ting, equipping, etc., of the same; or for work in the construction, maintenance, operation, etc., of any fishing boat, net, seine, fish trap, weir, scow or other craft or gear used in taking, transporting, etc., fish. (Secs. 10281-10310.)

Pennsylvania. For work done or materials and supplies furnished for building, repairing, fitting, furnishing, etc., any ship, steamboat or vessel. (Statutes, secs. 802-826.)

To contractors and subcontractors erecting, constructing, removing, altering, or repairing any structure or other improvement, including outhouses, sidewalks, yards, fences, walls, or other inclosure, and the fitting or equipment, including paper hanging, grates, furnaces, etc.; equipping with machinery, gearing, boilers, engines, cars, and other appliances; laying or relaying rails, ties, or pipes, stringing wires, erecting poles, etc. (Secs. 14632-14721.)

In cases of public improvements, subcontractors have a lien on amounts due contractors. (Secs. 14722-14726.)

Rhode Island.-For work done and materials used in the construction, erection, or repair of any building, canal, turnpike, railroad, or other improvement. (G. L. ch. 301, secs. 1-23.)

To jewelers, watchmakers, or silversmiths who alter, repair, or do any work on any article of personal property. (Sec. 30.)

South Carolina.-To mechanics on any property left at their shops for repair. (Civil Code, sec. 2614, amended 1922, No. 523.) To any person performing or furnishing labor or furnishing material used in the erection, alteration, or repair of any building or structure on any real estate or for the boring and equipping of wells. (Secs. 4113 (amended 1922, No. 526), 4114-4151.)

Laborers have a first lien on money received by contractor, but the owner is not thereby made responsible. (Sec. 4152; Cr. Code, sec. 451.)

To persons performing labor or furnishing materials for the construction, repair, or launching of any ship or vessel. (Civil Code, secs. 4153-4160.)

For labor performed or furnished and materials furnished and used in the construction, alteration, or repair of any railroad. (Sec. 4161.)

To laborers who assist in making any crop. (Secs. 4163-4168.) To employees of factories, mines, mills, distilleries, and all and every kind of manufacturing establishment. (Secs. 4173 (amended 1915, No. 155), 4174, 4175.)

To laborers, mechanics, subcontractors, and persons furnishing material for the improvement of real estate. (Acts of 1916, No. 375.)

South Dakota.-To miners and other persons performing labor of any kind on any mine, mining claim, or oil well or spring, or aiding in the operation and development thereof. (R. C., secs. 1631-1642.)

To any one contributing to the improvement of real estate by performing labor or furnishing skill, material, or machinery for the erection, alteration, repair, or removal of any building, fixture, bridge, fence, or other structure, digging or repairing any ditch, drain, well, cistern, reservoir, or vault, or laying, altering, or repairing any sidewalk, curb, gutter, paving, sewer, pipe, or conduit; or for

the construction, alteration, or repair of any line of railway or structure or appurtenance thereof, or of any telegraph, telephone, or electric light line, pipe, conduit, or subway. (Sec. 1643-1659.)

To persons performing labor or furnishing materials for the construction of any work, including drainage ditches, for any county or municipal or public school corporation, on the moneys due or to become due under the contract. (Secs. 1660-1668.)

To mates and seamen, for wages. (Sec. 1698.)

To any person who makes, alters, or repairs any article of personal property. (Sec. 1700.)

To every craftsman, on property left with him for repairs. (Acts of 1923, ch. 217.)

Tennessee. To mechanics, founders, machinists, journeymen, etc., doing work or furnishing material for the construction, building, or repair of any house, or for fixtures, machinery, or improvements. (Code, secs. 3531-3546.)

To any one doing work or furnishing materials for building, repairing, furnishing, or equipping any steam or keel boat. (Secs. 3547, 3548.)

To silversmiths, locksmiths, gunsmiths, blacksmiths, and artisans generally, on materials or articles left with them to be repaired. (Secs. 3559-3563.)

To employees and laborers of persons, firms, etc., engaged in mercantile business. (Secs. 3566a-3566a-3.)

To persons performing labor or rendering service for cultivating soil and producing a crop. (Secs. 3567-3569.)

To persons grading the way of a railroad, or constructing or repairing culverts and bridges, furnishing crossties, laying tracks, erecting depots, platforms, stations, section houses, shops, or other buildings, or furnishing labor or materials therefor. (Secs. 35703586.)

To any mechanic, contractor, founder, or machinist, for repairing, improving, etc., any vehicle, however propelled. (Secs. 3592a-53592a-6 (amended 1919, ch. 55), 3592a-7.)

Texas. To any artisan, laborer, mechanic, person, firm, or corporation who may labor or furnish material, machinery, etc., to erect any house or improvement or repair any building or improvement whatever, or for the construction or repair of levees or of railroads, including the clearing, grubbing, draining, or fencing of lands, constructing, etc., wells, cisterns, tanks, reservoirs, and machinery and pumps for raising water for stock, domestic use, or irrigation. (R. Civ. S., arts. 5621 (amended 1917, ch. 171), 56225639.)

To mechanics, laborers, and operatives performing labor in the construction, operation, or repair of any railroad, locomotive, car, or other equipment. (Arts. 5640–5643.)

To clerks, accountants, bookkeepers, artisans, craftsmen, factory or mill operatives, servants, mechanics, quarrymen, laborers, farm hands, for service in any office, store, hotel, shop, mine, quarry, factory, or on any farm. (Arts. 5644-5649.)

To persons doing repairs or labor or furnishing supplies or materials for or on account of any domestic vessel. (Arts. 5650-5651.)

To carpenters, mechanics, artisans, or other workmen repairing any article, implement, utensil, or vehicle. (Arts. 5665-5671.) To artisans, laborers and mechanics, persons, firms, or corporations performing labor or furnishing material for digging, drilling, torpedoing, operating, or maintaining any oil or gas well, water well, mine or quarry, or oil or gas pipe line. (Acts of 1917, ch. 17.)

Utah. To mechanics, material men, foundry men, boiler makers, and all persons of every class performing labor upon or furnishing materials to be used in the construction, alteration, or repair of any building, bridge, ditch, flume, aqueduct, tunnel, fence, railroad, wagon road, or other structure, or improvement upon land, including mines, lodes, mining claims, etc., but not public buildings, structures, or improvements. (C. L., secs. 3722-3751.)

To mechanics or other persons making, altering, repairing, or bestowing labor on any article of personal property. (Secs. 37733775.)

Vermont.-To persons performing labor or furnishing material for building, repairing, fitting, or furnishing a ship, vessel, or steamboat; or for erecting, repairing, moving, or altering a building, steam engine, or water wheel attached to real estate. (G. L., secs. 2808-2816.)

To any person making, altering, or repairing any article of personal property, or cutting or drawing logs. (Secs. 2817-2823.)

Virginia. To all persons performing labor or furnishing material of the value of $10 or more, for the construction, removal, repair, or improvement of any building or structure permanently annexed to the freehold; or for the construction of any railroad. (A. C., sees. 6426 (amended 1922, ch. 498), 6427-6429, 6429a (added 1924, ch. 435), 6430-6435, 6436 (amended 1924, ch. 282), 6437 (amended 1920, ch. 415).)

To all conductors, brakemen, engine drivers, firemen, stewards, clerks, depot or office agents, storekeepers, mechanics, traveling representatives, or laborers, and all persons necessary to the operation of any railway, canal, or other transportation company, and all clerks, mechanics, traveling representatives, and laborers of mining or manufacturing companies. (Secs. 6438 (amended 1922, ch. 9), 6439-6442.)

To every mechanic altering or repairing any article of personal property. (Sec. 6443; amended 1924, ch. 413.)

Washington. To persons performing labor or furnishing materials to be used in the construction, alteration, or repair of any mining claim, building, wharf, bridge, ditch, dike, flume, tunnel, well, fence, machinery, railroad, street railway, wagon road, aqueduct to create hydraulic power, or any other structure, or who perform labor in any mine or mining claim or stone quarry. (C. and S., secs. 1129-1148.)

To persons performing labor in the operation of any railway, canal, or transportation company, or any water, mining, or manufacturing company, sawmill, lumber, or timber company. (Secs. 1149-1153.)

To persons, firms, or corporations performing labor or furnishing material in the construction or repair of any chattel. (Secs. 1154-1157, all amended 1917, ch. 68.)

To persons performing labor on or assisting in obtaining or securing saw logs, spars, piles, cordwood, shingle bolts, or other timber, owners of tug or tow boats towing or assisting in towing the same, owners of teams or logging engines, or of logging or other railroads hauling or assisting in hauling or moving the same; scalers, cooks, waiters, etc., in camps are included. (Sec. 1162 (as amended 1923, ch. 10) -1181.)

For services rendered on board steamers, vessels, and boats, and for work done or material furnished for the construction, repair, or equipment thereof; also for services of stevedores. (Secs. 11821187.)

To any person doing labor on any farm or land, in tilling the same, or sowing, harvesting, or threshing grain. (Secs. 1188-1190a.) To any person or corporation doing or causing to be done any labor on any orchard or orchard land, in pruning, spraying, cultivating, and caring for the same. (Acts of 1917, ch. 110.)

West Virginia.-To every person, firm, or corporation erecting, building, constructing, altering, removing, or repairing any building or other structure or improvement appurtenant thereto, or furnishing materials, machinery, or necessary supplies therefor, or performing labor in connection therewith; and to workmen, artisans, mechanics, laborers, or other persons performing labor in such erection, repair, etc. (Code Supp., secs. 3851a-3851j, 38511-3855.)

For work and labor done on steamboats, steamers, and vessels. (Sec. 3856.)

Wisconsin.-To every person, firm, corporation, or association who performs or procures to be performed any work or labor, or furnishes materials for the erection, construction, repair, protection, or removal of any dwelling, house, building, or appurtenance thereto, structure, bridge, wharf, dock, pier, fence, wall screen, or other permanent erection, on any machinery becoming a part of the freehold; fixtures for gas, water, electricity, or heat; or digging, dredg ing, etc., any channel, well, cellar, vault, fountain, etc.; making, repairing, etc., any walk, sidewalk, or curbing, or grading, graveling, leveling, or repairing any street, alley, roadway, or gutter; or setting out or planting any hedge, fruit, or ornamental trees. (Statutes, secs. 3314-3328.)

To persons, including cooks, doing or performing any labor or service in cutting, hauling, running, piling, rafting, booming, sawing, peeling, etc., or manufacturing into lumber or timber any logs, timber, stave bolts, heading, pulp, fire or cord wood, ties, poles, posts, etc., or preparing wood for the manufacture of charcoal. (Secs. 3329-3337, 3341.)

To persons performing labor or services in mining, manufacturing, or smelting iron, copper, silver, or other ores or minerals; or quarrying, cutting, crushing, or otherwise preparing stone for building, paving, monumental, or other use. (Secs. 3342e-3342m.)

To every mechanic, jeweler, watchmaker, or silversmith making, altering, or repairing any article of personal property. (Secs. 3343, 3346m.)

Persons furnishing material or labor for public improvements have a lien on the money, bonds, or warrants due the contractor. (Sec. 3347dd.)

To persons shoeing or causing to be shod any horse, mule, ox, or other animal. (Secs. 3347e-3347q.)

For work done or services rendered in building, repairing, fitting out, furnishing, or equipping any ship, boat, or vessel. (Secs. 3348-3357.)

Wyoming.-To any mechanic, artisan, civil engineer, or laborer who shall make, alter, repair, or bestow labor on any article of personal property or upon the construction of any ditch, canal, or reservoir or appurtenances thereto. (C. S., secs. 3753 (amended 1913, ch. 100), 3757-3766.)

For labor in cutting or manufacturing railroad ties, wood, poles, or lumber. (Secs. 3767, 3768.)

To miners and other persons working in or on any ledge or lode of quartz bearing gold, silver, lead, cinnabar, or copper, or on any coal bank or mine, or doing assessment work thereon; or on or in any soda well or lake, oil well or spring; or laboring or furnishing materials for timbering shafts, erecting apparatus, etc., including hauling and transportation. (Secs. 3778-3798.)

To every mechanic or other person doing or performing any work, or labor, or furnishing materials, fixtures, or machinery for any building, erection, or improvement on land. (Secs. 3799-3820.) To laborers and miners performing labor in opening or developing any coal mine, mining coal, and the like. (Acts of 1911, ch. 26, amended 1919, ch. 26.)

To mechanics, artisans, civil engineers, laborers, etc., doing work or furnishing material for the construction or repair of any ditch, canal, or reservoir. (Acts of 1917, ch. 54.)

To every person, firm, corporation, artisan, laborer, etc., doing work or furnishing material, fuel, etc., for constructing, altering, digging, drilling, operating, repairing, etc., gas, oil, or other wells, mines or quarries, oil derricks, tanks, or pipe lines. (Acts of 1919, ch. 128.)

PROTECTION OF WAGES OF EMPLOYEES, ETC., OF CONTRACTORS

Supplemental to the liens granted as set forth in the foregoing digest, a number of States provide for a form of protection of the wages due employees of contractors and of the amounts owing persons supplying materials, etc., to such contractors, which differs in some important respects from such liens.

This relates most frequently but not exclusively to public works, and requires that contractors shall, prior to entering upon the work, give a bond to the companies or officials with whom the contract is made. This is to run to the contracting company or official or board, or to the State, as the law may direct, and is for the use of persons claiming as laborers or material men to whom the contractor is indebted. These laws are quite uniform in their provisions and a single one will serve as a sufficient presentation of their form and scope. The law of the State of Washington relating to contracts for public works contains the customary provisions, except that in some States a special limitation is provided, while in others the general