time of war or in cases where it may be necessary to work more than eight hours per calendar day for the protection of property or human life: Provided, That in all such cases the laborer, workman, or mechanic so employed and working to exceed eight hours per calendar day shall be paid on the basis of eight hours constituting a day's work: Provided further, That the rate of per diem wages paid to laborers, workmen or mechanics employed directly by the mayor and city council of Baltimore shall not be less than two dollars per diem: Provided further, That not less than the current rate of per diem wages in the locality where the work is performed shall be paid to laborers, workmen or mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors in the execution of any contract or contracts, in any public work within the city of Baltimore.

2. Employees of contractors.-All contracts hereafter made by or on behalf of the mayor and city council of Baltimore with any person or persons or corporation, for the performance of any work with [in] the city of Baltimore, shall be deemed and considered as made upon the basis of eight hours constituting a day's work, and it shall be unlawful for any such person or persons or corporation to require or permit any laborer, workman or mechanie to work more than eight hours per calendar day in doing such work, except in the cases and upon the conditions provided in section 2 [1] of this act.

SEC. 3. Violations.-[Violations are punishable by fine, $10 to $50, one-half of such fine to go to the informer.]

4. Limitation. The provisions of this act should not apply to the employees of the fire department, Bay View Asylum or the Baltimore City Jail.

ACTS OF 1916

CHAPTER 704.-License tax-Employment offices

SECTION 170. Tax.-[Requires an annual tax of $10 on each intelligence office or employment agency in the State.]

ACTS OF 1918

CHAPTER 85.-Motor vehicle law-Bribery of chauffeurs, etc.

SECTION 157. Bribery.—[It is unlawful for any chauffeur or other person having the care of a motor vehicle for its owner to receive, or for any dealer, repairer, etc., to give any bonus, discount or other consideration for supplies or parts furnished or labor done.]

CHAPTER 425-Bribery, etc., of employees making purchases

SECTIONS 1, 2. Acts forbidden.-[This act penalizes the giving or the receipt of any present, bonus, or commission to superintendents, managers, gardeners, foremen, or other employees making purchases of material, equipment, supplies, etc., for public parks, cemeteries, athletic grounds, club grounds, hotel grounds, country estates, etc.]

ACTS OF 1922

CHAPTER 29.-State labor officials

PART I

SECTION 1. Boards, etc.-The executive and administrative departments, boards and commissions of the State government are hereby created or recognized and continued as follows:

XIV. The State industrial accident commission.

XV. The commissioner of labor and statistics.

XVI. The department of State employment and registration.

PART II

XIV

SECTION 1. Industrial accident commission.-The State industrial accident commission, constituted and organized as at present, and having and exercising the rights, powers, duties, obligations and functions now or hereafter conferred by law, shall constitute a separate department of the State government.

XV

[This article abolishes the State board of labor and statistics, and creates the office of commissioner of labor and statistics in its stead. See article 89, section 1, p. 496.]

XVI

SECTION 1. Department of employment, etc.-The department of State em ployment and registration is hereby established.

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SEC. 2. How constituted.-The following boards and agencies shall be assigned to the department of employment and registration.

State board of barber examiners.

Board of examining engineers.

Board of electrical examiners and supervisors.

Board of examiners of horseshoers.

State board of commissioners of practical plumbing.

MASSACHUSETTS

GENERAL LAWS-1921

CHAPTER 23.-Department of labor and industries

SECTION 1 (as amended 1921, ch. 306). Department established.—There shall be a department of labor and industries, under the supervision and control of a commissioner of labor and industries, in this chapter called the commissioner, an assistant commissioner, who shall be a woman, and three associate commissioners, one of whom shall be a representative of labor and one a representative of employers of labor.

SEC. 2. Term of commissioner.-Upon the expiration of the term of office of a commissioner, an assistant commissioner, or an associate commissioner, his successor shall be appointed for three years by the governor, with the advice and consent of the council. The commissioner shall receive such salary not exceeding seventy-five hundred dollars, and the assistant commissioner and associate commissioners such salaries, not exceeding four thousand dollars each, as the governor and council determine.

SEC. 3 (as amended 1921, ch. 306). Duties.-The commissioner shall be the executive and administrative head of the department. He shall have charge of the administration and enforcement of all laws, rules, and regulations which it is the duty of the department to administer and enforce, and shall direct all inspections and investigations except as otherwise provided. He shall organize in the department a division of standards and such other divisions as he may from time to time determine, and may assign the officers and employees of the department thereto. He shall prepare for the consideration of the assistant commissioner and the associate commissioners rules and regulations for the conduct of the department and all other rules and regulations which the department is authorized by law to make, and they shall, except as otherwise provided, take effect when approved by the associate commissioners and the assistant commissioner, or upon such date as they determine. The commissioner may designate the assistant commissioner or an associate commissioner to discharge the duties of the commissioner during his absence or disability.

SEC. 4 (as amended 1922, ch. 196). Appointees.-The commissioner, assistant commissioner and associate commissioners may, with the approval of the governor and council, appoint, and fix the salaries of, not more than five directors, and may, with like approval, remove them. One of them, to be known as the director of standards, shall have charge of the division of standards, and each of the others shall be assigned to take charge of a division. The commissioner may employ, for periods not exceeding ninety days, such experts as may be necessary to assist the department in the performance of any duty imposed upon it by law, and such employment shall be exempt from chapter thirty-one. Except as otherwise provided in section eleven, the commissioner may employ and remove such inspectors, investigators, clerks, and other assistants as the work of the department may require, and fix their compensation. Four inspectors shall be men who, before their employment as such, have had at least three years' experience as building construction workmen. The commissioner may require that certain inspectors in the department, not more than seven in number, shall be persons qualified by training and experience in matters relating to health and sanitation. The commissioner may employ temporarily, from time to time, such persons to act as surveyors of lumber as he may find necessary for making the surveys applied for, and such employment shall be exempt from chapter thirty-one. He may fix their compensation and, subject to his approval, they may be allowed reasonable expenses incurred in the performance of their official duties.

SEC. 5 (as amended 1921, ch. 306). To give whole time.-All directors, inspectors, and other permanent employees of the department shall devote their whole time to the affairs of the department; and all directors and inspectors and such other employees as may be designated by the commissioner shall, before entering upon their duties, be sworn to the faithful performance thereof.

The number of inspectors heretofore authorized by law may be increased only with the approval of the governor and council. The commissioner, assistant commissioner, and associate commissioners shall determine from time to time how many of the inspectors employed shall be women,

SEC. 6. Assistant commissioner.-In all matters relating specifically to women and minors the assistant commissioner shall have and exercise such duties and authority as may be prescribed by the commissioner, with the approval of the associate commissioners.

SEC. 7. Associate commissioners.-The associate commissioners shall constitute the board of conciliation and arbitration, and shall have the powers and perform the duties given them by chapter one hundred and fifty relative to conciliation and arbitration of industrial disputes, and chapter one hundred and fifty-one relative to the minimum wage. The board shall have assigned to it such assistants from the officers and employees of the department as the commissioner and the board from time to time determine.

CHAPTER 31.-Public works—Preference of citizens

SECTION 19. Preference.-In all work of any branch of the service of the Commonwealth, or of any city or town therein, citizens of the Commonwealth shall be given preference.

CHAPTER 32.-Retirement of employees

SECTIONS 39-41. Associations; exemption of funds, etc.-[Associations may be formed for the purpose of providing annuities, pensions, or endowments for employees retiring from employment on account of age. Contributions to a retirement fund may be deducted by the employer and paid to the association, together with such of his own contributions as the by-laws may provide for, Provision must be made for payments to representatives or appointees of employees dying before reaching the age of retirement, or for those leaving the service before becoming entitled to annuities. The by-laws must be approved by the commissioner of insurance, and annual reports must be made to him; he may also verify the statements by examining books and papers; but the association is not otherwise subject to laws relating to insurance companies. The property of such associations, the employees' contributions, and their annuity rights are exempt from taxation, from the bankruptcy laws, and from execution or attachment. Assignments of rights in such funds are invalid.]

CHAPTER 55.-Protection of employees as voters

SECTION 27. Threats.—No person shall, by threatening to discharge a person from his employment or to reduce his wages, or by promising to give him employment at higher wages, attempt to influence a voter to give or to withhold his vote, or, because of the giving or withholding of a vote, discharge a person from his employment or reduce his wages.

CHAPTER 76.-Employment of children-School attendance

SECTION 1 (as amended 1921, ch. 463). Age.-[Every child under 16 who has not completed the sixth grade of school and not holding an employment certificate and employed in some regular occupation for at least 6 hours a day, or holding a permit to engage in profitable employment at home must attend school during the full term, unless mentally or physically disqualified.]

CHAPTER 101.-Employment of children in street trades

SECTION 19. Regulations.—[Aldermen or selectmen may make regulations, consistent with the general laws, governing the employment of children as bootblacks or in the sale of merchandise.]

SECS. 20, 21. Violations.-[Persons having charge of minors, or persons employing minors, who violate or aid any minor to violate the provisions of this act may be fined or imprisoned.]

CHAPTER 111.-Vaccination of employees in factories

SECTION 182. Vaccination may be required.-The board of health of a town where any incorporated manufacturing company is situated may, if

it decides that it is necessary for the health of the inmates or of the public safety, require the authorities of said establishment at the expense thereof, to cause all said inmates to be vaccinated.

CHAPTER 140.-Private employment offices

SECTIONS 41, 42. License required.-[Persons conducting employment offices for servants, laborers, etc., other than seamen, must have a license, issued by the local authorities, who may also revoke such license at pleasure.]

SEC. 43. Fees.-[No fee may be demanded from an applicant for work unless employment of the kind demanded is furnished.]

SEC. 44. Return of fee.-[If the employee is discharged within 10 days not for fault of his own, he may, on demand, have returned five-sixths of any fee paid on account of the employment.]

SEC. 45. Law to be printed.-Sections 43 to 46 must be printed on each license, and also posted in the offices.]

SEC. 46. Violations.-[Keepers violating the law may be fined and have their licenses suspended or revoked.]

CHAPTER 143.-Factory, etc., regulations-Plans for buildings

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SECTION 15. Building regulations.-Except in Boston, no building which is designed to be used, or in which alteration shall be made for the purpose of using it, or continuing its use, in whole or in part, as a * factory, workshop or mercantile or other establishment, and to have accommodations for ten or more employees, shall be erected, and no alteration shall be made therein until a copy of the plans and specifications thereof has been deposited with the supervisor of plans by the person causing its erection or alteration or by the architect thereof. Such plans and specifications shall include those for heating, ventilation and sanitation, if the supervisor of plans so requires. Such building shall not be so erected or altered without sufficient egresses and other means of escape from fire, properly located and constructed. * After a certificate of approval or a specification of requirement has been issued, no change shall be made in the plans or specification or in the building without the written permission of the supervisor of plans.

CHAPTER 143.-Protection of employees on buildings

SECTION 17. Protection against falling material.-If, in the erection of an iron or steel framed building, the spaces between the girders or floor beams of any floor are not filled or covered by the permanent construction of said floors before another story is added to the building, a close plank flooring shall be placed and maintained over such spaces from the time when the beams or girders are placed in position until said permanent construction is applied; but openings protected by a strong handrailing not less than four feet high may be left through said floors for the passage of workmen or material: Provided, That when such flooring can not be used without serious interference with the work of construction, such provision shall be made to protect the workmen from falling material as the inspector shall direct.

SEC. 18. Staging required.-In the construction of any iron or steel framed building having a clear story of twenty-five feet elevation or more, a staging with a close plank flooring shall be placed under and not more than ten feet below the under side of the whole extent of the beams, girders or trusses of such story upon which iron or steel workers are working.

SEC. 19. Violations.--[Violations are punishable by a fine, $50 to $500.]

CHAPTER 143.-Factory, etc., regulations-Fire escapes

SECTION 21. Fire escapes.—Except in Boston, any building in which ten or more persons are employed in a factory, workshop, mercantile or other establishment ** the owner, lessee or mortgagee in possession whereof is notified in writing by an inspector that sections fifteen to sixty, inclusive, apply thereto, shall be provided with proper egresses or other means of escape from fire sufficient for the use of all persons employed therein, but no owner, lessee or mortagee in possession of such building shall be deemed to have violated this provision unless he has been notified in writing by an inspector as to what additional egresses or means of escape from fire are necessary, and for thirty days has neglected or refused to provide the