SEC. 7. Same.-No door or window leading to any fire escape shall be covered or obstructed by any fixed grating or barrier, and no person shall at any time place any encumbrance or obstacle upon any fire escape or upon any platform, ladder, or stairway leading to or from any fire escape.

SEC. 8. Licenses refused, when.-No license shall be issued to any person to conduct any business for which a license is required in any building mentioned in this act until such building has been provided and equipped with a sufficient number of fire escapes and other appliances required by this act.

SECS. 9, 10. Violations; notice.-[Violations are punishable by a fine of not less than $10 nor more than $100, with added penalty of $5 for each day's continuance. Notice to erect escapes must be complied with within 90 days unless the time is extended in the discretion of the commissioners.]

CHAPTER 3054.-Employment of children-School attendance

SECTION 1. Attendance required.-[Requires attendance to 14 years of age.] SEC. 5. Violations.-[Any person knowingly employing any child unlawfully absent from school is guilty of a misdemeanor.]

CHAPTER 3056.-Police-Membership in labor organizations

SECTION 1. *

Paragraph 9 (as amended 1919-20, ch. 1, 41 Stat. 364). Organizations barred. No member of the Metropolitan police of the District of Columbia shall be or become a member of any organization, or of an organization affiliated with another organization, which itself, or any subordinate, component or affiliated organization of which holds, claims, or uses the strike to enforce its demands. Upon sufficient proof to the Commissioners of the Dis trict of Columbia that any member of the Metropolitan police of the District of Columbia has violated the provisions of this section, it shall be the duty of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to immediately discharge such member from the service.

Any member of the Metropolitan police who enters into a conspiracy, combination, or agreement with the purpose of substantially interfering with or obstructing the efficient conduct or operation of the police force in the District of Columbia by a strike or other disturbance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not more than $300 or by imprisonment of not more than six months, or by both.

No officer or member of the said police force, under penalty of forfeiting the salary or pay which may be due him, shall withdraw or resign, except by permission of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, unless he shall have given the major and superintendent one month's notice in writing of such intention.

CHAPTER 3438.-Employment offices

SECTION 1. [Definitions.]

SEC. 2. License.--[License from commissioners is required.]

SEC. 3. Applications.-[Applications must specify names of persons desiring license, and place business is to be conducted. Annual license fee is $25. Applicants must be of good character.]

SEC. 4. Bond.-[Bond must be given in the sum of $1,000, conditioned on the performance of all requirements and duties under the act; also for the benefit of persons aggrieved by the misconduct of the licensed person.] SEC. 5. Statements in licenses.-[Licenses must give names of licensees and show place of business.]

SEC. 6. Restrictions.-[Agencies may not be conducted in boarding or lodging houses. No application may be received for a child who can not be employed lawfully.]

SEC. 7. Registers.-[Registers must be kept showing names, addresses, work requested, fees received, etc.]

SEC. 8. Fees.-[Employers asking for help may be charged $2 for each employee desired, the fee to secure service for 30 days. Applicants for work may be charged $1, one-half to be returned on demand if no fair opportunity of employment is secured in 15 days. If wages are $25 per month or more, another dollar may be charged. The Whole and any travel costs must be refunded if no actual vacancy existed. Receipts must be given for all fees received. Dividing fees with contractors or agents is forbidden.]

SEC. 9. Enticing; outside employment.-[Forbids inducing domestic employees to leave service; requires full details to be given for employment offered outside the city.]

SEC. 10. Immoral resorts.-[Forbids sending females to any place of bad repute.]

SEC. 11. sioners.]

Enforcement.-[Enforcement is in hands of District Commis

ACTS OF 1911-12

CHAPTER 174.-Hours of labor on public contracts

[See under United States, secs. 8921, 8922]

ACTS OF 1912-13

CHAPTER 150-Public service employees-Hours of labor-Wages-Accidents

SECTION 8. *

PARAGRAPH 6. Information covered in report.—*

The [public utilities]

commission shall also ascertain in detail the gross and net income of the publie utility from all sources, the amounts paid for salaries to officers and the wages paid to its employees, and the maximum hours of continuous service required of each class. Whenever the information required by this paragraph is obtained it shall be printed in the annual report of the commission. In making such investigation the commission may avail itself of any information in possession of any department of the Government of the United States or of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia.

PAR. 89. Reports of accidents.-Every public utility shall, whenever an aceident attended with loss of human life or personal injury without loss of human life occurs within the District of Columbia, upon its premises, or directly or indirectly arising from or connected with its maintenance or operation give immediate notice thereof to the commission. In the event of any such accident, the commission, if it deem the public interest requires it, shall cause an investigation to be made forthwith.

ACTS OF 1914

CHAPTER 28.-Employment of women-Hours of labor

SECTION 1. Scope of act.-No female shall be employed in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, or restaurant, or telegraph or telephone establishment or office, or by any express or transportation company in the District of Columbia more than eight hours in any one day or more than six days or more than forty-eight hours in any one week.

SEC. 2. Nightwork.-No female under eighteen years of age shall be employed or permitted to work in or in connection with any of the establishments or oceupations named in section one of this act before the hour of seven o'clock in the morning or after the hour of six o'clock in the evening of any one day.

SEC. 3. Continuous employment.-No female shall be employed or permitted to work for more than six hours continuously at one time in any establishment or occupation named in section one of this act in which three or more such females are employed without an interval of at least three-quarters of an hour; except that such female may be so employed for not more than six and one-half hours continuously at one time if such employment ends not later than half past one o'clock in the afternoon and if she is then dismissed for the remainder of the day.

SEC. 4. List to be posted.-Every employer shall post and keep posted in a conspicuous place in every room in any establishment or occupation named in section one of this act in which any females are employed a printed notice stating the number of hours such females are required or permitted to work on each day of the week, the hours of beginning and stopping such work, and the hours of beginning and ending the recess allowed for meals. The printed form of such notice shall be furnished by the inspectors authorized by this act. The employment of any such female for a longer time in any day than that stated in the printed notice shall be deemed a violation of the provisions of this section. Where the nature of the business makes it impracticable to fix the recess allowed for meals at the same time for all females employed, the Inspectors authorized to enforce this act may issue a permit dispensing with the posting of the hours when the recess allowed for meals begins and ends,

and requiring only the posting of the total number of hours which females are required or permitted to work on each day of the week and the hours of beginning and stopping such work. Such permit shall be kept by such employer upon such premises and exhibited to all inspectors authorized to enforce this act.

SEC. 5. Record.—Every employer shall keep a time book or record for every female employed in any establishment or occupation named in section one of this act, stating the wages paid, the number of hours worked by her on each day of the week, the hours of beginning and stopping such work, and the hours of beginning and ending the recess allowed for meals. Such time book or record shall be open at all reasonable hours to the inspection of the officials authorized to enforce this act. Any employer who fails to keep such record as required by this section, or makes any false statement therein, or refuses to exhibit such time book or record, or makes any false statement to an official authorized to enforce this act in reply to any question put in carrying out the provisions of this act, shall be liable for a violation thereof.

SEC. 6. Inspectors.-The Commissioners of the District of Columbia are hereby authorized to appoint three inspectors, two of whom shall be women, to carry out the purposes of this act at a compensation not exceeding $1,200 each per annum.

SEC. 7. Entering rooms, etc.-The inspectors authorized by this act may in the discharge of their duties enter any place, building, or room where any labor is being performed by females which is affected by the provisions of this chapter whenever such inspectors may have reasonable cause to believe that any such labor is being performed therein.

SEC. 8. Inspection.-The inspectors authorized by this act shall visit and inspect the establishments and places of employment named in section one as often as practicable, during reasonable hours, and shall cause the provisions of this act to be enforced therein and also the provisions of an act entitled "An act to provide that all persons employing female help in stores, shops, or manufactories in the District of Columbia shall provide seats for the same when not actively employed," approved March second, eighteen hundred and ninety-five. They shall make a daily report to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and also report any cases of illegal employment contrary to the provisions of this act to the corporation counsel of the District of Columbia. SEC. 9. Violations.-Any person who violates or does not comply with any of the provisions of this act shall upon conviction be punished for a first offense by a fine of not less than $20 nor more than $50; for a second offense, by a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $200; for a third offense, by a fine of not less than $250.

It has been ruled by the corporation counsel of the District that this act does not apply to the female employees of the United States in the District.

It is constitutional. Earnshaw . Newman, 43 Wash. Law Rep. 198.

Dressmaking is manufacturing within the meaning of this act. Hotchkiss v. District

of Columbia, 43 Wash. Law Rep. 706.

FLORIDA

REVISED GENERAL STATUTES-1920

Private employment agencies-Tax

SECTION 890. Who to pay.-Employment agencies and intelligence offices: Owners or managers of, in cities and towns of ten thousand inhabitants or more, shall pay a license tax of ten dollars.

Stevedores

SECTIONS 2451, 2452. Licensing.-[Licenses may be granted by a board of commissioners of pilotage to a sufficient number of competent and trustworthy persons to act as stevedores, such license to be valid during good behavior. A bond of $300 is required.]

SEC. 2453. Rights of masters.-Nothing in this chapter shall be so construed Es to prevent any master of a ship or vessel from loading his own vessel with his own crew.

SEC. 2454. Freedom of choice.-No action shall be maintained in this State to enforce or secure any right given by a ship charter in which charter is a provision giving the charterer, consignee, or shipper a right in any way to interfere with the selection by the master or owner of a stevedore to load or unload his vessel. Every such charter shall be void in this State.

SEC. 2455. Bribery.-It shall not be lawful for any person to accept directly or indirectly any compensation for awarding or causing to be awarded to any person the loading or unloading of any vessel.

Sec. 2456. Interference.-It shall not be lawful for any person to control or attempt to control the owner or master of any vessel in awarding the loading or unloading of his vessel except by solicitation in his own behalf as a contracting stevedore regularly engaged in the business of stevedoring.

Payment of wages in scrip

SECTION 2522. Checks, etc., to be redeemable.-Any person, firm, or corporation issuing checks, coupons, punch outs, tickets, tokens, or other device in payment for labor, redeemable either wholly or partially in goods or merchandise, at their or any other place of business, shall, on demand of any legal holder thereof, on or after the ninetieth day succeeding the day of issuance, be liable for the full face value thereof in current money of the United States.

SEC. 2523. Payable to bearer. Any such checks, punch outs, coupons, tickets, tokens, or other device, issued by any person, firm or corporation in payment for labor, shall be considered and treated as payable to bearer in current money of the United States, notwithstanding any contrary stipulation or provision which may be therein contained.

SEC. 2524. Failure to redeem.-In case of failure of any person, firm, or corporation to pay any legal holder of any such check, punch out, ticket, coupon, token, or other device issued by them in payment for labor, the full face value thereof in current money of the United States, on or after the ninetieth day succeeding the day of issuance, when so demanded, such holder may immediately bring suit thereon in any court of competent jurisdiction, and, in addition to recovering the full face value thereof, with legal interest from demand, may recover ten per cent of said amount as attorney's fees in the same suit. This act is constitutional, except the provision as to an attorney's fee, which is not covered by the title, and is inoperative, but is severable. Prairie Pebble Phosphate Co. v. Silverman, 86 So. 508. ban

Wages as preferred claims-In administration

SECTION 3738. Rank.-[Liens of laborers, etc., rank after the expenses of the funeral, last sickness, judgments, and taxes.]

105446-25-19

Exemption of wages from garnishment

SECTION 3885. Personal earnings.-[No process shall issue to delay the payment of the earnings by personal labor or services of the head of a family residing in the State.]

Hours of labor

SECTION 4016. Ten hours a day's work.-Ten hours of labor shall be a legal day's work, and whenever any person employed to perform manual labor of any kind by the day, week, month, or year renders so many hours of labor, he shall be considered as having performed a legal day's work, unless a written contract has been signed by the person so employed and the employer, requiring a less or greater number of hours of labor to be performed daily.

SEC. 4017. Extra pay.-Unless such written contract has been made, the person employed shall be entitled to extra pay for all work performed by the requirement of his employer in excess of ten hours' labor daily.

Employment of children-General provisions

SECTION 4018. Newsboys, etc.-No boy under ten years of age, and no girl under sixteen years of age shall distribute, sell, expose, or offer for sale (1) newspapers, (2) magazines, (3) periodicals in any street or public place, in any city of six thousand population or more.

SEC. 4019. Age limit.-No child under twelve years of age shall be employed, permitted, or suffered to work in, about, or in connection with any (1) store, (2) office, or (3) in the transmission or sale of merchandise, (4) or in the transmission of messages, in any city of six thousand population or more.

SEC. 4020. Same.--No child under fourteen years of age shall be employed, permitted or suffered to work in, about, or in connection with any (1) mill, (2) factory, (3) workshop, (4) mechanical establishment, (5) laundry, (6) or on the stage of any theatre.

SECS. 4021-4025. Certificates.-[Certificates are required for the employment of children under 16 years of age in any factory, workshop, laundry, mine, or mill. Lists of names must be posted at entrances and a copy kept on file. Certificates are to be returned to the child or its parent or guardian at termination of employment. They issue only on approval of the school authorities. Evidence of age, schooling, and normal physical development are required, the child to appear personally. The educational test is ability to read and legibly write English sentences, and school attendance not less than 60 days during the school year next prior to arriving at the age of 14, or to the time of application for the certificate, with instruction in the common branches, including the fundamental operations of arithmetic and through common frac tions. The inspector may demand proof of age of any employed child apparently under the age of 16.]

SEC. 4026. Work time; posting.-[Children under the age of 16 may not be employed as above more than 6 days or 54 hours per week, or more than 9 hours per day, nor between 8 p. m. and 5 a. m. A schedule of work time must be posted.]

SEC. 4028. Messengers.-[No person under 18 may be employed in messenger or delivery service between 10 p. m. and 5 a. m.]

SEC. 4030. Dangerous occupations.-[The employment of children under the age of 16 in specified dangerous occupations is forbidden. For a similar list see secs. 3145, 3148, Delaware Code.]

SEC. 4031. Safety appliances.-It shall be the duty of the owner of any manufacturing establishment, where any person under sixteen years of age is employed, his agents, superintendents or other persons in charge of same, to furnish and supply, when practicable, or cause to be furnished and supplied to him belt shifters or other safe mechanical contrivance for the purpose of throwing belts on or off pulleys; and, whenever practicable, machinery therein shall be provided with loose belts. All vats, pans, saws, planes, cogs, gearing, belting, set screws and machinery of every description therein, which is pal pably dangerous, where practicable, shall be properly guarded; and no person shall remove or make ineffective any safeguard around or attached to any planer, saw, belting, shafting or other machinery, or around any vat, or pan, while the same is in use, unless for the purpose of immediately making repairs thereto, and all such safeguards shall be properly replaced. No person under eighteen years of age shall be allowed to clean machinery while in motion.