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Since Lothaire, King of Italy, was dead in 930, she is not likely to have been his daughter. She was, in all probability, a daughter of Otho I., Emperor of Germany, whose wife Adelaide was daughter of Rodolpho, King of Burgundy, and Bertha, widow of King Lothaire. HERMENTRUDE.

which claim the honour of having secreted Charles II. after the battle of Worcester? Since my communication on this subject (Sept. 27) I have come across the following in Cussans's History of Hertfordshire: -"On the southern side of the house (which side has been allowed to fall into a dilapidated state) is a small room in which, ac"KNIGHT OF TOGGENBURG " (6th S. ix. 407).-cording to local tradition, King Charles II. lay I think that the "H. T." mentioned by MR. concealed for some days." Bank of England. CARMICHAEL represents the Rev. Henry Thompson, of St. John's, Cambridge, and late Vicar of Chard, a well-known literary man and theological writer. He edited Original Ballads by Living Writers in 1850, and contributed to German Ballads in 1845.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. The Library, Claremont, Hastings.

LONDON PAVED WITH GOLD (6th S. v. 429; vi. 153, 299, 496; ix. 358, 398).—My earliest recollection of this saying goes back to my nursery days, full seventy years since; but the rhymed form as I know it differs somewhat from any given by your correspondents. It runs thus:

"Oh, London is a fine town, a very famous city,
Where all the streets are paved with gold, and all the
maidens pretty."

I remember, too, having read about the same time,
in the renowned History of Sir Richard Whit-
tington, thrice Lord Mayor of London, how the
report which had reached the friendless orphan in
the country village where he lived, that the streets
in the great city of London were paved with gold,
induced him to set off to try his fortune there. I
do not know when the story of Whittington first
appeared in print; but it would be interesting if
it could be ascertained whether in the earliest
editions of it there is any reference to the saying,
which is clearly the leading idea in the stanza
quoted from Henry Carey's ballad, and is probably
E. McC

much older than 1734.

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ALLAN FEA.

GEORGE BOLEYN, DEAN OF LICHFIELD (6th S. ix. 406).-From a short pedigree I made from Blomefield's Norfolk, it shows that the father of Queen Anne Boleyn, Sir Thomas, had five brothers: William, Archdeacon of Winchester; Sir James, Lord Mayor of London (who died s.p.); Sir Edward; John; and Anthony. No further particulars are given of these brothers, except that Sir Edward married Anne, the daughter and coheiress of Sir John Tempest, but does not appear to have left any children.

The sudden aggrandizement of the family in the line of Sir Thomas may have thrown the rest of the family more or less into the shade, where they may have been very willing to remain after the equally sudden downfall of Queen Anne and all her friends. So may it not be possible that George Boleyn, the Dean of Lichfield, may have been descended from William the archdeacon, from John, or from Anthony? Any of these descents would make him equally the kinsman of Lord Hunsdon and of Queen Elizabeth, as were also the Cleres of Ormesby, the Calthorpes, and the Sheltons by their mothers, the three sisters of Sir Thomas. I only throw this out as a suggestion, for I have not Blomefield's Norfolk by me, or any book on that county, and only drew up the short Boleyn pedigree to assist me with regard to that of the Clere family. STRIX.

P.S. Since writing the above, I by chance found in "N. & Q." (5th S. i. 45) a curious addition to the Boleyn pedigree:—

George Bulleyn, son of George Bulleyn,
Viscount Rochford,

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Elizabeth and Mary, found buried at Clonoony
Castle, King's County.

THE SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT (6th S.
ix. 370, 396, 414).—In a memorandum with which
Mr. Gorges Gwynne, the rector of Eastwell, Kent,
was good enough to supply me at the time of the
correspondence in "N. & Q." about "The Last of
the Plantagenets," he writes: "Our ancient register
likewise contains the Solemn League and Covenant,
1642-3, with the original signatures of the parish-
ioners."
R. H. BUSK.

SOURCE OF NURSERY RHYME (6th S. ix. 248, 292, 373). This was a nursery rhyme fifty years ago. Those who quote the last line as hot porridge, of whatever kind, I humbly submit, lose the fun of it. The version current in my nursery ran thus:

"The man in the moon came down too soon
To ask the way to Norwich;

The man in the south he burnt his mouth
With eating cold plum-porridge."

GERMAN HISTORICAL BALLADS (6th S. ix. 428). -The book about which your correspondent inquires was published at Leipzig under the patronage of the King (Maximilian I.) of Bavaria. The title is "Die Historischen Volkslieder der Deutschen vom 13 bis 16 Jahrhundert, gesammelt und erläutert von R. von Liliencron," 4 vols. 8vo. (1865-69). FR. NORGATE.

If plum-porridge be the true term, the date must
be relegated to a day when the modern cloth had
not converted that ancient dainty into plum-A.
pudding.
HERMENTRUde.

To East Anglian ears the first line as given by Ritson is simply intolerable. The reading given on p. 248 ("came down at noon ") is less offensive, inasmuch as noon rhymes with moon, which is more than can be said for down in our part of the country, although it might pass well enough further north. But I believe that both are wrong, and that the true reading is

"The man in the moon came down too soon."

As to the last line, authorities differ, some having
pease-porridge and others plum-porridge. I am
not sure which is right, but rather incline to the
latter.
FR. N.

PICTURES IN BERLIN WOOL (6th S. ix. 328, 376).—Italy has a kindred and somewhat superior art-reproducing line engravings with black silk stitches on a white silk ground. There are good specimens of it at the Bologna and other public galleries, and it is still successfully taught in girls' schools. I do not remember meeting it, however, out of Italy.

R. H. BUSK.

THE LADY ARABELLA CHURCHILL (6th S. ix. 389, 419).-There is a portrait of this lady, by Sir Peter Lely, in the possession of Earl Spencer. It was exhibited by him in the first loan collection of national portraits in 1866, and was numbered 1018. In the loan collection of the following year the Duke of Marlborough exhibited a portrait of James Fitzjames, Duke of Berwick. It was painted by Nicholas Cassana, and was numbered 21 in the catalogue. G. F. R. B.

For references to portraits of Miss Churchill (not "The Lady," as she was a knight's daughter and a plain colonel's wife) and of her son the Duke of Berwick see Granger's Biographical History of England and Evans's Catalogue of Portraits.

NORMAN CHEVERS.

MOTTO WANTED (6th S. ix. 207, 236, 256).— "Reverence the cheese-like brain that feeds you with all these jolly maggots" (Rabelais) is perhaps scarcely as elegant or classical a quotation as MR. KING desires, but it is equally appropriate to his subject and flattering to himself. H. GIBSON.

LOUIS XVII. (6th S. ix. 368).—The work which MR. E. R. VYVYAN remembers was doubtless Louis XVII.: sa Vie, son Agonie, sa Mort, par de Beauchesne, which was translated from the French and published by Clarke in 1853. The two volumes were copiously illustrated with views, plans, facsimiles, &c., and formed almost a canonization of the unhappy little Capet. Fillongley.

ESTE.

ANDREW MARVELL AND VALENTINE GREATRAKS (6th S. ix. 61). The once fashionable quack doctor Mr. St. John Long, who undertook to cure diseases by subjecting his patients to friction or scrubbing, and who at last came to grief in a case that proved fatal, and led to an inquest and a verdict that put a stoppage to his professional practice, no doubt had read of, and had been tempted to imitate, Valentine Greatrakes, an operator who lived two hundred years before him. The following account of this person is extracted from the Newes, July 13 and July 27, 1665 :—

"Dublin, July 5, 1665.-For this month last past here has been great talk of Mr. Valentine Greatrakes, and of strange cures he has done, only with touching or stroaking; whereof we have received divers letters from Cork, and of the multitudes that flock about him. He is by some that know him well, reported for a very civil, discipline of the Church; born in Munster; a gentleman frank, and well humoured man, conformable to the of English extraction; sometime a lieutenant in Colonel Farr's regiment; master of a competent estate, and he takes neither money nor present for his cures. What moved him to this course is not known, but spoken of that being too small for his company, he is now come to variously. Till of late he kept at his own house; but Youghall. We have now received a letter dated the first instant, at Clonmel, from a very intelligent and sober person, a councellor at law, returning homeward after the last term, to the purpose following:- My curiosity would not permit me to refrain beholding Mr. Greatrakes, curing of all diseases in the town, where he occasionally was, and especially being of my acquaintpress of people are only for those to believe that see it. Two or three ships well freighted out of England with all diseases, are most returned well home. He is forced to leave his own house, and lives at Youghall, through necessity of the throng after him. He admires himself this strange gift of healing. It's incredible to tell how many he said he cured, and can be proved, and only by touching or gently rubbing. I saw a plowman of Mr. sciatica, that he was for six miles brought hither in a John Mandevilles, in this county, so afflicted with the carr. I saw him come very much labouring and limping into the chamber. He chafed his thigh, and asked,

ance. In short, the multitudes that follow, and the

"Where is the pain now?" He said, "In the leg." He chafed there, and asked, "Where now?" The fellow cried, "Oh, in the top of my buttock!" There he chafed also, and asked, "Where now?" Then he said, in his foot. And he chafed it there to his great toe, where it went away. The fellow in my hearing confessed himself well, and I saw him leap and dance, and go away well. 'Tis so strange to me, I know now not what to say to it, and his cure is altogether by touch; the French pox and dry inward ptisicks not excepted.' The story is every day confirmed by more witnesses, and fresh instances. Several that have been with him make report of the advantage they have received, and of the multitudes that flock to him both out of curiosity and for relief. In a letter received from a lady, known to be a prudent and very excellent person, she avers herself to have been an eye-witness in her own house of above three score cured by him in one night, of deafness, blindness, cancers, sciatica, palsies, impostumes, fistulas, and the like, who went away by the blessing of God well recovered."

Two works, one entitled Valentine Greatrak's Account of Strange Cures by Stroaking with the Hand, and the other entitled Wonders no Miracles; or, Mr. Greatrak's Gift of Stroaking Examined, were published in London in 1660. I have noted a ludicrous blunder made by the editors of John Ray's works. In Ray's Memorials, published by the Ray Society, he mentions (at p. 17) reading "the business about Great Rakes," between the years 1663 and 1667. On this his annotator, George Scott, tells us, "These great rakes are now [1740] come into general use among the farmers, and are called drag rakes." Dr. Edwin Lankester, who edited the volume for the society, not being better fitted for the task, did not know what the reference was to, and therefore allowed the mistake to pass uncorrected. Unfortunately the society's Memorials of Ray contain several editorial errors. JAMES H. FENNELL.

7, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

have done this is capable of great exaggeration. We believe that at least one-half the words which Dr. Mackay has commented upon have come to us through a Teutonic channel, though we would not be understood to affirm that sisters to them are not to be found in the Keltic tongues The author says that as ale means drink, it does not follow that in the church-ales or bride-ales......much or any ale was consumed, but only that some kind of drink was provided for the guests." How this may be as to bride-ales we will not affirm; but that ale was consumed plentifully at church-ales we have positive proof from existing churchwardens' accounts. Dr. Mackay is hard upon dictionary makers. We confess to having a fellow feeling with him in this respect; but he should bear in mind that all are not equally guilty; and, to speak of the dead only, there are some to whom we owe a debt of gratitude. It cannot be too often enforced upon word-derivers that because something of like sound to an English word may be found, either in English or some foreign language, it by no means follows that the two things have any connexion. For example, mendicant might be a jocose word, formed from "mend I can't." Any one who knows even a little Latin will be quite sure that this derivation is preposterous, and yet there are hundreds of equally foolish derivations that have passed current and been received into works of authority.

The Book of Psalms. Translated by the Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A. (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.) THOUGH designed apparently for a class of readers different from those to which the series as a whole directly appeals, this latest volume of the "Parchment Library" of Messrs. Kegan Paul & Co. is likely to be version of the Psalms at once poetical and critical. A one of the most popular. It presents for the first time a thorough Hebrew scholar, Mr. Cheyne supplies a text which may be accepted as authoritative. He furnishes, also, disquisitions equally erudite and popular upon the development of psalmody from the Accadian form; upon which can be attributed to David; upon the chronology the authorship of the Psalms, a very small number of of the Psalter; and upon other kindred subjects. Explanations, singularly lucid and acceptable, are supplied at the end of the volume, and some few conjectural emendations of the Hebrew text are attempted. The

CRÉTIN (6th S. ix. 269).—I would direct M.'s task set before themselves by the producers of the attention to the article "Chrétien" in the supple-volume-to enable the "lovers of literature to read the ment to Littré, p. 361, where he will find that in accomplished, and the attractive little volume will enjoy Psalter intelligently and with pleasure"-bas been fully the south-west of France lepers or pariahs are still a wide circulation. More, even, may be said. Embody. called chrétiens, as formerly they were called ing as it does the latest results of scholarship, it is chrestiens; or he may consult Folk-Etymology, likely to prepare the way for a treatment of the lyrical A. SMYTHE PALMER. portion of the Bible different from anything that has yet been attempted.

p. 470.

Woodford, Essex.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

New Light on some Obscure Words and Phrases in the Works of Shakspeare and his Contemporaries. By Charles Mackay, LL.D. (Reeves & Turner.) WE do not think that Dr. Mackay's pamphlet will be much help either to Shakspeare students or philologists. His statements are not very clear; but, if we read him aright, he holds that a much greater part of the present English tongue is of Keltic origin than has been conceded by previous investigators. No one denies that the Keltic tongues have influenced not only our local nomenclature, but also our language; but the amount to which they

Hints on Catalogue Titles and on Index Entries, with a Rough Vocabulary of Terms and Abbreviations, &c. By Charles F. Blackburn. (Sampson Low & Co.) To a certain extent a trade treatise, intended to assist the professional cataloguer, Mr. Blackburn's volume is likely to commend itself to all lovers of books. There are few of these who have not dreamed of some time of leisure, when the contents of their shelves shall be catalogued, and the task of hunting out a volume not in daily use shall be robbed of some of its difficulties. A perusal of Hints on Catalogue Titles will probably induce them to abandon the idea of performing the task themselves, and lead them to seek duly qualified assist ance. In this world there are few things a man can do well by the mere use of common sense and with no preliminary training. There is, in fact, nothing that it is

easy to do well. How much study and preparation, what industry and what care, are necessary to the arrangement and cataloguing of books, Mr. Blackburn shows. Very far from arduous is, however, the task of reading, and even of studying, his volume. In the portion in which he describes "A Private Library and the Society of Books," giving in so doing a catalogue rai sonne of the contents of a few shelves, the author is positively entertaining. We heartily commend the volume to general circulation. There are few bibliophiles who will not be glad to possess it.

Letters of William Cowper. Edited, with Introduction, by the Rev. W. Benham, B.D., F.S.A. (Macmillan & Co.)

with, and fetches on the rare occasions when it occurs very long prices. The literary value of the work bas received ample recognition from Ranke, Hefele, and all writers on ecclesiastical history. The reprint will be executed in facsimile. Twenty-eight marks per volume is the subscription price.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." Testril in the passage you quote stands for tester. The EDWARD R. VYVYAN ("Twelfth Night, II. iii.").— name, derived from the king's head (teste or tête) on it, testril, &c. A teston, the original French coin, was once was variously written teston, tester, teslern, testorne, worth eighteen pence, but was reduced to sixpence, at which value it is estimated in the Twelfth Night. “I communion to get a testorne, but will not come to rethink truely all the town would come and celebrate the the body and blood of Christ " (Latimer's Sermons). E. P.-Etienne Pivert de Senancour, a well-known French writer, was born in Paris in November, 1770, died at St. Cloud, January, 1846. Educated as a priest, he refused to take the vows and fled to Switzerland, where he married. He is a voluminous author, his best known work being Obermann, first published in Paris, 1804, and subsequently reprinted with a preface by Sainte-Beuve, and still later with an introduction by George Sand. See Sainte-Beuve, Portraits Contem porains, tom. i.; Quérard, France Littéraire; and La Nouvelle Biographie Générale.

AN edition of Cowper's letters handier, prettier, and in
every way more desirable than is supplied by Messrs.
Macmillan is scarcely to be hoped. A full knowledge
of the poet is possessed by Mr. Benham, who is known
as editor of the Globe edition of Cowper's Works.
This possession has been turned to account in the colla-
tion of the letters and their disposition in chronological
order. To the work Mr. Benham has prefaced a sketch of
the poet's life which, while short, is all that is needed,
supplying as it does the principal facts in Cowper's life
and a sketch of his correspondents. To praise the letters
of Cowper is now superfluous. They have won accept
ance as among the most delightful compositions in their
class, and will assuredly be known as long as the lan-
guage in which they are written. Next to the letters of
Lamb, perhaps, in charm of style, the letters of Cowperceive
have sincerity, justness of observation and humour that
cannot easily be surpassed. A specially delightful fea-
ture in them is their appreciation. How pleasant, for
instance, are the passages addressed to Unwin (p. 57) on
Vincent Bourne! Passages in some letters to women
might almost be supposed to have been written by Lamb.
The Annual Register for 1883. New Series. (Rivingtons.)
THE utility of the Annual Register is now so fully re-
cognized, one no more thinks of praising it than of prais-
ing the Post Office Directory. To the student it is ser-
viceable, to the scholar it saves much arduous research,
to the ready writer it is indeed indispensable.
obituary alone is sufficient to establish it in favour with
the worker. The latest volume yields in no respects to
its predecessors.

Its

C. G. M. (Orebro).-In the first case cited from Scott, "the" is to be regarded as bearing two aspects: when inserted between the Christian name and surname it is probably a corruption of "de," the charter form of

the surname; when used, as you will sometimes find it, Com-with the surname alone, it resembles the usage prevailing to the chief's name by way of eminence, as, e. g., "The in certain Scottish clans of prefixing the definite article Chisholm," &c. But the modern form of the surname may also be used, and then neither of the above uses is applicable. The different styles of the other writers you name, and the different subjects treated, sufficiently account for your not finding the same class of expressions in their writings. "The more happy that," &c. the more happy for having, or in that he had, done such a deed.

THE Contemporary has a valuable paper on "The Historical Assumptions of the Ecclesiastical Courts mission," by Edwin Hatch, D.D., and one by Mr. Bryce, M.P., on "An Ideal University."- -"Le Style, c'est l'Homme: a Causerie," by the Earl of Lytton, an essay by Mr. Sendall on Charles Stuart Calverley, and one by Prof. Butcher on Sophocles, attract attention to the Fortnightly, in which also appear the first three chapters of the new novel of Mr. George Meredith.-The Nineteenth Century has papers by the Hon. Mr. Justice Stephen on "The Unknowable and the Unknown," and Forgotten Bibles" by Prof. Max Müller.-Mr. Mew writes in the Gentleman's on the Seigneur des Accords, as the whimsical author of Les Bigarrures et

on ""

Touches elected to be called.-Macmillan contains a

poem, hitherto unpublished, by Charles Kingsley, called "Juventus Mundi."

SOMEWHAT tardily we draw attention to the forthcoming republication by Victor Palmé, of 17, Unter den Linden, Berlin, of the immense Collectio Sacrorum Conciliorum of Joan. Domin, Mansi. This prodigious work of the famous Archbishop of Lucca is in thirty-one folio volumes, and carries the history of ecclesiastical councils to the year 1509. The original, 1757-98, is not easily met

BARUM.-The question concerning "Cu. Ld." (ante, p. 428) is too unimportant to justify a second insertion. The substitution of " Cw." for Cu. was due to your manuscript. "Cu. Ld." are the letters the signification of which correspondents are invited to furnish.

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