there is no adequate remedy at law, and such property or property rights must be described with particularity in the application, which must be in writing and sworn to by the applicant or his agent or attorney.

SEC. 6816. Strikes. No restraining order or injunction shall prohibit any person or persons, whether singly or in concert, from terminating any relation of employment or from ceasing to perform any work or labor; or from rec ommending, advising or persuading others by peaceful means so to do; or from attending at any place where any person or persons may lawfully be, for the purpose of peacefully obtaining or communicating information, or from peacefully persuading any such person to abstain from working; or from ceasing to patronize any party to such dispute; or from recommending, advising, or persuading others by peaceful or lawful means so to do; or from paying or giving to, or withholding from, any person engaged in such dispute, any strike benefits or other moneys or things of value; or from peaceably assembling in a lawful manner, and for lawful purposes; or from doing any act or thing which might lawfully be done in the absence of such dispute by a single individual; or shall any of the acts specified in this section be considered or held to be illegal or unlawful in any court of the State.

SEC. 6817. Status of labor.-The labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce, and the right to enter into the relation of employer and employee, or to change that relation; or to assume and create a new relation for employer and employee; or to work and labor as an employee, shall be held and construed to be a personal and not a property right. In all cases involving the violation of the contract of employment, either by the employee or employer, where no irreparable damage is about to be committed on the property, personal rights, or property rights of either, no injunction shall be granted, but the parties shall be left to their remedy at law. SEC. 6818. No indictment, etc.-No person shall be indicted, prosecuted, or tried in any court of this State for entering into or carrying on any arrange ment, agreement, or combination between themselves made with a view of lessening the number of hours of labor or increasing the wages or bettering the conditions of working men and women, or for any act done in pursuance thereof, unless such act is in itself forbidden by law if done by a single individual.

SEC. 6819. Provisions severable.-If any part of this act shall for any reason be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judg ment shall not affect, impair nor invalidate the remainder of this act, but shall be confined in its operation to the particular part thereof directly involved in the controversy wherein such judgment shall have been rendered.

Conciliation and arbitration-State board

SECTION 6820. Board created.-A board is hereby created which shall be known as the State board of conciliation and shall consist of three commissioners. Immediately upon taking effect of this act the governor shall appoint two of such commissioners, one to be selected from a list of five names to be submitted by the Employers' Association of Portland, and one from a list of five names to be submitted by the State Federation of Labor; and the third member of said board shall be chosen by the commissioners appointed by the governor, within ten days from the date of their appointment. If the two commissioners appointed by the governor shall be unable to agree upon the third member of the board within ten days from the date of their appointment, then the governor shall appoint such third member of the board. * the commissioners shall be appointed * for terms of four years, respectively.

*

SEC. 6821. Removal.-The governor may, at any time, remove any commissioner for inefficiency, neglect of duty or malfeasance in office. Before such removal he shall give such commissioner a copy of the charges against him and shall fix the time when he can be heard in his own defense, which shall not be less than ten days thereafter, and such hearing shall be open to the public. If such commissioner shall be removed, the governor shall file in the office of the secretary of state a complete statement of all charges made against such commissioner and his findings thereon, with a record of the proceedings. Such power of removal shall be absolute, and there shall be no right of review by any court on any condition whatsoever. Upon the removal of such commissioner a successor shall be appointed to fill out the unexpired

term, and shall be selected in the same manner and from the same class as the commissioner so removed was selected from. Before entering on the duties of his office each commissioner shall take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation that he will support the Constitution of the United States and of this State, and to faithfully and honestly discharge the duties of such office of commissioner, which oath or affirmation shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state.

SEC. 6822. Organization, etc.-The board shall meet at the State capitol and shall organize by the election of one of its members as chairman and another member as secretary. As soon as practicable after its organization the board shall establish such rules of procedure as may be necessary to conduct the business of the board. Suitable rooms at the capitol shall be provided by the State for the use of the board.

SEC. 6823. Compensation.-Each member of the board shall receive five dollars ($5) for each day of actual service, and his necessary traveling and other expenses. Each month the chairman of the board shall certify the amount due each member of the board for service rendered and expenses incurred in the performance of his official duties hereunder, and on presentation of a claim therefor the secretary of state shall audit same in the manner provided by law and draw his warrant on the State treasurer out of the moneys appropriated therefor.

SEC. 6824. Powers.-The board shall possess all the powers and authority in respect to administering oaths, subpoenaing witnesses and compelling their attendance, preserving order during the sittings of the board, punishing for contempt, and requiring the production of books, papers, and writings, and all other powers and privileges, in their nature applicable and necessary in conducting its business, in the same manner as is conferred by law on all the judges of the circuit court of the State of Oregon in the trial of any cause, and shall have access to any reports, documents, or records filed with or in the custody of any officer in the State of Oregon.

SEC. 6825. Procedure.-When a controversy or difference, not involving a question which may be the subject of an action or proceeding in a court of this State, exists between an employer and his employees, or whenever it shall come to the knowledge of the board that a strike or lockout is seriously threatened in the State, involving an employer and his employees, if he is employing not less than fifty persons, the board shall immediately put itself in communication with such employer and employees and ascertain the cause of such difference, strike or lockout, and endeavor to persuade such employer and employees to adjust the same. If such employer and employees are unable to adjust the difference existing between them, then either of the parties to the controversy, or the officials of the city in which such strike or lockout may exist, or the officials of the county in which the same may be, if outside of any incorporated city or town, may request the board to make an investigation of the cause or causes of such strike or lockout.

SEC. 6826. Investigation.-Upon receiving such request to investigate a strike or lockout, the board shall immediately proceed to such city or county and make such investigation by a public hearing, and shall issue notice of the time and place and purpose of such hearing to said employer and to said employees. The board may issue subpoenas requiring the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such records, books, and papers as it may deem necessary to make a thorough investigation of the merits and cause or causes of such strike or lockout. Subpoenas may be signed and oaths administered by any member of the board. Said notices and subpoenas shall be delivered to the sheriff of the county in which the board is holding its investigation, and shall be served in the same manner as similar process is served in the Circuit Court of the State of Oregon.

SEC. 6827. Findings.-The board shall proceed with due diligence to complete the investigation of such strike or lockout, and shall make such findings and recommendations to the respective parties as it may deem just. If either or both of the parties are not satisfied with such findings and recommendations, then either party may make written application to the board to have such controversy or difference submitted to a board of arbitration. The application shall contain a concise statement of the grievances complained of, and an agreement to abide by such award as the board of arbitration may make. SEC. 6828. Arbitration.-The board of arbitration shall consist of three arbitrators. Such board may be mutually agreed upon, or the employer may

designate ône arbitrator and the employees or their duly authorized agent another, and the arbitrators so designated shall select a third, who shall be chairman of the said board. If the two arbitrators shall be unable to agree upon the third member within two days from the date of their appointment, then the State board of conciliation shall appoint such third arbitrator. The board of arbitration shall have all the powers and authority conferred upon the State board of conciliation, as provided in section 6824, in investigating such controversy, strike, or lockout.

SEC. 6829. Refusing conciliation. If either of the parties shall refuse to accept the findings and recommendations of the State board of conciliation, or shall refuse to consent to the appointment of a board of arbitration and agree to accept and abide by the award of such board of arbitration, then the State board of conciliation shall prepare written findings, and determine therein the party who is responsible for the existence or continuance of such strike or lockout; and shall deliver a copy of such findings to each of the parties to the controversy, and file one copy with the clerk of the county court of the county in which such investigation was held, and one copy in the office of the Commissioner of Labor of the State of Oregon, which last two copies shall be public documents.

SEC. 6830. Witness fees.-Each witness summoned by the State board of conciliation, or by the board of arbitration, shall receive $2 for each day's attendance, and 5 cents for each mile necessarily traveled in going to and from the place of such hearing. The chairman of the State board of conciliation or the chairman of the board of arbitration, as the case may be, shall certify the amount due each witness and file the same with the clerk of the county court in the county in which such hearing is being held, and such claim shall be audited by the county court and allowed in the same manner as witness fees in criminal actions in the circuit court.

SEC. 6831. Pay for arbitrators.-Each member of a board of arbitration shall receive from the county in which the controversy exists the sum of $5 for each day of actual service, not exceeding twenty days, for any arbitration, to be certified to the clerk of the county court by the chairman of the board; and such claim shall be audited and allowed by the county court in the same manner as witness fees in criminal actions in the circuit court.

SEC. 6832 Findings.—The board of arbitration shall file a copy of its findings and award with each of the parties to the controversy, a copy with the clerk of the county court of the county in which such hearing is held, a copy with the State board of conciliation, and a copy with the Commissioner of Labor of the State of Oregon, within ten days from the date of the final hearing: Provided, That the State board of conciliation may allow an extension of time to file such findings and award, not to exceed twenty days. No claim for services shall be allowed any member of the board of arbitration until the findings and award shall have been filed as herein provided.

SEC. 6833. Reports.-On the thirty-first day of July of each year the State board of conciliation shall make a report to the governor, containing such statements, facts, and explanations as will disclose its methods and work, with such suggestions as to legislation conducive to the adjustment of disputes between employers and employees as it may deem proper.

Mine regulations-Signals

SECTIONS 7642-7645. Code.-[A code of bell signals to be used in mines hav ing a power hoist is enacted, with rules for their enforcement. Violations by employees bar recovery for injuries and are grounds for discharge. Companies failing to comply may be fined $25 to $250.]

Employment of women-Minority

SECTION 9782. Effect of marriage, etc.—All female persons shall be deemed to have arrived at the age of majority upon their being married, according to law, or, for the purpose of consenting to the adoption of an illegitimate child when it is shown in the court in which such adoption proceedings are pending that such female person is the mother of said illegitimate child: Provided, however, That in the enforcement of the laws regulating the hours of labor of minor children any female under the age of eighteen years shall be regarded as a minor and subject to the labor laws applying to minor children.

Wages as preferred claims-In receiverships, etc.

SECTION 10210. Amount, etc.-[Where the property of any company, association, person, or firm goes into the hands of a receiver, or is assigned for the benefit of creditors, debts owing laborers or employees, not exceeding $100 to each employee, earned within 90 days prior to the transfer, are to be paid first in full, if assets permit, otherwise pro rata; forms and procedure are prescribed.] ACTS OF 1921

CHAPTER 169.-Factory, etc., regulations-State fire marshal

SECTION 2. Rules.-It shall be the duty of the State fire marshal to enforce all laws and all lawful ordinances, and make rules and regulations relating to: 1. The prevention of fires.

2. The storage and use of combustibles and explosives.

3. The construction, maintenance, and regulation of fire escapes.

4. To oversee the safety of and direct the means and adequacy of exit in case of fire from factories, * * * and all other places where large numbers of persons work, live, or congregate from time to time for any purpose.

CHAPTER 217.-Electric lines and plants-Safety provisions

SECTIONS 1, 2. Standards.—[The public service commission may, after hearing on its own motion or on complaint, make general or special orders' governing telegraph, telephone, signal, trolley or power lines, requiring construction, maintenance and operation, use of equipment, etc., so as to protect the health and safety of employees and the public. Penalties are $100 to $10,000 for each offense.]

PENNSYLVANIA

CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE III.-Labor legislation

SECTION 7. Local and special laws.-The general assembly shall not pass any local or special law; ** regulating labor, trade, mining, or manufactur

ing. * * *

SEC. 21 (as amended 1915). Injuries to employees.-The general assembly may enact laws requiring the payment by employers, or employers and employees jointly, of reasonable compensation for injuries to employees arising in the course of their employment, and for occupational diseases of employees, whether or not such injuries or diseases result in death, and regardless of fault of employer or employee, and fixing the basis of ascertainment of such compensation and the maximum and minimum limits thereof, and providing special or general remedies for the collection thereof; but in no other cases shall the general assembly limit the amount to be recovered for injuries resulting in death, or for injuries to persons or property, and in case of death from such injuries the right of action shall survive, and the general assembly shall prescribe for whose benefit such actions shall be prosecuted. No act shall prescribe any limitations of time within which suits may be brought against corporations for injuries to persons or property or for other causes different from those fixed by general laws regulating actions against natural persons, and such acts now existing are avoided.

STATUTES-1920

Wages as preferred claims

SECTION 766. Insolvency.-[Claims for wages have the same preference in case of assignments as provided by law in case of executions.]

SEC. 767. Current wages.-[Wages necessarily incurred in service rendered to an assignee or receiver must be paid as a part of the expenses of the assignment.]

SEC. 783. Sending claims out of the State.-[It is unlawful for a citizen to assign or transfer a claim against a resident of the State for the purpose of depriving the debtor of his right to wage exemptions under the law of Pennsylvania.]

Badges, etc., of labor organizations

SECTION 1050. Unauthorized wearing.-Any person who shall willfully wear any insignia or button of any association, society, or trades-union, or use the same to obtain aid or assistance, within this State, unless he shall be entitled to use or wear the same under the constitution and by-laws, rules and regu lations, of such organizations shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not to exceed one hundred dollars, and in default of payment committed to jail for a period of not to exceed sixty days.

Protection of employees on buildings

SECTION 2941. Mayor, etc., to act on complaint.-Whenever complaint is made to the mayor, director of public safety, superintendent of police, or other persons in charge of the police force, in any city of the first, second, or third class in this State, that the scaffolding, or slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, ladders, irons, or ropes of any sling or stationary scaffolding, used in the construction, alteration, repairing, painting, cleaning, or pointing of buildings, within the limits of any city aforesaid, are unsafe or liable to prove dangerous to life or limb of any person, such mayor, director of public safety superintendent of police, or other person in charge of the police force, shal immediately cause an inspection to be made of such scaffolding or the slings,