is clear, or would be if "their neames," &c., were altered to "those neames eftir following," for as it stands it is nonsense. When one sees "atte the yettis" for "at the gates," one is prepared for any vagaries in the spelling of documents of the sixteenth century. One can believe anything when St. John is still called Singeon, and St. Leger Silinger. Both words are evidently so called from the French pronunciation; and E. B. has often thought that it is a pity the numerous words of French origin introduced into Scotland during the sixteenth century should not be carefully preserved before they become obsolete, as the English school teaching may cause them to be, among the Scottish peasantry. E. B. has met with sinzeour, so evidently seigneur or signor.

E. B.

E. B. L., in correcting E. B.'s "strange error," says that the letter was "often used in the place of y in ancient Scottish documents." This is inaccurate. The Scotch formerly expresed y by a character very like the % of old black-letter or modern German, but it was not meant for %, as E. B. L. seems to imply. Ignorance as to the meaning of this character is the reason why we now see Zetland used for Yetland. JAYDEE.

LATIN DISTICH (6th S. ix. 207).—I should be much surprised if any higher authority were found for these lines than the schoolboy who penned them. The pronoun is, ea, id in all its cases is seldom used in classical poetry; and the collocation of ejus and ea sounds hopelessly bad to a classical ear. E. WALFORD, M.A.

Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. SIR WILLIAM PAINEMAN (6th S. viii. 348).The person meant is Sir William Pennyman, of Marske, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, a noted Royalist, who maintained two troops of horse and a company of foot at his own expense, and in 1642 brought to the king's standard a good regiment of foot of about six hundred men, and a troop of horse. He had been made a baronet in 1628; and at the time of his death, on August 22, 1643, "febre epidemicâ correptus," when, as he had no issue, the title became extinct, he was Governor of Oxford, an office which he held, as Lord Clarendon states,

"to the great satisfaction of all men, being a very brave and generous person, and who performed all manner of civilities to all sorts of people, as having had a good education, and well understanding the manners of the Court."

He was educated at Christ Church and buried in the cathedral, "Tumulo potitus in eâdem domo in quâ primum ingenii cultum capessiverat," as his epitaph informs us. A pedigree of the Pennyman family is given by Dugdale in his Visitation of Yorkshire, p. 198, Surtees Society, vol. xxxvi. 1859. An account of the first baronetcy is in Burke's Extinct Baronetcies, 405, ed. 1841, at

which date the second baronetcy was still extant, though now extinct. See Wotton's Baronetage, 1741, vol. iv. p. 420, for both, and for the epitaph on Sir William and his wife, which appear to be on the same tablet. At the end of the former are the letters B.M.T.P.I., which I suppose stand for "Bene Merenti (or Merito) Tribuno Poni Jussit," viz., "Anna conjux charissima," whose epitaph follows immediately. He is styled "Tribunus " in his epitaph. Of the meaning of the clause in the will I am not certain. W. E. BUCKLEY.

BOWLING (6th S. ix. 48, 116, 178).—Perhaps it may be as well to state that the words "Time, Money, and Curses," &c., quoted by MR. JULIAN

MARSHALL at the last reference, are to be found in the second edition (1680) of the Compleat Gamester, as follows:

"A Bowling-Green, or Bowling Ally, is a place where three things are thrown away besides the Bowls, viz., Time, Money, and Curses, and the last ten for F. A. TOLE.

one.

SMALL COATS OF ARMOUR (6th S. ix. 188).— The Annual Register for 1774 states (p. 117) that Edward I.'s tomb was opened on May 2 in that year by the Antiquarian Society, and that the body, in a yellow stone coffin, was six feet two inches long. It seems, therefore, that both Dean Stanley and Mr. Malcolm are wrong in their dates. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Treneglos, Kenwyn, Truro.

VISCOUNT MONTAGUE, BARON BROWNE OF COWDRAY (6th S. ix. 209).-My worthy and good friend the late Mr. Thomas Browne Selby, preferred, some thirty years ago or more, a claim to this title. MR. G. BLACKER-MORGAN may perhaps obtain information about this and other rival claims by applying to Mr. Walford Selby, at the Public Record Office. E. WALFORD, M.A. Hyde Park Mansions, N.W.

PICTURES BY HOGARTH (6th S. ix. 200).—Replying to your answer to A. H. at the above reference, I beg to call your attention to a note of mine, published a few years ago in "N. & Q.," as to the safety of Hogarth's "Southwark Fair." It was not destroyed at Hafod; it is now at Clumber, three miles from this place, and is the property of the Duke of Newcastle.

ROBERT WHITE.

THE MAHDI (6th S. ix. 149, 198).-A passage from Sir Paul Rycaut's History of the Turkish Empire, A.D. 1687, vol. ii. p. 41, may be interesting at the present juncture. He is chronicling the year 1638 :

Complaints were made of a certain Shegh [sheik]. Santone, or Preacher belonging to the Mountains of Anatolia, who had refused to do Homage or serve in the War. He was one who by a feigned Sanctity had acquired a great Reputation amongst his People; and having declared himself to be the Mehedy or the Mediator,

which according to the Mohametan Doctrine, is to forerun Antichrist, for reducing all the World to one Unity of Faith he had perswaded his People, that he and they under him were by Priviledge of his Office, exempted from all Taxes, Contributions, or Impositions by any Secular Power whatsoever. The Grand Signior [Amurath IV.], who could not understand or believe this Doctrine, presently detached a strong Body with some Cannon under Command of the Captain-Pasha to confute the Principles of this Rebel, and to reduce him to Obedience. These Forces being entred on his Dominions, Proclamation was made to the People that they should deliver up their Impostor into the hands of Justice; which if they refused to do, then Fire and Sword was to be their Portion, and Destruction extend even unto their Children of seven years of age. This terrible Denunciation of the Sultan's sentence struck all the People with cold Fear and Amazement; howsoever, the Shegh availing himself on certain Prophecies, which he interpreted in his own Favour, adventured to stand a shock with the Grand Signior's Forces; but being overcome by them the Shegh was taken alive and carried to the Grand Signior, who condemned him to be flead alive; and in this guise being a horrid Spectacle to all Beholders, he was carried upon an Ass to the Wheel, on which he seemed to endure the Remainder of his Punishment without any sensible Touches or Pangs in the

Torments."

Westward Ho.

CORMELL PRICE.

The question of W. M. M. may be in some measure solved by referring to D'Herbelot, Bibl. Orient., p. 531; to Maracci, Alcorani textus universus, p. 10, col. i. (Patavii, M. D.CXCVII.); and, for the passages of Scripture said to foretell Mohammed, especially to Pocock's Sp. Hist. Ar., sectio i. pp. 15, 188, ed. White.

WILLIAM PLATT. Callis Court, St. Peter's, Isle of Thanet. This name means leader, from Arabic hada, to lead. R. S. CHARNOCK.

Nice.

"When the apple blooms in March, You need not for barrels sarch; But when the apple blooms in May, Sarch for barrels every day." Meaning, of course, that in the latter event apples will be so plentiful that there will be a difficulty in getting sufficient barrels for the cider.

SHOLTO VERE HARE.

TRANSLATION OF CIPHER WANTED (6th S. ix. 70).-The first of the two following lines contains the puzzle, the second my partial solution :

"Ri ovaser iar tup oc nox ne rueb."
"Savoir traire......en beur."

I am not confident about the "en beur," for the latter word is not, apparently, good French; but I have, I believe, shown how the egg can be balanced in the "savoir traire." BOILEAU.

THE TITLE OF MASTER (6th S. ix. 67, 152).— MR. CARMICHAEL'S reply to my query is satisfactory, as it shows that there is no foundation for the assumption of the title in the case to which I referred. I must apologize for writing vaguely. I should have said, instead of certain Scottish peers, that the title was applied to the heirs apparent of Scottish peers below the rank of earl. I refer to the usage of the present day. But I should like to see some undoubted authority on the subject; and that was why I put my query in the first inJOHN MACKAY,

stance.

Herriesdale.

Surely the title of Master is not peculiar to Scotland, for in England the son of John Smith, Esq., is known as Master Smith. When was this designation first applied to the junior members of English families? EDWARD LAWS. Tenby.

GOODWIN SANDS AND (?) STEEPLE (6th S. viii. 430; ix. 15, 73, 158).-The Kentish tradition is also to be found noticed in Fuller's Worthies (p. 65, Lond., 1662), where it is traced to the notes in G. Sandys's translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses (1. xiii. p. 282, Lond., 1626). It is stated that a Bishop of Rochester had the care of the money raised in the county for preventing the encroachments of the sea at the Goodwin Sands, which then formed part of the mainland; and that as the spot had long been free from any liability to injury by the incursion of the sea, he diverted the money from its original purpose of repairing the wall to the building and endowment of Tenterden Church. ED. MARSHALL.

COINCIDENCE OF EASTER AND LADY DAY, &C. (6th S. vii. 209).-W. S. L. S. says there is in Poland a remarkable superstition about the coin

cidence of Easter Day and St. Mark's Day (which will occur in 1886). Will he kindly state what it is ? W. M. M.

"MASTER OF THE CHAUNCERY" (6th S. ix. 228). -That Masters of Chancery used, under certain circumstances, to hear causes in former times, is pretty clear from Chamberlayne's Anglic Notitia for 1677. At p. 122 of the second part, it is stated that "the Master of the Rolls, in the absence of the Chancellor, hears causes and makes orders, by virtue of a commission, with two Masters, and that jure officii." G. F. R. B.

HADHAM IN ESSEX (6th S. ix. 170).—AN ENGLISHMAN makes a mistake, for it is in Herts, about four miles from Bishop's Stortford. Latest information about it and the hall can be obtained by reading Mr. Cussans's Hist. of Herts, Hundred of Edwinstree. M.A.Oxon.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. ix. 229).

&A wealthy cit," &c.,

is the beginning of The Cit's Country Box, a ludicrous poem by Robert Lloyd, the intimate friend of Churchill. Lloyd was a miscellaneous writer, and in addition to his poems he wrote the Capricious Lovers, an opera, and four other dramatic pieces. Wilkes said of him, "He was contented to scamper round the foot of Parnassus on his little Welsh pouy, which seems never to have tired." Lloyd is said to have died a prisoner in the Fleet in 1764. FREDK. RULE.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Ye Olden Time: English Customs in the Middle Ages. By Emily S. Holt. (Shaw.) We have seldom met with a more useful book than that which Miss Holt has presented to the public. She must have been a most diligent student of medieval records to have got together the highly curious facts she has put before us. The collecting of mere facts, though by no means a work to be despised, is little in comparison with their arrangement. Miss Holt evidently knows not only what facts to observe, but how to classify them so that they shall illustrate each other. There is not a single chapter in her book which does not contain matter that will be new to most of her readers. How few persons know what the medieval law as to marriage really was! We have known many, clerics as well as lay folk, exclaim in astonished wonder when it has been explained to them that in medieval England marriage per verba de presenti was held to be good. Miss Holt understands this, and has endeavoured to make her readers do so too. So inveterate is prejudice, and so determined are many people to view the past through nineteenth-century spectacles, that we can only hold out to her the hope of a moderate degree of success. The chapter on clothing is very good, and contains a great amount of highly condensed information. It was a happy thought, in describing the pocketing sleeve of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, to draw attention to the fact that it still exists in the heraldic charge known as the maunch, which is borne by the Hastings family and by those Nortons who suffered so cruelly for their participation in the Rising in the North. We remember once

to have read a tale of extremely medieval character, written by some one whose fancy had been caught by An English lady is represented these long sleeves. running away from some place, whether a Turkish harem hunger she calls to mind that she has a loaf of bread in or an English nunnery we forget. When faint with the pocket of her sleeve. Though these sleeves were used to carry small objects in, we can hardly believe that a loaf of bread could be carried therein without its presence making itself felt. The medieval credulity as Edward III. made to Westminster Abbey. He gave to relics is curiously illustrated by a present which that church, it seems, the vestments in which St. Peter was wont to say mass. One would like to know how he had acquired them, and what evidence he thought he had of their authenticity.

Early and Imperial Rome; or, Promenade Lectures on the Archæology of Rome, By Hodder M. Westropp. (Stock.)

MR. WESTROPP's Promenade Lectures were, we have understood, listened to by a large and cultivated audience. He has done well in publishing them. There are many English men and women who having seen Rome will derive great pleasure from having their memories refreshed by these most useful comments on the objects yet to be seen above ground in the Eternal City. We wish Mr. Westropp had relied somewhat more upon himself. With a modesty which seems to us excessive, he tells us the views of other archæologists and historians, and keeps his own at times too much in the background. The last lecture, entitled "Ancient Marbles," is extremely valu able for purposes of reference, as it gives a complete, or nearly complete, catalogue of the marbles that were used in Rome, with so much of description of them as to make fragments in most cases easy of identification. The plate of masons' marks on the wall which is commonly attributed to Servius Tullius is interesting. Marks identical in form are to be found on several of our own Norman buildings. We have noticed one or two rash statements. For example (p. 11), we read: "The Etruscans appear to underlying stratum of population over the whole world." have been an original Tauranian race, which formed the Surely there is no evidence whatever that the populations of Africa were Tauranian, and it is doubtful whether the natives of America can be so classed.

The Yorkshire Archæological and Topographical Journal, pt. xxx. (vol. viii. pt ii.), throws light on a good many points of north-country family history and antiquities. Mr. H. E. Chetwynd-Stapylton continues his elaborate account of the Stapleton family, including pedigrees of the Richmondshire and Bedale and Carlton lines. The history of Ribston and the Knights Templars, by Rev. R. V. Taylor, is also continued, and the charters printed are very fully annotated from a genealogical point of view. We only regret that the earlier portions of these two papers are not before us. They are both valuable and interesting, and the same must be said for the paper on York Church Plate, by Mr. T. M. Fallow and Mr. R. C. Hope, which is well illustrated, and should be read along with the "Notes on Carlisle and other Church Plate" in vol. xxxix, of the Archæological Journal, for 1882.

IN the Transactions of the Glasgow Archæological Society, vol. ii. pt. iii. (Glasgow, published for the Society), we find much matter of interest, proving the reality of the revival, which was mainly accomplished through the exertions of the late Alexander Galloway. A well-known contributor to our columns, Mr. W. G. Black, discusses the singularly vexed question of the etymology of Glasgow, and pronounces in favour of the