being made at the usual working electro-motive App. III. force. Provided that this rule shall not be held Pt. II. Regulations. to justify a lower insulation resistance than (Feb. 9, 5,000 ohms, nor to require one higher than 5 1892.) megohms. (14.) The generating plant and switching gear shall be Supervision. in the hands of thoroughly competent manipulators, and the engine room (if any) shall be inaccessible to the general public, and shall where possible have an independent entrance.

(15.) A plan of the wiring shall be always kept in a Plan of prominent position in the office of the manager wiring. of such premises.

IV.

35. The Council reserves to itself from time to time, Power to in any special case, to modify or dispense with these modify or dispense regulations. with these All applications for dispensations or modifications regulations. shall be made in writing, addressed to the Clerk of the Council, and contain a statement of the facts of the particular case, and the reasons why it is desired to modify or dispense with these regulations as applicable thereto.

36. The person or persons in whose name the licence Person is granted will be held responsible by the Council for responsible. the carrying out of the above regulations, for the due management of such premises, and for the safety of the public and his or their employés in the event of fire.

NOTE. Every person who receives a certificate under the Act of 1878 shall be informed that the issue of the certificate does not preclude the Council from considering, on its merits, any application which may hereafter be made with respect to the licensing of the building.

BYE-LAWS-OVERHEAD WIRES.

Bye-laws made by the London County Council in pursuance of the London Overhead Wires Act 1891.1

[N.B.-The Act (see section 18) does not extend to any wire placed by any person for his private use over land belonging to him or in his occupation, which does not extend over any street, and is so constructed and placed that neither the wire nor any support thereof or attachment thereto would be liable to fall into any public street.]

In these bye-laws

The expression the Act' means the London Overhead Wires Act, 1891.

The expression wire' has the same meaning as in the Act, except that it does not include any support or attachment.

The expression cable' means any covered or insulated wire, of which the diameter to the outside of the covering exceeds twice the diameter of the bare wire, and where more wires than one are enclosed in the same covering or insulation, includes all such wires and covering, without reference to diameter.

General.

1. The company shall deliver to the Council and the local authority full particulars of the material and gauge of the wires of the company, and the nature and position of the several supports, and the length of span between the several supports. The company shall also deliver to the Council a plan, on a scale of not less than 25 inches to the mile, showing the routes of such wires, and the position of the supports, or at their option shall cause the routes of such wires and the position of the supports to be marked upon a map to be supplied for the purpose at the office of the Council.

Existing wires.

2. In the case of wires or supports existing at the date of the approval of these bye-laws the company shall comply with the requirements of bye-law 1 within six months after that date.

New wires.

3. In the case of new wires or supports placed after the date of the approval of these bye-laws, the company This Act will be found set out ante, pp. 410 to 417.

shall comply with the requirements of bye-law 1 within one month after the placing thereof.

4. A wire shall not be placed so as at any point to be at a less height above the ground than 20 feet, or where it crosses a street 35 feet, or at a less height above the roof of any building than 6 feet, except where it is brought into any building for use in that building, or is attached to a chimney or other part of a building in accordance with these bye-laws.

5. Every wire shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 115 yards, unless permission in writing be obtained from the Council and the Local Authority for a longer span.

6. Every support for a wire shall be of durable material, and properly stayed against forces due to wind pressure, change of direction of the wires, and unequal length of span; and all independent conductors and suspending wires shall be securely attached to the supports.

7. The factor of safety for all stresses arising from the weight of conductors and suspending wires shall be at least four at a temperature of 22° F. The factor of safety for all other parts of the structures shall be at least ten, taking the maximum possible wind pressure against a support acting in a horizontal direction at 30 lbs. per square foot. No addition need be made for a possible accumulation of snow.

8. Every support for a wire shall be marked in such manner to be approved in the case of each company by the Council as to identify the company to whom it belongs.

9. Where a support is used for the wires of more than one company, the company owning the support shall be responsible for the support and the attachment of the wires thereto.

10. No cable shall exceed one pound per lineal foot in weight; and every cable shall be carried by independent suspending wires and attached to the same by efficient slings.

11. Every iron or steel wire, and every iron or steel support or attachment, shall be efficiently protected from oxidation.

12. All poles erected on buildings as supports for wires, unless fixed through the roof, shall be carried on shoes or saddles properly protected from oxidation and shall be efficiently stayed, so that in the event of a pole

App. III.

Pt. II.
Byelaws.

July 29,
1892.)

App. III.

Pt. II.
Byelaws.

(July 29,
1892.)

breaking it shall be impossible for it to fall into any street.

13. Every wire, attached to a chimney, wall, or other part of a building, shall be efficiently supported by angle plates of iron or bronze or other device approved by the Local Authority.

14. Every wire support and attachment shall be duly and efficiently supervised and maintained by the

company.

15. No wire support or attachment shall be in such a condition that danger to the public using the streets may be apprehended therefrom, and the company to whom any wire, support, or attachment being in such condition belongs, shall be guilty of an offence against these bye-laws.

16. No wire support or attachment shall remain erected after it has ceased to be in use, unless the company intend within a reasonable time to take it again into use, and give notice of such intention to the Council and the Local Authority.

17. On reasonable notice being given by the Council or the Local Authority to the company, access at all reasonable times for the purpose of inspection of the company's wires, supports, and attachments shall be given or secured by the company to the inspectors of the Council and the Local Authority.

Penalties.

18. Any company or person failing to comply with any of these bye-laws, or of the provisions of the London Overhead Wires Act, 1891, or delivering any particulars which to their or his knowledge are incorrect, shall be guilty of an offence against these bye-laws, and shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds, and to a further penalty not exceeding forty shillings for each day during which such offence is continued after conviction thereof.

Bye-laws under Section 39 (1).'

With respect to waterclosets, earthclosets, privies, ashpits, cesspools, and receptacles for dung, and the proper accessories thereof in connection with buildings, whether constructed before or after the passing of this Act.

1893.)

1. Every person who shall hereafter construct a Waterwatercloset or earthcloset in connection with a building, closets and shall construct such watercloset or earthcloset in such a earthclosets. position that, in the case of a watercloset, one of its sides at the least shall be an external wall, and in the case of an earthcloset two of its sides at the least shall be external walls, which external wall or walls shall abut immediately upon the street, or upon a yard or garden or open space of not less than one hundred square feet of superficial area, measured horizontally at a point below the level of the floor of such closet. He shall not construct any such watercloset so that it is approached directly from any room used for the purpose of human habitation, or used for the manufacture, preparation, or storage of food for man, or used as a factory, workshop, or workplace, nor shall he construct any earthcloset so that it can be entered otherwise than from the external air.

He shall construct such watercloset so that on any side on which it would abut on a room intended for human habitation, or used for the manufacture, preparation, or storage of food for man, or used as a factory, workshop, or workplace, it shall be enclosed by a solid wall or partition of brick or other materials, extending the entire height from the floor to the ceiling.

He shall provide any such watercloset that is approached from the external air with a floor of hard smooth impervious material, having a fall to the door of such watercloset of half an inch to the foot.

1

By sect. 39 (1) of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. cap. 76), it is enacted that - The County Council shall make bye-laws with respect to water-closets, earth-closets, privies, ashpits, cesspools, and receptacles for dung, and the proper accessories thereof in connection with buildings, whether constructed before or after the passing of this Act.' By sect. 141 of the Act the expression building' includes the curtilage of a building (as to which see the note to sect. 13 of the Act of 1894, ante, p. 66), and the expression 'cistern' includes a water-butt.