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Newton, through which he was enabled to grasp fundamental principles, and so apply them as to bring order out of chaos, and illuminate the world of life as Newton illuminated the material universe. Paraphrasing the eulogistic words of the poet, we may say, with perhaps a greater approximation to truth

"Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night;

God said, 'Let Darwin be,' and all was light."

INDEX

ABBOTT, C. C., on American palæo- | Ampelidæ, sexual colouring and nidifi-
lithic implements, 441

cation of, 126

Abbott, Dr., on nests of Baltimore Ancient races of North and South
oriole, 114

Abraxas grossulariata, 84

Abrus precatoria, perhaps a case of
mimicry, 399

Absorption-colours or pigments, 357
Acanthotritus dorsalis, 67
Accipiter pileatus, 75

Acræidæ, the subjects of mimicry, 61
warning colours of, 350

America, 429
Ancylotherium, 165

Andaman islands, pale butterflies of,
386

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Acronycta psi, protective colouring of, Andrenida, 70

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Angræcum sesquipedale, 146

its fertilisation by a large moth,
148

Animal colours, how produced, 357
life in tropical forests, 271
Animals, senses and faculties of, 89
intellect of, compared with that
of savages, 192

and plants under domestication,
an example of Darwin's re-
search, 459

Anisocerinæ, 66
Anoplotherium, 165
Anthribidæ, 290

mimicry of, 67

Anthrocera filipendulæ, 84

Aleutian islands, ancient shell mounds Anthropologists, wide difference of

in, 437

Allen, Mr. Grant, on protective

colours of fruits, 398

Alpine flowers, why so beautiful, 403
Amadina, sexual colouring and nidifi-
cation of, 126

Amboyna, large-sized butterflies of,
385

American monkeys, 306

opinion among, as to origin of
human races, 167

conflicting views of, harmonised,
179

Antiquity of man, 167, 180

in North America, 433
Ants, wasps, and bees, 278

numbers of, in India and Malaya,
278, 283

Ants, destructive to insect-specimens, Barbets, 297
281

Bark, varieties in tropical forests, 243

and vegetation, special relation Barometer, range of, at Batavia, 234

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Barrington, Hon. Daines, on song of
birds, 104

on danger of song and gay plum-
age to female birds, 138

Batavia, meteorology of, 219

and London, diagram of mean
temperatures, 220

greatest rainfall at, 235
range of barometer at, 234
Bates, Mr., first adopted the word
mimicry," 54

66

his observations on Leptalis and
Heliconidæ, 59

his paper explaining the theory
of mimicry, 59
objections to his theory, 76

on recent immigration of Ama-
zonian Indians, 100

on climate at the equator, 235
on scarcity of forest-flowers on
Amazon, 264

on animal life in Amazon valley,
271

on abundance of butterflies at Ega,
274

on importance of study of butter-
flies, 277

on leaf-cutting ants, 282
on blind ants, 284

on bird-catching spider, 291

on use of Toucan's bill, 298

on large serpents, 304

on the habits of humming-birds,

318

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Belt, Mr., on leaf-cutting ants, 283
on an Acacia inhabited by ants,
285

on uses of ants to the trees they
live on, 285

on a leaf-like locust, 288
on tree-frogs, 305

on the habits of humming-birds,
319

on uneatable bright-coloured frog,
351

on use of light of glow-worm, 374
Berthoud, on stone implements in
tertiary deposits in America, 448
Betel-nut, 252

Bill of humming-birds, 315
Birds, possible rapid increase of, 23
numbers that die annually, 24
mimicry among, 73

dull colour of females, 80
nidification as affecting colour of
females, 81

refusing the gooseberry cater-
pillar, 84

why peculiar nest built by each
species, 101, 103
build more perfect nests as they
grow older, 108

on instincts of newly-hatched, 109
alter and improve their nests, 114
sexual differences of colour in, 123
tropical orders of, 292

how many known, 312

Bryophila glandifera and B. perla pro-
tectively coloured, 46

Bucerotidæ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 125

Bucconidæ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 125

Buff-tip moth, resembles a broken
stick, 45

Buildings of various races do not
change, 99

Bullock on food of humming-birds,
320 .

Buprestidæ, resembling bird's dung,

42

similar colours in two sexes, 80
in tropical forests, 289
Burchell, Dr., on the "stone mesem-
bryanthemum," 396

Butterflies, abundance of, in tropical
forests, 272

conspicuousness in tropical forests,
273

colours and form of, 273
peculiar habits of tropical, 275
tropical and temperate compared
as to colour, 342

females do not choose their part-
ners, 370

with gaily coloured females, 373
influence of locality on colours of,
382
Buttressed trees, 241

influence of locality on colours CACIA anthriboides, 67

of, 382

Cælogynes, 257

cases of local variation of colour Calamus, 249

Bombus hortorum, 64

among, 387

nidification of, 134

Bombycilla garrula, colours and California, auriferous gravels of, 442

Bombylius, 69

Calaveras skull found in auriferous
gravel, 447

Callithea, imitated by species of Cata-
gramma and Agrias, 383

Bonelli, Mr., on the Sappho comet Callithea markii, 274

humming-bird, 318

Brain of the savage but slightly less
than that of civilised man, 188

Callizona acesta, protective colouring
of, 43
Calornis, 123

size of, an important element of Campylopterus hemileucurus

mental power, 188

of savage races larger than their
needs require, 190, 193

of man and of anthropoid apes
compared, 190
Broca, Professor Paul, on the fine
crania of the cave men, 189

pug-

nacious and ornamental, 380
Capitonidæ, sexual colouring and
nidification of, 125

Capnolymma stygium, 67
Carabidæ, special protection among,

52

similar colouring of two sexes, 80

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Centropus, sexual colouring and nidifi- Cockatoos, 293

cation of, 125

Cephalodonta spinipes, 66

Cocos islands visited by Darwin, 456
Collyrodes lacordairei, 67

Ceroxylus laceratus, imitates a moss- Coloration of tropical birds, 300

covered stick, 47

Certhiola, sexual colouring and nidifi-
cation of, 127

Cetoniada, how protected, 53

similar colours of two sexes, 80
Chaffinch, curious nest built by, in
New Zealand, 111

Chameleon, cause of changes of its
colour, 347
Chameleons, 303

Charis melipona, 68

Chematobia, wintry colours of this
genus, 45

Chemical action changes colours, 357
Chili, humming-birds of, 324
Chiroptera, 307

Chlamys pilula, resembles dung of
caterpillars, 42

Chrysididæ, how protected, 52
Chrysobactron Rossii, 408
Chrysomelidæ, similar colouring of
two sexes, 80

Cicindela, adaptive colour of various
species of, 42

Cilix compressa, resembles bird's
dung, 46

Cladobates, mimicking squirrels, 76
Claparède, M., criticism on Mr.
Wallace's views as to origin of man,
205 (note)

Clark, Rev. Hamlet, on leaf-cutting
ants, 282

Colour, in animals, popular theories
of, 36

frequent variations of, in domes-
ticated animals, 36

influenced by need of conceal-
ment, 37

in deserts, 37

in arctic regions, 37, 38
nocturnal, 38
tropical, 38

special modifications of, 39
different distribution of, in butter-
flies and moths, 43

of autumnal and winter moths, 45
white, generally dangerous and
therefore eliminated, 48
why it exists so abundantly
although often injurious, 50
influenced by need of protection,
80

of female birds, 80

in relation to nidification of birds,
81

gaudy colours of many cater-
pillars, 82

in nature, general causes of, 88
sexual differences of, in birds, 123
in female birds, how connected

with their nidification, 124, 128
more variable than structure or
habits, and therefore more
easily modified, 130

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