It will be observed that the shipment by the Aki Maru, will call for special agreement by the insurers. The whole of these declarations will require to be initialled in the offices of the underwriter.

"Steamer and/or Steamers and/or Rail and/or Conveyances, Goods and/or Merchandise and/or Interest, to be hereafter declared and valued at invoice cost and charges plus 15 per cent.

Sum insured, £20,000.

Limit per bottom, £5,000.

To follow and succeed policy No. 143612, dated 31st January, 19—.

Rates as per Schedule below.

United Kingdom and/or Continent of Europe between the limits of Bordeaux and Hamburg or held covered to India and/or Burma and/or China and/or Japan or held covered.

Conditions: Institute Cargo Clauses (W.A.), including theft and pilferage and war risks. Textiles in bales; to include the risks of hook damage and fresh water at an additional premium of 2/6 per cent.

Risk to cease on arrival at consignees' warehouse, but it is agreed to hold any shipment covered in warehouse at destination at an extra premium of 2/6 per cent. each thirty days additional, provided that advice be given to insurers before arrival.

Classification Clause, but no American steamers built 1914 and since.

To return 1/3 per cent. tin-lined cases."

The rate quoted in the policy is purely a basis rate and will be subject to adjustment when the policy is fully declared. If any shipment exceeds the limit expressed in the policy, it will be necessary to effect a separate insurance, in respect of the balance, though often underwriters would be willing to agree the additional lines if their commitments elsewhere are not too heavy to permit of this.

Return Premium Endorsement.

Settled hereon a return of premium of 21s. od. to adjust this policy as per endorsement.

LONDON,

6th February, 19—.

(Signed)

the

Should the premium as adjusted exceed premium actually paid an additional premium would have to be paid. A procedure very similar to the above is followed.

WITHERBY&Co.

15, Nicholas Lane London, E.C.4

Be it known that Messrs George Watson and Sons as well in their own Name, as for and in the Name and Names of all and every other Person or Persons to whom the same doth, may, or shall appertain, in part or in all, doth make Assurance, and cause themselves and them and every of them to be insured, lost or not lost, at and from

London to Bombay and 30 days upon any kind of Goods and Merchandises, and also upon the Body, Tackle, Apparel, Ordnance, Munition, Artillery, Boat and other Furniture, of and in the good Ship or Vessel called the

"Nile,," sailed 14th January,

whereof is Master, under God, for this present Voyage, or whosoever else shall go for Master in the said Ship, or by whatsoever other Name or Names the same Ship, or the Master thereof, is or shall be named or called, beginning the Adventure upon the said Goods and Merchandises, from the (No. 143671) loading thereof aboard the said Ship as above upon the said Ship, &c., as above,

and shall so continue and endure, during her Abode there, upon the said Ship, &c., and further, until the said Ship, with all her Ordnance, Tackle, Apparel, &c., and Goods and Merchandises whatsoever, shall be arrived at as above,

upon the said Ship, &c., until she hath moored at Anchor Twenty-four Hours in good Safety, and upon the Goods and Merchandises until the same be there discharged and safely landed; and it shall be lawful for the said Ship, &c., in this Voyage to proceed and sail to and touch and stay at any Ports or Places whatsoever and wheresoever for all purposes

without Prejudice to this Insurance. The said Ship, &c., Goods and Merchandises, &c., for so much as concerns the Assured, by Agreement between the Assured and Assurers in this Policy, are and shall be valued at

1,000 Cases General Merchandise so valued. To pay average, as per Institute Clauses (W.A.).

Couching the Adventures and Perils which we the Assurers are

contented to bear and do take upon us in this Voyage, they are, of the Seas, Men-of-War, Fire, Enemies, Pirates, Rovers, Thieves, Jettisons, Letters of Mart and Countermart, Surprisals, Takings at Sea, Arrests, Restraints, and Detainments of all Kings, Princes and People, of what Nation, Condition, or Quality soever, Barratry of the Master and Mariners, and of all other Perils, Losses and Misfortunes that have or shall come to the Hurt, Detriment or Damage of the said Goods and Merchandises and Ship, &c., or any part thereof; and in case of any Loss or Misfortune, it shall be lawful to the Assured, their Factors, Servants, and Assigns, to sue, labour, and travel for, in and about the Defence, Safeguard and Recovery of the said Goods and Merchandises and Ship, &c., or any part thereof, without Prejudice to this Insurance; to the Charges whereof we, the Assurers, will contribute, each one according to the Rate and Quantity of his sum herein assured. And it is especially declared and agreed that no acts of the Insurer or Insured in recovering, saving, or preserving the property insured, shall be considered as a waiver or acceptance of abandonment. And it is agreed by us, the Insurers, that this Writing or Policy of Assurance shall be of as much Force and Effect as the surest Writing or Policy of Assurance heretofore made in Lombard Street, or in the Royal Exchange, or elsewhere in London.

Warranted free of any claim based upon loss of, or frustration of, the insured voyage, or adventure, caused by arrests, restraints or detainments of Kings, Princes or Peoples.

And so we, the Assurers, are contented, and do hereby promise and bind ourselves, each one for his own Part, our Heirs, Executors and Goods, to the Assured, their Executors, Administrators and Assigns, for the true Performance of the Premises, confessing ourselves paid the Consideration due unto us for this Assurance by the Assured, at and after the Rate of Six Shillings per cent.

IN WITNESS whereof we, the Assurers, have subscribed our Names and Sums Assured in LONDON.

N.B.-Corn, Fish, Salt, Fruit, Flour, and Seed are warranted free from Average, unless general, or the Ship be stranded; Sugar, Tobacco, Hemp, Flax, Hides, and Skins are warranted free from Average under Five Pounds per Cent.; and all other Goods, also the Ship and Freight, are warranted free from Average under Three Pounds per Cent., unless general, or the Ship be stranded.

(Insurers subscriptions here.)

The words italicised are entered for the sake of clarity.

CHAPTER IX.

THE PRACTICE OF MARINE INSURANCE (continued).

It is now proposed to consider the policy form and its quaint phraseology. A specimen form is included in the text (pp. 213-4) and reference should be made to this from time to time in order to appreciate the comments which appear below. First it should be remarked that the wording comprises a queer mixture of phrases applicable to time and voyage insurances, to policies on hull and allied risks and those on cargo. In practice this creates no difficulty, as it is well understood that although ship and cargo may be insured on the same form, the usual policy protects either one or the other only, and that therefore the wording in the policy appropriate only to the particular subject-matter insured should be regarded.

Attention is drawn to the cypher" S.G." This has for centuries puzzled the curious, and its precise meaning is to-day more doubtful than ever. Beneath these initials is a space for the entry of the sum insured by the policy. This is not used for the insertion of the value of the interest.

The actual wording of the policy opens with the recitation" Be it known that." This replaces the old wording "In the name of God. Amen," but the latter wording is still retained by some of the older companies. Most business men prefer the more prosaic phrase and it seems certainly more fitting, especially in view of some of the ungodly insurances which in the past have frequently been evidenced by the form. The policy is itself the contract at law, and must conform to the provisions laid down by the relevant statutes.