lowed" (Alex. Ireland's R. W. Emerson, 1882, Glasgow. columns of "N. & Q.”:— diseases use to carry with them,' p. 5; and again, p. 61, he remarks that eighty and ninety years of age was ordinary in every place, and among other instances of longevity names one Polzew, who died a little while before he was writing aged one hundred and thirty. Borlase also observes that Mr. Scawen, a gentleman of no less veracity, in his MS. tells us that in the year 1676 died a woman in the parish of Gwythien (the narrowest and, therefore, as to the air to be reckoned among the SINGULAR SUPERSTITION.-The following apsaltest parts of this county) one hundred and sixty four peared in the Birmingham Daily Post of Novemyears old, of good memory, and healthful at that age;ber 26, and should, I think, be recorded in the and at the Lizherd, where (exposed as this promontory is to more sea on the east, west, and south than any part of Britain) the air must be as salt as anywhere, there are three late instances of people living to a great age; the first is Mr. Cole, late minister of Lindawidnec (in which parish the Lizherd is), who by the parish register A.D. 1683, appears to have been above one hundred and twenty years old when he died. Michael George, late sexton of the same parish, buried the 20th of March, ibid., was more than a hundred years old; and being at the Lizherd with the Rev. and worthy Dr. Lyttleton, dean of Exeter, in the year 1752, we went to see a venerable old man called Collins; he was then one hundred and five years old, of a florid countenance, stood near his door leaning on his staff, talked sensibly, was weary of life, he said, and advised us never to wish for old age. He died in the year 1754." BOILEAU. "At the Brierley Hill Police Court yesterday-before Mr. Firmstone and Mr. Freer-Jane Wootton, a brickmaker, was charged with an assault upon Ann Lowe. The complainant said she was passing along the road when the defendant came up, and, without a word, pinched her cars and scratched her face with a needle. When asked for an explanation defendant said, 'You have bewitched me, and now the spell will leave me.' Yesterday she repeated the same words in court, and said a woman had told her that if she drew the witch's blood' the spell would go. (Laughter.) The bench remarked on the folly of the defendant and the trivial nature of the assault, and dismissed the case." Bromsgrove. W. A. C. I. C. G. SHETLAND FOLK-LORE.-Speaking to a very CUNEDDA: ORDOVICES. Many deeds are old lady, aged ninety-three, about eating larks, ascribed to Cunedda in early British history, and she said, "No one in Shetland would eat a lark; the name is supposed to be personal. It may be so, there are three black spots on its tongue, and for but it has all the appearance of being an interest-every lark you eat you get three curses." ing relic of the title comes, as dux Saxonici littoris, of the Roman occupation, which was first expanded into comtista, and then settled down into Cunedda. Ordovices have recently been explained to mean the hammerers," from the Celtic ord, a hammer, it being supposed by archaeologists that the stone hammer continued to be in use as a weapon of war down to historical times. This is clearly wrong, as the word ord is borrowed from Latin rostrum, which includes among its meanings that of hammer, or something like it, it being a rule with Celtic words borrowed from Latin words beginning with either to omit it or to lead up to it with a prefix. Cambridge. J. PARRY. CURIOUS EPITAPH IN LYDD CHURCHYARD, from a tombstone in the graveyard attached to KENT.-The following epitaph, which I copied the fine old church at Lydd, Kent, in August last, is, I think, both historically and from its quaintness, well worthy to occupy a space in "N. & Q.” The stone is inscribed to the memory of Lieut. Thos. Edgar, R.N., who died 1801, aged fifty-six years. He was present at Admiral Hawke's glorious engagement with the French, and sailed him when that great circumnavigator was murround the world with Capt. Cook, and was with dered by the natives of Owyhee :- "Tom Edgar at last has sail'd out of this World, His shroud is put on, and his top sails are furl'd, CANNON STREET, CITY.-Readers of "N. & Q." may be glad to note the fact that the present fine wide thoroughfare of Cannon Street, leading from St. Paul's in the direction of the Tower of London, was nearly two centuries in execution. Pepys writes in his Diary, under date May 5, 1667, "Sir John Robinson tells me he hath now got a street ordered to be continued, forty feet broad, from Paul's through Cannon Street to the Tower, which will be very fine." E. WALFORD, M.A. FORFARSHIRE.-Some few years ago Mr. Andrew Jervise was collecting information for, I believe, a more extended county history of Angus (or Forfarshire) than his work called Memorials of Angus and Mearns, and published in 1861. The work must have been in a forward state, at least in parts, as he sent me a "pull" of the particulars of a certain parish and estate belonging to the head of my family, and received from me a condensed pedigree or "tree," which he acknowledged, and said would be added to those of other families in an appendix which he designed for the work. I am informed that Mr. Jervise, who was then resident at Brechin, has deceased; and perhaps some reader of "N. & Q." could state whether the projected work is in the hands of any one else for completion; or in whose possession the material collected by Mr. Jervise now is. W. C. J. ASHKEY.-What is the derivation of the word key as applied to the pericarp of the ash and some other trees, called by botanists the samara? The Encyclopedic Dictionary says, "their length and lateral compression create the resemblance to keys," thus suggesting that the shape is the origin of the name. I must confess I cannot see much resemblance to a key in the samara of the ash-tree; and I would ask whether it is not more likely that the word (which, so far as my personal experience goes, is nearly obsolete) is derived from the purpose Even, howthan the shape of this seed-covering. ever, if this be admitted, some doubt remains. Our word key comes from the A.-S. cœg, connected with caggian to lock or shut fast, the instrument being apparently regarded rather as a means of enclosing or locking than of opening or unlocking, as the word generally signifies in a metaphorical sense now. On the other hand, the word quay, which originally meant enclosure, and is a Celtic word connected with the Welsh cae, was in Middle English spelt key. This may be the source of the word used in speaking of the samara of a tree, and in any case I would submit that ash-key means that which encloses the seeds of an ash. Whether it is Teutonic or Celtic I desire information. W. T. LYNN. Blackheath. WILLIAM LLOYD, BISHOP OF ST. ASAPH.According to Chalmers, this prelate was born in 1627, was entered at Oriel College, Oxon, in 1638, when he was eleven years of age, obtained a scholarship at Jesus College the following year (twelve years of age), proceeded B.A., and left the university in 1642 (fifteen years of age), returned in 1646, when he commenced M.A., and was chosen fellow of his college, being then nineteen years of age. Are these dates correct; and if so, is not this a very unusual and remarkable case of going through the college course and taking the various degrees at such an early age! The biographical account goes on to state that Lloyd was ordained deacon in 1649, that he was presented to the rectory of Bradfield in 1654 (but soon afterwards resigned it), and that he was ordained priest in 1656. Could he accept and hold a living while yet only in deacon's orders? Berkeley. J. H. COOKE, F.S. A. BARRE AND KENDALE, ELIZABETH. - This lady was widow of Edward de Kendale, and under age May 22, 1376 (Rot. Claus., 50 Edw. III., pt. i.). Thomas Barre, Knt., had lately received royal licence to marry the said Elizabeth, and had married her accordingly, Feb. 1, 1381 (Ib., 4 Ric. II.). Of what family was this Elizabeth, and why was it necessary that when she attained her majority she should release to Alice Perrers her right in the manor of Hitchin, co. Herts, on account of a debt of 2001. owed to Alice by Sir William Croyser? What was her connexion with these persons? HERMENTRUDe. POPE'S FAN. - Can any reader of "N. & Q." tell me what has became of the fan which Pope painted himself for Miss Martha Blount? It afterwards came into the hands of Sir Joshua Reynolds and was stolen from his study. Has it ever been heard of since? At a time when there has been brought together at the Grosvenor Gallery so many of the great master's works, it cannot be inopportune to ask this question concerning this interesting relic. G. F. R. B. PEASANT AND PEASANTRY. Can any reader of "N. & Q." say at what time these words came into our language, what was the extension of their application, and whether those to whom the terms applied used these words to describe themselves and their class, just as a man would describe himself now as a "labourer" or a "labouring man"? J. C. STORY WANTED.-Can any of your readers tell me where I can obtain a short story of Lover's, Jimmy Hoy's Voyage to America? I believe it was not published in his Works, as it was found amongst his papers after his death. J. L. H. QUOTATIONS IN GREEN'S "SHORT HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH PEOPLE." "In every house,' says a shrewd English observer of the time, 'strangers who arrived in the morning were entertained tili eventide with the talk of maidens and the music of the harp.'"-P. 155. "Children in school,' says a writer of the earlier reign, against the usage and manner of all other nations, be compelled for to leave their own language and for to construe their lessons......in French.'"-P. 212. Who are the authors referred to? IVON. HORN. Can any of your readers kindly explain the meaning of this syllable in such place-names as Culhorn, Dreghorn, Distinkhorn, Kinghorn, &c.? W. M. C. SECRET SOCIETY BADGE. I have a small copper or bronze pendant, shaped like an Orsini bomb impaled on a dagger, which I believe to be the badge of some secret society. Can any reader of "N. & Q." help me to identify it? I obtained it from a ship captain some twenty years ago, who could give me no information about it, except that he found it in some continental port, but where he could not remember. J. M. CAMPBELL. Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow. MR. SALKINSON.-Can you give me any information regarding Mr. Salkinson, a gentleman who is mentioned in the Atheneum, Nov. 16, 1878, as translator into Hebrew of Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and Paradise Lost? Is the translator a native of England? R. INGLIS. CRAINE AND CAMBIE FAMILIES.-Where can I find a pedigree or account of these Tipperary families? Alice, daughter of Henry Craine, married Solomon Cambie, a major in Cromwell's army. Catharine, widow of Sir Wymond Cary, of Snettisham, co. Norfolk, about 1613-14, married Henry, son of Robert Craine, of Chilton, co. Suffolk. Sir Robert Craine is mentioned in a list of members of the House of Commons that advanced horses and money for the defence of Parliament, June, 1642. Henry Craine emigrated from England in Cromwell's time, settled at Dorchester Massachusetts, and became an ancestor on the maternal side of John Quincy Adams (see Savage, Geneal. Dict.). How are these Craines connected, and where can I find a detailed account of the family? VIATOR. MARKS ON SILVER COIN. -To what do the letters refer that are sometimes found punched on the neck of the sovereign's head on current English silver coin? I have taken fifteen coins so marked within ten years, and subjoin a list of them : It will be observed that the same letters were always used since the accession of Geo. IV. In size they are the same as the capitals to addresses at end of queries in "N. & Q." They were not stamped at the time of coining, as the letters are sunk, not raised, and have been done with a punch. Neither have they been done for mischief, as their I have Spanish dollars sequence will testify. (prize money), which passed current in England, stamped in a similar manner with the head of the MURANO. English sovereign. SOURCE OF COUPLET WANTED. - Over the mantel-piece of a manor house in Kent is the following couplet, newly carved or painted, I forget which : "Welcome by day, welcome by night, Whence come these lines; are they ancient; and who is their author? E. WALFORD, M.A. Hyde Park Mansions, N. W. JAMES BRUTON.-Can any reader of "N. & Q.” help me to see a portrait of "Jimmy" Bruton, a South London humourist and comic poet? A short account of his life and performances would be COLON. gratefully received. DE HUCH.-I have a beautiful and minutely finished landscape in oils. I believe it to be Italian. It belonged to my grandfather, but how much longer it may have been in the family I cannot say. On a large piece of detached rock in the forground is the name De Huch. Can any of your readers give me any information about him? I have searched Walpole, Bryan, and other authorities, but without success. E. K. LORDS DANGANMORE.-Can any of your readers inform me what was the family name of the Lords Danganmore, the last of whom, I believe, fought against King William at the battle of the Boyne, and subsequently forfeited his title and estates? W. A. L. THOMAS WITHINGTON.-Can any reader inform me when Thomas Withington was Lord Mayor of London? I have a silver medal bearing his name engraved under the City arms, with the royal arms on the reverse. Is this practice still continued? T. W. G. HASWELL-Capt. Robert Haswell, R.N., son of William Haswell, Esq., of London, married Mary Cordis, Oct. 17, 1797, at Reading, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. I am desirous of obtaining particulars of his life, services, and death. Any information will greatly oblige. New York, EDWARD WALTER WEST. PERCY.-Is there any portrait in existence of Alan Percy, who was appointed Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, on March 20, 1515-16? He was the son of one of the Earls of Northumberland. T. B. Settle. PAID REPRESENTATIVES.-I shall be glad if you or any of your correspondents can tell me : (1) The earliest instance on record of representatives in deliberative assemblies being paid; (2) the countries in which at present such payments are being made; (3) the amount paid per head, and the number receiving payment. IGNORAMUS. 6 "Your mother has been a widow a long while, perhaps,' said Deronda. Ay, ay, it's a good many yore zeil since I had to manage for her and myself,' said Cohen, It's that makes you a quickly. I went early to it. sharp knife." "-Daniel Deronda, bk. iv. ch, xxxiv. What is this word? It seems to have a queer spelling, partly English partly German. it stand for German Jahr-zeit? I wonder if the form is intended to represent the pronunciation of the German word by a Jew. A. L. MAYHEW. Does STATUE OF ROMAN SOLDIER.-I saw the other day at the museum at York a stone figure of a Roman soldier dug up in or near the city. They call it a statue of Mars. It strikes me as being a good specimen of the Roman soldier, very broad shouldered, but of low stature just the kind of man to have left hand is a shield, and by the side hangs a rushed upon the Teutones and Cimbri. In the sword, eagle-headed; I saw several of the same pattern the other day, called Roman swords, at Warwick Castle. I never saw any statue like this in Italy. Is anything known about it? GEO. S. STONE. DR. GUY CARLETON.-Dr. Carleton was rescued from the Lollards' Prison at Lambeth by his wife. Where shall I find the best account of this incident? Is there a portrait of the Doctor to be seen? J. F. B. PETER KENWOOD, OF TOPSHAM.-He resided in Boston, U.S.A., a short time about the year 1740, and then returned to Topsham, where he was living in Portland, Me., U.S.A. AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED.— Iter ad Astra; or, the Portraiture of a Suffering Christian: with an Introduction of Man's Creation. London, printed for John Salusbury, at the Atlas in Cornhil, near the Royal Exchange, 1685. 12mo. Dedication to Algernon, Earl of Essex. signed J. P. "E Museo meo Londini, die Maie 25, 1685." The Kalish Revolution; containing Observations on Man and Manners. By Durus, King of Kalikang; who was born in the Reign of the Emperor Augustus, travelled over most of the Globe, and still exists. Edin burgh, Bell and Creech, 1789. 8vo. pp. 448. Replies. VEGETARIANISM. (6th S. viii. 496.) C. W. SUTTON. Your correspondent MR. HUGHES asks in particular after Shelley's writings on vegetarianism, and in general after the bibliography of that subject. Shelley was an enthusiastic believer of the vegetarian gospel, and has expressed his faith in one of the finest passages of Queen Mab, which appeared in 1813. A lengthy note to that poem was reproduced as a pamphlet, with the title of a Vindication of Natural Diet, and was published in the same year. This is now excessively rare, but it is included in the edition of Shelley's Works by Mr. H. Buxton Forman. The proof-sheets of a cheap edition of the Vindication are now lying before me, and will shortly be published by the Vegetarian Society at the instance of Mr. H. S. Salt, of Eton, who has written an introduction. Jenyns, Pressavin, Schiller, Bentham, Sinclair, and Byron. Similar in form is Springer's Enkarpa, Culturgeschichte der Menschheit im Lichte der Pythagoräischen Lehre (Hannover, Seefeld, 1884). In this the relation of the Pythagorean diet to the older Egyption learning, to Brahminism and Buddhism, as well as to the philosophers and writers of the classical ages, is discussed. The fathers of the church and the members of the monastic orders are also brought into view. In addition to several noticed by Williams, there are in Springer's book chapters devoted to the composer Wagner and to Baltzer. The last named has been a voluminous advocate of food reform, and a score of books and tracts in German own him as author. Amongst these may be named one on vegetarianism in the Bible, and biographical and critical sketches of Porphyry, Pythagoras, Musonius, and Empedocles. Baltzer has also edited since 1867 the Vereinsblatt of the Deutschen Vereins für naturgemässe Lebensweise. There are other vegetarian periodicals published in Germany. Gustav Schlick heysen's Obst und Brod has been translated and published in New York by Dr. Holbrook. Springer's list includes modern books in German, French, Italian, Russian, Swedish, Spanish, Hungarian, and Eng lish. Probably the last-named will have the most interest for your correspondent. The books written by English and American vegetarians are numerous. Dr. W. A. Alcott is the author of several. Sylvester Graham's Science of Human Life has recently been issued in a cheap and condensed form, as also John Smith's Fruits and Farinacea. Various papers by Prof. Francis William Newman have been collected in the past year under the title of Essays on Diet. Dr. T. L. Nichols has written, inter alia, How to Live on Sixpence a Day, and The wider question remains as to the biblio- Dr. Anna Kingsford has converted the thesis De graphy of vegetarianism. This topic has not 'Alimentation Végétale chez l'Homme (Paris, escaped attention. There is a list in Robert 1880), by which she gained her doctor's diploma Springer's Wegweiser in der Vegetarianischen at the University of Paris, into a compact treatise Literatur (zweite vermehrte Auflage, Nordhausen, on The Perfect Way in Diet. There are several Huschke, 1880), of which the first edition appeared varieties of cookery-books, one by Mrs. Brotherin 1878. Still more important is Mr. Howard ton, one by Miss Tarrant, one by Miss Baker, &c. Williams's Ethics of Diet, which offers a catena Of periodicals there are two, the Food Reform of authorities against flesh-eating. Mr. Williams Magazine, a quarterly recently started, and the gives critical and biographical sketches of Hesiod, monthly Dietetic Reformer, which, with some Pythagoras, Plato, Ovid, Seneca, Plutarch, Ter- variation of title, has been advocating vegetullian, Clement of Alexandria, Porphyry, Chry- tarianism for the last thirty years. It is the organ sostom, Cornaro, Thomas More, Montaigne, Gas- of the Vegetarian Society, which has its headsendi, Ray, Evelyn, Mandeville, Gay, Cheyne, quarters at 75, Prince's Street, Manchester. It Pope, Thomson, Hartley, Chesterfield, Voltaire, would be a long task to chronicle the minor literaHaller, Cocchi, Rousseau, Linné, Buffon, Hawkes-ture of vegetarianism; but I shall be happy to send worth, Paley, St. Pierre, Oswald, Hufeland, some explanatory papers to any who choose to ask Ritson, Nicholson, Abernethy, Lambe, Newton, for them. WILLIAM E. A. AXON. Gleizes, Shelley, Phillips, Michelet, Cowherd, Metcalfe, Graham, Lamartine, Struve, Daumer, Schopenhauer, the Golden Verses, the Buddhist Canon, Musonius, Lessio, Cowley, Tryon, Hecquet, Fern Bank, Higher Broughton, Manchester. As MR. HUGHES asks for the bibliography of vegetarianism, I will begin, without any order, by naming books and book-titles, such as John |