1898, 67. 18s. 6d. ; and Noel Humphreys's Butterflies,' 3 vols., 45s. The works on India include Forrest's 'Picturesque Tour,' 27. 10s. Under Ireland we find Trench's 'Realities of Irish Life,' O'Brien's Round Towers,' and works by Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall. There is a first edition of Leech's 'Follies of the Year,' price 30s. This is scarce. A handsome set of Marryat's novels, 24 vols., is priced at 77. 10s.; a beautiful set of Morris's 'Birds,' 67. 6s.; a set of Punch, 1841-1902, 221. 10s.; a set of Scott, the Author's Favourite Edition, 88 vols., 1829-36, 91. 9s.; and Smollett, the 1901 edition, 67. 67.

Mr. Bertram Dobell's list contains many first editions, and some books in old morocco from the late Prof. Corfield's collection. The first editions include 'Paracelsus,' 12mo., 1835, 77. 78.; Sordello, 1840, 15s. Mrs. Browning's Seraphim,' 1838, 17. 10s.; Coleridge's 'Fall of Robespierre,' Cambridge, 1791, 51. 5s. Addresses to the People,' Bristol, 1795, 47. 4s.; Zapolya, a Christmas Tale,' uncut,, 1817, 37. 38. ; 'Sibylline Leaves,' 21. 5s.; Lamb's

Tales from Shakespeare,' with the plates by Mulready, engraved by Blake, 2 vols., 1807, bound by Bedford, very rare, 277. 10s.; Blank Verse,' by Lamb and Lloyd, 12mo, 1798, blue morocco, uncut, 217.; Shelley's Queen Mab,' 1813, 317.; The Revolt of Islam,' 1818, 47. 10s.; Keats, 1817, 107. 10s.;