passage from a Greek author in which either of the library at Vire is prefaced by a long bio- Athenæum Club. I am grateful to the gentlemen who have come to my assistance. Their kindness is by no means lessened by the fact that another correspondent of "N. &Q." sent me the same information privately. When I sent my query I was of opinion that Mr. Swinburne's line RICH. C. CHRISTIE. Then the whole world's eye was Athens "had its prototype in Eschylus. Now I have the ECCLESIASTICAL BALLADS (6th S. viii. 429, 542). best possible authority for knowing that line is an-Let me inform E. A. B. that the couplet he expansion of Milton, P. R., iv. 240, anent which gives is not quite correct. The collection he the best comment is Masson's note in loc. MR. inquires for is "Songs and Ballads for the People. E. MARSHALL'S letter is valuable as particularizing By the Rev. John M. Neale, B.A., of Trinity Colthis vague reference found therein: "This image, lege, Cambridge. Published by James Burns, 17, Dunster goes on to say, is mentioned in Aristotle's Portman Street, 1844." The first in the collection Rhetoric." is called "The Church of England. Perhaps those who have so kindly taken up this question may be able to answer another. Masson says: "Newton notes, Demosthenes calls Athens somewhere the eye of Greece, ὀφθαλμὸς Ἑλλάδος, but I cannot at present recollect the place.'......Dunster adds, 'I cannot discover the passage referred to by Bp. Newton."" H. SCHERREN. 68, Lamb's Conduit Street. THE MEMOIRS OF THOMAS PICHON (6th S. viii. 468).-The volume by Thomas Pichon, entitled Lettres et Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire Naturelle, Civile, et Folitique du Cap- Breton jusqu'en 1758, was printed in 1760 in London, though with the rubric of La Haye. The volume does not, however, contain the "mémoires " promised by the title, but only the letters. These "mémoires" have never been printed. Shortly before the publication of the volume, being disgusted with the management of French colonial affairs, Pichon came to London, and passed the remainder of his life there or in Jersey under the name of Tyrrel. He formed a valuable library (though certainly not 30,000 volumes, as stated by M. Ravaisson in his Rapports sur les Bibliothèques de l'Ouest), which, on his death in 1781, he bequeathed to his native town of Vire; and though his collections were much pillaged during the Revolution, many of his books having been destroyed and others appropriated by the library of Caen, between two and three thousand of them are still to be found in the public library of Vire. His manuscripts and papers were included in the bequest of his library, and ought still to be found there. The excellent manuscript catalogue F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. DOUBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES (6th S. vii. 119, 172; viii. 153, 273, 371).-In Muratori's Annali d'Italia, vol. ix. p. 314 (Lucca, 1763), is the following: "Il piccolo duca di Savoia Carlo Giovanni Amadeo in quest' anno (1496) mancò di vita." The Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, par le P. Anselme (Paris, 1726), makes Urraque, natural daughter of Alphonso I. of Portugal (b. 1110, d. 1185), marry Pierre Alfonse de Viegas (vol. i. p. 575). In Venezia, one of the series "Le Cento città d'Italia," published at Milan, 1879, "per cura del Prof. G. de Nino," Pietro Centranigo Barbolano is given as Doge of Venice 1026-1032; but I find him elsewhere (Histoire de Venise, par E. Sergent) mentioned as Pietro Centianigo, and the first indisputably doublynamed doge is Marc Antonio Trevisan, 1553-54. To descend to less illustrious individuals, on p. 52 of The Historie of Guicciardin, containing the Warres of Italie and other Partes reduced into English, by Geffray Fenton, imprinted at London, 1599, John Jacques Trinulce is described as captain valiaunt and particular in the profession of honour" in 1495. Jean Gilles du Buat, Seigneur de la Blandinière, was the son of Jean du Buat and Jeanne de Charnacé, who were married "par contrat du 8 Août, 1442" (Nobilaire de Normandie, vol. i. part ii. p. 44). Jean François de la Mirandole was the father of the great Jean Pic de la Mirandole, who was born in 1463. Ross O'CONNELL. a THE OFFICIAL SEALS OF AMERICAN BISHOPS (6th 3. vii. 484, 502).-There is an error which asks for correction in these lists. Among the dioceses having no seals I included "Western New York," and among those having seals I placed "Buffalo." Buffalo is the chief city of the diocese of "Western New York," but does not give the name to the diocese, and there is, therefore, no "Western New York" was, see of "Buffalo." however, as I regret to find, correctly classed; for the seal described, though designed for that diocese, has never yet been actually cut or used as such. H. W. New University Club. LONDON CUSTOMS BILL OF ENTRY (6th S. viii. 447).-A list of goods imported and exported at London, or, as it is termed, the "London Customs Bill of Entry," can be found in the old issues of the Reading Mercury. A facsimile of the first issue of this paper, dated July 8, 1723, is now being issued as a supplement to the present Reading Mercury; the original is to be found in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. JNo. H. BULLOCK. 113, Abbey Street, S.E. progress of a sale, and that upon catching sight of I was at once struck by this use of while; and I "To make society The sweeter welcome, we will keep ourself Till supper time alone: while then, God be with you!" this passage that Macbeth and Shakspere were Your correspondent would scarcely conclude from Yorkshiremen! I have also heard move used here for bow or take the hat off, but am told that it is an expression confined to no special county in England. C. MOOR, Grimsby. THE GOSPEL FOR CHRISTMAS DAY AS A CHARM (6th S. viii. 490).-I cannot see the connexion between the quotation from Jacobus Sprenger and the passage in Hamlet. The heading, moreover, to W. C. B.'s note does not appear in any way applicable to its contents. In the lines addressed by Marcellus to Hamlet, Shakespear alludes, of course, to the monkish tradition that, on the night before Christmas Day the great festival is announced by the crowing of "the bird of dawning." It was commonly believed, too, in Elizabethan times that the cattle knelt down at midnight on Christmas Eve. Both of these events may occasionally have happened at that season, from I have often at night AGNEW, MCLEROTH, &c. (6th S. viii. 449).-For entirely natural causes. seen the cattle browsing on their knees, and it is promotions, or certainly implied promotions, I would certainly not uncommon to hear chanticleer shoutsuggest referring to the old Army Lists (failing ing during the hours of darkness. A classical any original MS. source). Many of these are pre-example will readily occur to all. It was at night served in the British Museum. I may also remark that names such as McLeroth are very uncertain as to initial letter, the above being varied to McCleroth, Mellroth, McIlwraith, McClewraith, &c. Rose Villa, Burnham, Bucks. M. G. WHILE UNTIL: MOVE (6th S. iv. 489; vi. 55, 177, 319; vii. 58, 516; viii. 91, 278, 354, 411).-A Cheshire lady some years ago told me that she once, accompanied by a female relation, entered an auction room in Chester during the that the cock crowed when Peter denied our Saviour. And I cannot refrain from mentioning the characteristic trait of human nature that in all the four Gospels the story of Peter's disloyalty is told with graphic details, while events of greater importance, such as the Last Supper, are overlooked by one or more of the Evangelists. In a delightful book of travels which appeared two or three years ago allusion was made to a curious wave of unrest which, a few hours before dawn, seems to pass over all animal life. I asked a question on the subject in Folk lore Record for 1880, but my inquiry elicited no information. Two or three hours before sunrise, sometimes even at midnight, the animal world is aroused by some common instinct, which naturalists have hitherto failed to explain. The small birds on the trees begin to sing, the sheep graze, the cattle, raising themselves on their hind legs, browse in a kneeling posture, and the cocks crow lustily. In a few minutes it ceases, and all is again at rest. Perhaps some of your contributors can throw some light on this curious natural phenomenon, which doubtless gave rise to the legend alluded to by Shakespear in the lines F. G. quoted by W. C. B. MOXLEY (6th S. viii. 469).-Among other nursenames and nicknames of Margaret we have Mogg and Moggie, hence Moxon (Mogg's son) and the local surname Moxley. R. S. CHARNock. Can W. give any old form of this name? It does not occur in Eyton's Staffordshire Domesday. Kemble's Index, vol. vi. contains Moxesdun. This points to a personal name, Mox. A.-S. meox means dung, from which comes provincial English mixen, F. W. WEAVER. Germ. mist. PIGEON PAIR (6th S. viii. 385).-I have often heard this expression used in Hampshire of two children, a boy and girl, not twins, who have no Ropley, Hants. THE NUMBER OF ANCESTORS (6th S. viii. 65, 115, 237). —Allow me to correct three slight errors in my note on this subject. I find that the Queen's great-granddaughter is called Féodore and not Victoria; the Grand Dake of Hesse is descended four times from the House of Bavaria; and Albert of Batavia (p. 238) should be of Bavaria. Since I penned my first note I have examined the seize quartiers of eighty living members of royal and princely families; not one is descended from six-brother or sister. teen families. The Archduke Leopold Ferdinand is descended from only three families, ten times from that of Bourbon; his father, the ex-Grand Duke of Tuscany, from four; the Emperor of Brz, Henri de Bourbon, son of the Duke of Parma, and the Duc d'Orléans, from five families each; the Archduke Leopold Salvator from four families. If King Alfonso's pedigree were above suspicion, he would descend from only three families, three-fourths of his presumed ancestors being Bourbons. In every instance the descent is of five generations. EDMUND M. BOYLE. CROSS ON LOAVES (6th S. vii. 427; viii. 75, 391, 502, 528).-I have frequently heard Kent and Sussex cottagers say, when they "set the sponge," ""You must make a cross over it, or the dough will never rise." R. H. BUSK. REGISTERS OF WELSH CHURCHES (6th S. viii. 469). With regard to the latter part of this query, the Welsh and Saxons' laws are compared in the Rev. W. Barnes's Notes on Ancient Britain and the Britons, published in 1858 by J. Russell Smith, Soho Square. B. F. SCARLETT. LIST OF ENGLISH LOCALITIES (6th S. viii. 223, 379, 456)-ST. SWITHIN will find the passage sought ("Exonia eodem farre reficit homines et T. W. I remember well when a boy that if on cracking a nut we found two kernels inside instead of one (which not unfrequently happened), we called the uut a pigeon nut, and the kernels a pigeon pair. ROBERT M. THURGOOD. CROSS PASSANT (6th S. vii. 227).—W. M. M.'s HURLY-BURLY (6th S. viii. 420, 505).-Here "And in this search made for him, the hurly-burly after well knowen."-Grafton, 1569, vol. ii. p. 1318. at present. That ever the word should be considered rare " caps me a good un," as the "rascall people" say in these parts. R. R. Boston, Lincolnshire." CURE BY TOUCH (6th S. vii. 448; viii. 113, 292). -I am informed of another trait of M. Henrici, the gentleman mentioned at the last reference as claiming to be "de la famille des guerisseurs," as he expresses it. Though a professed disciple of "free thought," he is proud to claim descent from the family of St. Roch, the patron of the plaguestricken, as well as from that of St. Louis, and one of his relations is possessed of a staff believed to be the traditional one used by the saint when he went on his missions of healing the sick, and with which medieval art always depicts him. R. H. BUSK. THOMAS BAMBRIDGE (6th S. viii. 187, 316, 375). -With reference to the latter part of G. F. R. B.'s query, Mr. John Nicholls, F.S.A., in his explanations of the subjects of Hogarth's works, states:"This very fine picture, Hogarth himself tells us, was painted in 1729 for Sir Archibald Grant, of Monymusk, Bart., at that time Knight of the Shire for Aberdeen, and one of the Committee represented in the painting." The engraving of this picture which I possess is "by T. Cook from an original picture by W. Hogarth in the possession of Mr. Ray." C. A. PYNE. Aryan people would involve researches covering the whole field of Aryan philology. If Mr. Ferguson had been acquainted with the works of Fick, Heintze, and other recent German writers upon his subject, he would have been put in possession of principles which would have enabled him to avoid serious errors. The fault of his book is that habit of guessing which the scientific man abhors. Finding in a recent English directory names that resemble forms that he encounters in Kemble's Codex Diplomaticus, or in the Liber Vita of Durham, or even in the wide-covering Altdeutsches cient evidence, their identity. He may be right in Namenbuch of Förstemann, he assumes, without suffimany cases, but the number of instances in which he is wrong will discredit much of what he advances. Take, for example, such names as Kennaway, Alloway, Galloway, and other similar forms. These he would identify ignoring the fact that these appellations find a ready with such ancient names as Kenewi, Alewih, Geilwih, explanation in the corresponding names of places (in Scotland). This ignoring of place-names as the probable vice of the book. An examination of Slater's Directory explanation of many of our famil ar surnames is the of Scotland would have convinced Mr. Ferguson that such names as Alderdice, Dyce, Full love, Hannah, Kinnaird, are not to be traced to the out-of-the-way in the neighbourhood of which the families bearing forms he adduces, but to localities in North Britain, these names are still to be found. Perhaps, too, he would not have said what he does about the termination -staff in some English surnames if he had thought of the localities similarly denominated, and evidently the source of some, if not of all of them, eg., Bickerstaffe, Wagstaffe, &c. The same may be said of his Baldridge and Hardacre, and other compounds containing ridge or -acre. This very numerous class has too many representatives in local nomenclature to warrant the far Hampstead, N.W. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. ix. fetched origins put forward by Mr. Ferguson. This 10). NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Surnames as a Science. By Robert Ferguson, M.P. (Routledge & Sons.) WHEN one thinks of the large literature devoted on the Continent, and especially in Germany, to personal and surnames, one is surprised that the subject has excited so little interest on this side of the Channel, Mr. Lower's and Mr. Bardsley's works are the only recent English publications dealing with the matter, and, valuable as they are in many respects, they lack that thoroughness and scientific method which distinguish the researches in nomenclature of our German neighbours. Mr. Ferguson has availed himself of many continental authorities, and has also gone for information upon AngloSaxon names to the founts furnished by our early charters. For these reasons his work is a great advance upon those of his predecessors. Yet it is too much to claim for his researches the character of a science. Apart from the question whether the word science is applicable to name-investigations in any other sense than that in which it is given to philology generally, we fear his method is far from sanctioning the ambition displayed in his title. His inductions are far too narrow to bear the issues he would force from them. ecientific study of the rersonal nomenclature of any A tendency to ignore the easy explanation of surnames offered by the names of localities often leads Mr. Ferguson to somewhat startling conclusions. From such names as Godsoe and Vergoose he would imply the existence of a High German element among the invaders of England. Godsoe seems to us to be a local name (Gods-hoe), akin to the forms Godsbe and Godscroft, and the name Vergoose is most probably Cornish, and of the same kind as Engoose, Mellangoose, Tregoose, Pencoose, Wildgoose, &c., all to be found in Cornwall, in the first instance as names of places, and afterwards frequently as those of families. The termination -goose is the Cornish form of the Welsh cord= wood, and cognate with English heath. If Mr. Ferguson, in another edition of his book, would give full credit to the place-name element, and at the same time furnish from trustworthy sources intermediate links between the early forms he brings forward and those which he attempts to explain, his work would be most valuable. As it is, we fear that its merits will be overshadowed by its defects. Perhaps these defects are the necessary attendants of such a pioneer movement as Mr. Ferguson has inaugurated in this country. At any rate, they will meet with no harsh criticism from any one who knows the nature of the labours undertaken by Mr. Ferguson and the great difficulties by which they are beset. The Roxburghe Ballads, illustrating the Last Years of the Stuarts. Edited, with special Introduction and Notes, by J. Woodfall Ebsworth, M.A., F.S.A. Part XIII. (Ballad Society.) WITH the thirteenth number of the Roxburghe Ballads Mr. Ebsworth commences the fifth volume of this rapidly THE well-known Italian publishers Bocca Brothers, of Turin, Florence, and Rome, announce for commencement with the new year a quarterly review of Italian history, under the title of Rivista Storica Italiana. The review, besides dealing critically with Italian history in all its phases, for which, we may add, the materials have for years past been accumulating through the various Commissioni di Storia Patria, &c., will also notice books on Italian subjects published beyond the Alps, and give a bibliography of works and of articles dealing with the history of Italy. This is a tempting bill of fare for lovers of historical studies, and we hope it will be successfully carried out. progressing series. With it also terminates the second group of ballads on the struggle for succession between the Duke of Monmouth and the Duke of York. The period covered in the present number extends from the meeting of the Oxford Parliament, in the March of 1680/1, to the week preceding the discovery of the Rye House Plot, in June, 1683. The most interesting portion consists of the ballads on the marriage of Tom Thynne, and on his murder, at the instigation of Count Königsmark, by Capt. Vratz, Lieut. Stern, and the Pole Borolski, who were hanged in Pall Mall, close to the Ecene of the murder. Bitter lampoons are directed against the Duchess of Portsmouth and other royal favourites. Through this not too satisfactory epoch in APROPOS to the current exhibition in the Grosvenor our annals Mr. Ebsworth progresses, supplying, in the Gallery, Messrs. Remington & Co. will immediately pubshape of preliminary information and illustrative com-lish a second and revised edition of Mr. F. G. Stephens's ment, a complete history of the country from a strongly anecdotic and critical essay on English Children as anti-Monmouth point of view. Few of those who look Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, which has long been at these quick-succeeding volumes can rightly estimate out of print. This volume will range with the annotated the amount of patient labour and active research in- Catalogue of the Grosvenor Exhibition, and comprise a volved in making the requisite references. Few, more copious list of pictures of children as engraved after over, calculate how clear a light is cast upon English Reynolds. history by these fragmentary illustrations. No student of history should fail to subscribe to the Ballad Society. A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Perage and Baronetage. Together with Memoirs of the Privy Councillors and Knights. By Sir Bernard Burke, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King at Arms. Forty-sixth Edition. (Harrison.) So full an account of the forty-fifth edition of this important historical and genealogical work appeared in 'N. & Q.," we are spared the necessity of dealing at any length with the present edition. During many consecutive years Burke's Peerage and Baronetage stood, as regards fulness and accuracy of information, without a rival. Strenuous efforts have been made of late to undermine its ascendency, but it remains the most trusted and the most popular dictionary of the titled classes in the United Kingdom. In the fulness of the genealogical information supplied a chief claim to consideration is furnished. The procedure of peers, baronets, and knights among themselves, military, naval, diplomatic rank and precedence are supplied, and all orders and decorations, down to the latest, the Royal Red Cross, are given. In the list of those to whom Sir Bernard Burke acknowledges his indebtedness for maintaining his work at its present standard of efficiency appears the name of a constant and valued correspondent of "N. & Q.," Mr. C. H. E. Carmichael. THE Antiquarian Magazine for January contains, inter alia, articles on the recent discovery of a viking's tomb at Taplow and on "Garlands for Christmas." MR. ELLIOT STOCK announces an edition of Gray's Elegy, with illustrations taken principally from the scenery round Stoke Pogis and with facsimiles of the author's early MS. copies of the poem. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. R. B. ("Republican Calendar ").-A reference to the Handy Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates of the late Mr. John James Bond will be found 6th S. viii. 333. J. MANUEL ("All rights reserved ").-The words in question, whether used in Great Britain or the United States, appear to be mere surplusage, and neither confer nor declare any rights. All that you have to see to is that what you propose doing is fairly done, i. e., in moderation. We shall probably have an article on the whole subject shortly, in connexion with recent discussions to which it has given rise. R. H. BUSK.-The MS. to which you bid us refer was forwarded with the proof which was lost in transmission. Magazine").-The date is obviously to be read backHAROLD MALET ("A Mausoleum turned into a Powder wards, when it is seen to be 1703. C. A. WARD ("Quotation Wanted").—See 6th S. viii. 299. W. G. B. P. ("Hull Portfolio ").-Received too late for this week. Shakespeariana. Vol. I. No. 1. (New York, Leonard ERRATA.-P. 3, col. 1, 1. 13 from bottom, for "pomarum "read pomorum. P. 19, col. 2, 1, 23, for "Cousin " NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. |