squares of a size from 15 to 40 dessiatines each, the Japanese being granted a certain number of such squares the area of which number will constitute 50 per cent. of the total area; it being understood that the squares thus subject to be granted on lease to the Japanese, are not, as a general rule, to be adjacent, but must include all bore-holes where boring or work is being done by the Japanese. With regard to sections of oil fields remaining unleased, mentioned in the same Memorandum, it has been agreed that if the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall decide to offer such sections, wholly or partially, for foreign concession, equal opportunities regarding such concessions shall be granted to Japanese enterprises.

2. The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics allows to Japanese enterprises recommended by the Government of Japan, for a period of from five to ten years, the right to make explorations of oil fields on the eastern coast of Northern Saghalien on an area of one thousand square versts, which area has to be defined within one year from the date of concluding the Concession Contracts, and if, as a result of such Japanese exploration, oil fields shall be discovered, the concession for exploitation of 50 per cent. of the area of oil fields thus established will be granted to the Japanese.

3. The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics agrees to grant Japanese enterprises recommended by the Government of Japan a concession for exploiting coal deposits on the western coast of Northern Saghalien over a certain area which is to be defined in the Concession Contracts. The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics further agrees to grant to such Japanese enterprises a concession for the coal deposits in the district of Douz within a certain area subject to definition in the Concession Contracts. With regard to coal deposits outside the defined area mentioned in the preceding two sentences, it has been further agreed that, if the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall decide to offer them for foreign concession, equal opportunities in respect of such concession shall be given to Japanese enterprises.

4. The length of the term for concessions for exploiting oil and coal fields and deposits as set out in preceding paragraphs will be determined to be as from 40 to 50 years.

5. By way of payment for the indicated concessions, Japanese concessionaires will hand over annually to the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 5 to 8 per cent. of the gross output from coal deposits, and from 5 to 15 per cent. of gross output from oil deposits; it is agreed that in case of gushers, payment may be increased up to 45 per cent. of the gross output.

The percentage of output subject in this manner to handing over by way of payment, will be finally defined in the Concession Contracts, such percentage being liable to modifications in accordance with the scale of annual output, by methods to be defined in the said Contracts.

6. The above-mentioned Japanese enterprises will be permitted to cut timber necessary for the needs of the undertaking and to erect various works for facilitating communications and conveyance of materials and

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products. Details connected therewith will be set out in the Concession Contracts.

7. In view of the above-mentioned rent payment and taking into consideration the disadvantageous conditions with which the enterprises will be faced, owing to the geographical position and other general conditions in these regions, it has been agreed that the import and export of any objects, materials or products necessary for such undertakings or produced at the latter, will not be subject to the imposition of duties, and that the undertakings will not be subjected to any such taxation or restriction as would, in fact, render the profitable exploitation of the same impossible.

8. The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics will grant to the said undertakings all reasonable protection and facilities.

9. Details connected with preceding clauses will be made dependent on conditions in the Concession Contracts.

The present Protocol will be considered as having been ratified with the ratification of the Convention defining the Fundamental Principles regulating the Relations between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Japan, signed on this date.

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Protocol in two copies in the English language and have affixed their seals thereto.

Executed at Peking, this twentieth day of January, One thousand nine hundred and twenty-five.

(Signed) L. KARAKHAN.
K. JOSHIZAVA.

OBITUARY

OF

EMINENT PERSONS DECEASED IN 1925.

JANUARY.

1. Sir Francis Carruthers Gould, aged 80, the famous caricaturist, was born at Barnstaple, the son of an architect. As a schoolboy he constantly made studies of birds and animals. In due course he became a stockbroker, but when, in 1879, he illustrated the Christmas number of Truth, he felt his powers and took up seriously the art which made him famous. In 1887 he began to work as a caricaturist for the Pall Mall Gazette, and later for the Westminster Gazette. For his achievements on the last-named paper he was knighted in 1906. In 1869 he married Miss Emily Ballment, of Barnstaple, who died in 1920, leaving three sons and two daughters. As a caricaturist he was in the line of succession to Doyle ("H.B.") who refined and civilised the ferocious humour of English caricature in the eighteenth century. His art, simple and direct, appealed to every class. "Who Killed Cock Robin?" was published in 1897, Tales from the Zoo" (written with one of his sons, A. C. Gould, R.B.A.) in 1900. His "Froissart's Modern Chronicles" was a humorous annual history of modern England. He found inspiration in nursery rhymes, "Alice in Wonderland," Brer Rabbit and Uncle Remus, and Dickens. He also made sparing use of the Bible, Shakespeare, and the Classics.

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6. Dr. Lilias Hamilton, M.D., and L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., Edin., one of the pioneer medical women of the last century, came of an adventurous stock, the Hamiltons of Sundrum. She was educated at Cheltenham College, and subsequently was trained as a nurse. She then studied medicine in Edinburgh and London. She went to Calcutta to practise, and in 1893, became physician-incharge of the Dufferin Hospital. In 1894 she proceeded to Afghanistan and was for three years physician to the Court of the Ameer. During that time she did far-reaching work among the Afghans. But her health broke down, and she returned to England to practise in London as a consultant. As an interlude, she paid a visit to South Africa and started a farm there. In 1908 she became Warden of Studley Horticultural and Agricultural College for Women, which position she held till her death. In 1915 she left the College in charge of her sister and went to Montenegro, where she had charge of a hospital till the retreat through Serbia. She was a woman of forceful, brilliant personality, and of deep and generous understanding.

Professor Guido Biagi, aged 69, was Director of the famous Laurenziana and Riccardiana Libraries at Florence, and a great Dante scholar. The son of a painter, he was educated in Florence, and afterwards became Librarian of the Vittorio Emmanuele Library in Rome, with a post in the Ministry of Education. In 1885 he was appointed to the Florence Libraries. Already a Dante scholar of some standing, he was, in 1899, made hon. sec. of the Societa Dantesca Italiana, H 2

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founded in 1888, and his most important work was done in this connexion. He died in the midst of a great undertaking, the publication of a folio-edition of the "Divina Commedia," illustrated from old MSS., and with comments from twentythree selected scholars. Biagi (with Count Passerini) published, in 1895, the "Codice Diplomatico Dantesco," and afterwards many other works and commentaries on, and illustrations of, Dante. He was organiser of the Dante exhibition (of books, MSS., etc.) in the Laurenziana in 1921, the sixth centenary of Dante's death. He also took a deep interest in the life and works of Shelley, and was a lover of England.

8. Sir William Edmund Garstin, G.C.M.G., C.B.E., the great Egyptian irrigation engineer, was born in India in 1849, son of Charles Garstin, Bengal Civil Service. He was educated at Cheltenham College and King's College, London, and in 1872 entered the Indian Public Works Department. In 1885 he was "lent" to Egypt for irrigation work on the Nile, and in 1892, on his retirement from the Indian Public Works Department, was appointed Inspector-General of Irrigation in Egypt. He became Under-Secretary of State for Public Works, and in 1904 Advisor to the Ministry of Public Works, continuing to work for Egypt until 1908. In Lord Cromer's opinion he was the greatest hydraulic engineer in this or any other country. The Assiut barrage and the Assuan reservoir were his greatest works.

11. John Sinclair, first Baron Pentland, was a distinguished Liberal politician. A Sinclair of Dunbeath, he was born in Edinburgh in 1860, educated at Edinburgh Academy, Wellington, and Sandhurst, joined the Royal Irish Lancers in 1879, served in the Sudan in 1885, earning medal and clasp; and retired in 1887 with the rank of Captain. In 1892 he became member for Dumbarton, retiring from the Commons three years later on his appointment as secretary to Lord Aberdeen, then Governor-General of Canada. In 1897 he re-entered the House of Commons, and was raised to the peerage in 1909. He was made Secretary for Scotland when the Liberal Government came into power in 1905. In 1912 Lord Pentland became Governor of Madras, and held this position till 1919. He was made G.C.I.E. in 1912 and G.S.S.I. in 1918. In 1904 he married Lady Marjorie Gordon, by whom he had two children, a daughter and a son.

14. Camille Décoppet, Director of the International Postal Bureau in Switzerland, was born in 1862 in Suscévaz. After passing through the high schools of Suscévaz and Lausanne, he studied Jurisprudence, and in 1886 became Licentiate-en-droit. In 1888 he qualified as an attorney, and at 26 became StatesGeneral-Attorney. In 1889 he was elected to the National Council, where he represented Waadtland politics. He held many public offices, including that of head of the Swiss War Department in 1914. Five years later he became instead Director of the Weltpostverein. He was an acute jurist, and a subtle and graceful orator.

Harry Furniss, aged 70, caricaturist no less than serious artist and illustrator, was a man of extraordinary energy and vitality. Born at Wexford of English and Scottish parentage, he was at school at Dublin and at the Hibernian Art Academy. As a youth he tried to establish an Irish comic paper called Zozimus, whereupon Tom Taylor, editor of Punch, asked him for sketches of Irish peasantry, and he came to London at 19. He drew for London Society, Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, and later for the Illustrated London News. He began to draw for Punch in 1880, joined the staff in 1884, and illustrated Lucy's "Diary of Toby M.P." till 1894. In 1910 he illustrated Dickens' works, in 1911 the works of Thackeray, and afterwards various other famous books. He wrote one novel, "Poverty Bay," and illustrated it himself. Furniss's drawings had a beauty of line and an individuality which made his work recognisable at a glance.

16. Sir Thomas Jewell Bennett, C.I.E., aged 72, was editor of The Times of India, and rendered conspicuous service to India by his shrewd judgment of public policy. The son of J. T. Bennett, of Wisbech, he learned journalism in the office of The Isle of Ely and Wisbech Advertiser. In due course he became a leader writer on The Standard, going out to India in 1884 to The Bombay Gazette. In 1892 he became editor of The Times of India. He received the C.I.E. in 1903, and was knighted in 1921. He entered Parliament in 1918 as member for Sevenoaks, and his speeches on Indian affairs in the Commons were of much weight. He was twice married.

18. The Right Rev. Louis Charles Casartelli, D.D., Roman Catholic Bishop of Salford, and one of the foremost linguists of his time, was born in Manchester in 1852, the son of an Italian refugee. He was educated at Salford Catholic Grammar School and at Ushaw, and took his M.A. degree at London University with gold medal in classics. He studied at Louvain University, where he graduated as Doctor of Oriental Languages. For eight years he taught in St. Bede's College, but returned to Louvain, where he made a study of Zoroastrianism in the early Christian centuries. Later he became Rector of St. Bede's, Professor of Zend and Pehlevi at Louvain, and lecturer on Iranian languages at Manchester University. In 1903 Dr. Casartelli was appointed to the Roman Catholic bishopric of Salford. The Pope and he had been warm friends in Milan while both engaged in research work in the library there. Dr. Casartelli wrote many translations from Eastern languages, and a diversity of other works, such as "Lectures on Commercial Geography," "The Popes in the Divina Commedia," and also historical essays and poems.

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Dr. John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart, aged 58, an eminent English philosopher, was the son of Francis Ellis McTaggart, a County Court Judge. He was educated at Clifton and Trinity College, Cambridge, obtained a first class in the Moral Science Tripos in 1888, and became a Fellow and lecturer of his college. In due course he took the D.Litt., was made an hon. LL.D. of St. Andrews and a Fellow of the British Academy. He was a disciple of Hegel, and wrote Studies in the Hegelian Dialectic" in 1896, and Studies in Hegelian Cosmology in 1901, works of solid worth. In 1906 he wrote in another vein, Some Dogmas of Religion," a work of popular philosophy of a destructive kind. He published in 1910 his Commentary on Hegel's Logic." In 1921 he brought out the first volume of "The Nature of Existence," but the sequel did not appear in his lifetime. He was eminent in the field of pure metaphysics, and as a teacher possessed an attractive lucidity of style.

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21. Sir Guilford Lindsey Molesworth, a distinguished engineer, aged 96, was the author of the Pocket-book of Engineering Formula." Born in 1828 at Millbrook, where his father, the Rev. J. E. N. Molesworth, was curate, he was sent to the King's School, Canterbury, and then to the College of Civil Engineering at Putney. He served his apprenticeship with Sir William Fairbairn at Manchester, and subsequently gained experience of railway engineering. He went out to the Ceylon Railway Company in 1859, and the Colombo-Candy railway was finished under his direction. In 1862 he became Chief Resident Engineer, and later Director-General of Railways and Director of Public Works in Ceylon, producing his famous "Pocket-book in the same year. In 1871 he went into the service of the Government of India, and constructed under many difficulties several Government Railways there. In 1888 he received the K.C.I.E., and in 1889 he retired. Sir Guilford was a man of great vigour, and in 1899 went to E. Africa to report on the Uganda Railway. In 1904 he became President of the Institution of Civil Engineers. The decimal system of coinage in Ceylon owes its introduction to his efforts. He wrote "Reason and Instinct in Ants" and "Spiders' Spinnings." He married in 1854, and was survived by one son and two daughters.

24. General Kuropatkin, aged 77, Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief in the Russo-Japanese War, died at Ehenchurin, leaving behind him interesting