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CONTENTS.- N° 213.

NOTES:-Andrew Marvell and Valentine Greatraks, 61 The Orkneys, 63-Autograph Letter of De Foe-St. Amand and De Albini, 65-John Howe-Goodman-Popular Superstitions - Fish Sauce-First Introduction of Christmas Cards, 66-New Words - Remedy in Teething, 67.

educated; he afterwards fought in the Irish wars with the view of recovering the family estate; and he finally resettled in Ireland, becoming Justice of the Peace and Clerk for co. Cork. He died about 1682.

About the year 1662 he had, as he says, "an impulse or a strange persuasion in my own mind (of which I am not able to give any rational account to another), which did very frequently suggest to me that there was bestowed on me the gift of curing the King's-Evil."

He was successful in testing this strange gift, and the fame of his cures spread abroad. He was

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Notices to Correspondents, &c.

Notes.

ANDREW MARVELL AND VALENTINE
GREATRAKS, THE STROKER.

I have recently been reading a remarkable set of pamphlets, lent me by my good neighbour Samuel Gratrix, Esq., of West Point, connected with Valentine Greatraks, who wrought marvellous

cures of diseases and distempers by stroking. The most important tract is entitled :

A Brief Account of Mr. Valentine Greatrak's, and divers of the Strange Cures By him lately Performed. Written by himself in a Letter Addressed to the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq. Whereunto are annexed the Testimonials of Several Eminent and Worthy Persons of the chief Matters of Fact therein Related. London, Printed for J. Starkey, at the Mitre in Fleet-street, be tween the Middle Temple-Gate and Temple-Bar. 1666. -4to. Portrait by Faithorne. Pp. 96.

This came from the pen of Greatraks himself, who was an upright and a sober gentleman of independent means, belonging to Affane, co. Waterford, descended from a family settled at Great Rakes, near Matlock; and it was in reply to an attack upon his character by David Lloyd, a writer of memoirs more remarkable for their number than accuracy. Greatraks's apology is a dignified composition, written without heat, and bearing an air of truthfulness. He was born at Affane in 1628. On the breaking out of the Irish rebellion he was sent to Stock Gabriel, in Devonshire, to be

and many persons resorted to his house. The
knowledge of his surprising powers travelled into
England, and afflicted persons of all conditions of
life crossed the sea to be "stroked." In January,
1666, by the persuasion of the Earl of Orrery,
Robert Boyle's brother, Greatraks left Affane to
visit Lady Conway in Warwickshire, who suffered
from an incurable headache. Landing at Mine-

towards Hagley he was resorted to by crowds of
afflicted persons.
His stroking of Lady Conway
was ineffectual. When preparing to return home,
he was invited to Worcester, where great crowds
of persons were relieved. The charges for enter-
taining Mr. Greatraks at this city were printed in
“N. & Q,” 3rd S. v. 439. The king next sent for
him, but, according to a letter, was far from enter-
taining a good opinion of his person or cures. In
a letter dated May 3, 1666, Greatraks says:-

"The King's Doctors this day (for the confirmation of their Majesty's belief) sent three out of the hospital to me, who came on crutches, and blessed be God, they all went home well, to the admiration of all people, as well as the doctors."-Rawdon Papers, p. 211.

It is said that the Court, though not fully persuaded of his miraculous power, did not forbid him to make himself known. Greatraks hereupon took lodgings in Lincoln's Inn Fields, where more remarkable scenes were enacted. Many of the cures are vouched for by physicians, divines, and other witnesses of position. Pp. 48-96 of the Account are taken up by their testimonials as to the efficacy of the stroker's powers; and among the attestors are Dr. John Wilkins, Dr. H. More, Robert Boyle, Dr. B. Whichcott, Sir J. Godolphin, Dr. George Rust, Dr. R. Cudworth, the Rev. Simon Patrick, and others.

Amongst the cases is the following (pp. 83-4):— "I Anthony Nicholson of Cambridge, Book-seller, have been affected sore with pains all over my body, for three and twenty years last past, have had advice and best directions of all the Doctors there, have been at the Bath in Somersetshire, and been at above one hundred pound expense to procure ease, or a Cure of these pains; and have found all the means I could be advised or directed to, ineffectual for either, till by the advice of Dr. Benjamin Whichcot and Dean Rust, I applied my self to Mr. Greatrak's for help upon Saturday was

sevenight, being the latter end of March, who then stroked me; upon which I was very much worse, and enforced to keep my bed for 5 or days but then being stroked twice since, by the blessing of God upon Mr. Gratrak's endeavours I am perfectly eas'd of al pains, and very healthy and strong, insomuch as I intend (God willing) to return home towards Cambridge to-morrow morning, though I was so weak as I was necessitated to be brought up in mens arms, on Saturday last about 11 of the clock, to Mr. Greatrak's. Attested by me this tenth day of April, 1666. I had also an hard swelling in my left Arm, whereby I was disabled from using it; which being taken out by the said Mr. Greatrak's, I am perfectly freed of all pain, and the use thereof wholly

restored,

In the presence of

ANTHONY NICHOLSON.
Andr. Marvell.
Ja. Faireclough.
Tho. Alured.
Tho. Pooley.
W. Popple."

There are good reasons for believing that the first witness to this statement is the famous politician who represented Hull in Parliament. His interest in the case is perhaps due to his connexion with the university, and the elder Marvell belonged to Cambridgeshire. The date takes us to the Marvell correspondence, where we find two letters very near to this date. The first was written on Dec. 9, 1665, when Marvell was attending the Parliament at Oxford, which met there on account of the Plague in London; and the second was written Oct. 23, 1666, when, just after the Great Fire, it met at Westminster. In these letters, which are purely devoted to parliamentary business, Marvell's lodgings are not mentioned. The signature to Nicholson's statement was Marvell's usual way of writing it, and is so found in the fine series of "Parliamentary and Familiar Letters." But the presence of "W. Popple" as a co-witness adds confirmation to Marvell's identity. The Popple family of Charterhouse, near Hull, was connected with the Marvells, and the name often occurs in the correspondence. Capt. Thompson explains the relationship, viz., that Marvell's sister Catherine married Edmund Popple (vol. i. pp. iv, xxxi), though elsewhere he says that Marvell had only one sister, Ann, who married Mr. James Blaydes (iii. 489-90). Dr. Grosart says that the sister who married Edmund Popple was Mary, and that the marriage took place in 1636 (vol. i. p. xxxiii; and cf., for other references to the family, p. xlv, and vol. ii. p. xli). William Popple was the son of this Edmund, and was educated under Marvell's direction (Thompson, vol. i. p. xxxviii). He was subsequently a merchant in Bordeaux, and was the possessor of a MS. volume of his uncle's poems. Thompson quotes a letter to Popple without date (vel. i. p. xxxi), and also a letter to his "cousin" Ramsden, dated March 21, 1670 (p. 408), which is ascribed by Dr. Grosart to William Popple (ii. 313). There is another letter dated June 10, 1678 (Thompson, iii. 479).

The Alured family was connected with Andrew

Marvell, for the elder Marvell married for his second wife one of this family. Cf. Grosart, vol. i. P. xlv; Forster's Visit. Yorkshire, p. 144.

There is a second case of stroking in Greatraks's tract, p. 85, dated April 10, 1666, also attested by Marvell, Popple, Alured, and others.

Among the persons whom Greatraks failed to cure were Flamsteed the astronomer and Sir John Denham; the rough stroking in the latter case was said to have made its subject stark mad. Greatraks's hand is said to have been large, heavy, and soft, and an aroma as of sweet flowers came from it. He is not named in Pepys's Diary, nor in Evelyn's; but a letter from Evelyn in Thoresby's Correspondence (i. 383), referring to him, says that he seemed to have a remarkable countenance, which denoted something extraordinary.

Mr. Gratrix's volume of tracts contains a MS. narrative of some cures done in Ireland in 1680, and as this document has never been printed it may be worth preserving in your pages:

"Being in Ireland with my Sister Osborn November 25th, 1680: I went to see Mr Gratricks stroke (as with him; my Niece and Nephew Osborn were with me. People called it). My Brother Osborn was acquainted He was then at Dublin and lodged at the House of one Mrs. Denison that we knew. The door was so crowded, we could hardly git in, and the Rabble were angry that we did, saying the Gentelfolks might gitt cure for their money, therefore they should raither lett in the Poor. We were had to his Rome, whare not many at a time were lett in. When he had done with those in the rome he turned to me, and asked if I had any Seruice to command him, I said No; 'twas only curiousitty brought me, which I hoped he would not be angry with. He said not in the lest; and would be speaking to us sometimes to loak on what he thought remarkable. Certainly there must be in him something exterordenery, for there was none that he stroked for pains, but said they were cured. He says, and they confermed it, that pain flis before his hand and allways went out at their fingers or Toes. Many that had the head-ake he rubed his hand on, and asked whare is it now. They would answer, either neck, breast, or sholder. They unlaced and untied their Petticoats, and he followed it on their bare Bodys till 'twas gon. One, when all the Pain was got into her great toe, he bed me feel how cold it was and see how it trembled; and then after 2 or 3 little strokes she said 'twas gon.

"There ware many children that had the Rickets he stroked naked all ouer that had been there before, and their Frinds said were much better.

"There was a great many for the Evel that said they had received much benifet. Sores that were broke he spit in, and rub'd with his fingers (and so he did to sore eyes) those swillings he said that must break, his hand would ripen; if not disspirse it.

"A great many sores he lanced, and one that had an Vlcer in her side.

"2 or 3 that had the Gout, and one that had ......, he would do nothing to, and told a blind man, Were the twelve Apostles there, thay could not make him see; he had no eyes; and nothing could help him but a new crea

tion.

"I admired the People as much as him, for they bore all he did with great patience and neuer gain

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