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P. 417. What do you bid? the fact that the auction is a only one exception accepts the Kneller. A famous portrait painter (1646-1723) of royal and noble per

Part of the fun of this auction scene lies in farce, since there is only one bidder, who with price set on the pictures.

sonages.

woolsack. The cushion on which the Lord Chancellor sits in the House of Lords; here applied to the law generally.

P. 419. Draw that screen, etc. When Lady Teazle later hides behind the screen, she will, of course, expose herself to the "maiden lady of so curious a temper."

P. 424. Sir Peter, etc. Charles's speech is not so heartless as it seems at first sight, for he believes that everyone present has been guilty of dissimulation while he has been acting innocently. The situation is penetrated with a very grim humor on the verge of tragedy, just as Lady Teazle has been on the verge of her own moral destruction.

P. 425. rupees, pagodas. A rupee is equal to two shillings, a pagoda to about seven.

avadavats. The more usual form is "amadavat," an Indian song bird brown in color with white spots. (N. E. D.)

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Indian crackers. Indian fire-crackers tastefully got up with colored paper." (Notes and Queries, 6th Series, II, 199.)

P. 427. thrust in second. "A term in fencing for a thrust, parry, or other movement downward toward the left.'" (Nettleton.)

Montem. "The montem was a triennial ceremony of the boys at Eton, abolished only in 1847. It consisted of a procession to a mound (ad montem) near the Bath road, where they exacted money from those present and from all passersby. The sum collected, sometimes nearly £1,000, went to the captain or senior scholar, and served to pay his expenses at the university." (Matthews.)

P. 430. A. B.'s at the coffee-house. Cf. the modern practice of giving initials in advertisements to be answered by addressing to the care of the newspaper office.

P. 431. sold me judges, etc. Sir Oliver repeats himself from IV, ii.

P. 432. Mr. Colman. George Colman, proprietor of the Haymarket Theatre and writer of plays.

Bayes. The name given to the caricature of Dryden in Buckingham's Rehearsal, a burlesque, like Sheridan's Critic, of extravagant fashions in the drama. Here it is synonymous with dramatist or poet, as in the Epilogue to She Stoops to Conquer.

P. 433. loo. An eighteenth-century card-game.

vole. Winning of all tricks in the game.

Seven's the main. In the game of hazard the main is the number (from

5 to 9) called by the caster before he throws the dice.

hot cockles. A game in which one person lay or knelt down with his eyes covered and on being struck by the others in turn guessed who struck him. Farewell, etc. A parody on Othello's "Farewell," III, iii, 347-357

card drums. Card parties.

spadille. The ace of spades.

pam. The knave of clubs.

basto. The ace of clubs in quadrille and ombre.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHIEF WORKS OF GENERAL REFERENCE

The single volume most useful to the student of the whole period is G. H. Nettleton's English Drama of the Restoration and Eighteenth Century (1642-1780), 1914, with its careful criticism and concise bibliography. The third volume of A. W. Ward's History of English Dramatic Literature to the death of Queen Anne, 1899, particularly chapter IX, will assist the study of the earlier part of the time. The Cambridge History of English Literature, vol. VIII (1912), chapters V, VI, VII, vol. IX (1913), chapter II, and vol. X (1914), chapters II, IV, and IX, discusses nearly all our authors. The stage history of the epoch receives elaborate treatment in Genest's monumental work in ten volumes, Some Account of the English Stage from the Restoration in 1660 to 1830, 1832. Other works of general value are Ashley H. Thorndike's Tragedy, 1908, chapters VIII and IX, and John Palmer's The Comedy of Manners (1664-1720), 1913. Every reader of Restoration Comedy should know Leigh Hunt's Dramatic Works of Wycherley, Congreve, Vanbrugh and Farquhar (1849), a complete edition of the plays, containing memoirs of the dramatists and the famous essays of Lamb and Hazlitt, and should read Macaulay's equally famous review of this edition.

DRYDEN

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The standard edition of the plays is the Scott-Saintsbury, in eight volumes, 1882. Saintsbury has a selection of plays in the Mermaid Series in two volumes containing among others "The Conquest of Granada" and All for Love." Professor George R. Noyes has edited with notes Selected Dramas of John Dryden with The Rehearsal, 1910, which includes both our plays. The most important treatises on the heroic play are Holzhausen's Dryden's Heroisches Drama" in Englische Studien, vols. XIII, XV, XVI, 1889-1892; L. N. Chase's The English Heroic Play, 1903; C. G. Child's The Rise of the Heroic Play" in Modern Language Notes, 1904; J. W. Tupper's "The Relation of the Heroic Play to the Romances of Beaumont and Fletcher" in the Publications of the M. L. A. of America, 1905; Herbert "All for Love" has been W. Hill's "La Calprenède's Romances and the Restoration Drama," University of Nevada Studies, vol. II, no. 3, 1910. included by Furness in his Variorum edition of Shakspere's “Antony and Cleopatra," 1907, pp. 409-472, and has been edited (with "The Spanish Friar") by William Strunk, Jr., in the Belles Lettres Series, 1911, with notes and bibliography. Valuable comment upon this play is found in

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Margaret Sherwood's Dryden's Dramatic Theory and Practice (Yale University Dissertation, 1898), pp. 85-93.

OTWAY

The chief plays of Otway have been edited by Roden Noel in the Mermaid Series, 1888. Annotated editions of "Venice Preserved" are those of Gollancz in the Temple Dramatists, 1898, and of McClumpha (with "The Orphan ") in the Belles Lettres Series, 1908, containing a full bibliography. The student should read the delightful sketch of Otway by Edmund Gosse in his Seventeenth-Century Studies, 1883, and the suggestive comments of Hazlitt, Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth, and of Taine, English Literature, Book III, chapter II.

CONGREVE

The modern editions of Congreve's plays are A. C. Ewald's in the Mermaid Series, 1887, G. S. Street's Comedies of William Congreve, 1895, and William Archer's selections in Masterpieces of the English Drama, 1912. A convenient Life is Edmund Gosse's in the Great Writers Series, 1888. A critical monograph is D. Schmid's "William Congreve, sein Leben und seine Lustspiele" in Wiener Beiträge zur englischen Philologie, 1897. Meredith's Essay on Comedy, 1897, has some brilliant remarks on Congreve's comedy.

FARQUHAR

All of Farquhar's plays are included in A. C. Ewald's Dramatic Works of George Farquhar, 1892. The chief plays have been edited by William Archer in the Mermaid Series, 1906, with an excellent introduction. An annotated edition of "The Beaux' Stratagem" by H. M. Fitzgibbon is found in the Temple Dramatists Series, 1898; and of "The Beaux' Stratagem" (with "A Discourse upon Comedy" and The Recruiting Officer ") by Louis A. Strauss in the Belles Lettres Series, 1914. D. Schmid's "George Farquhar, sein Leben und seine Original-Dramen" in Wiener Beiträge zur englischen Philologie, 1904, is an elaborate study. Miss Guiney has a pleasant essay upon Farquhar in Poet-Lore, VI, 1894, 406-413.

ADDISON

"Cato" appears in the first volume of Hurd's edition of Addison's Works, 1811, and is readily accessible for a dime in Maynard's English Classics Series. Johnson's Life of Addison contains much famous criticism of the play; and the sixth chapter in Courthope's Life (English Men of Letters Series), 1884, is a valuable sketch. Good accounts of the presentation of 'Cato" are those of D. Cook, Once a Week, V, 72 f. and J. F. Molloy, Famous Plays, 1886, pp. 39-70.

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STEELE

The best modern edition of Steele's plays is G. A. Aitken's in the Mermaid Series. Aitken has also a Life in two volumes, 1889. Austin

Dobson has a much shorter Life in the English Writers Series, 1888. Steele's share in the sentimental comedy is dealt with in Osborn Waterhouse's "The Development of English Sentimental Comedy in the Eighteenth Century" in Anglia, vol. XXX, 137-172, 269-305 (1907); and in D. C. Croisant's "Studies in the Work of Colley Cibber" in Humanistic Studies, vol. I, no. 1, Bulletin of the University of Kansas, 1912.

GAY

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Two excellent modern editions of The Beggar's Opera" are the reprints by G. Hamilton Macleod in The King's Library, 1905, and by Gregor Sarrazin, John Gay's Singspiele in Englische Textbibliothek, 1898. Entertainingly discursive is Charles E. Pearce's "Polly Peachum," being the story of Lavinia Fenton (Duchess of Bolton) and "The Beggar's Opera," 1913. Molloy's Famous Plays, 1886, pp. 73-100, discusses particularly the presentation of the play. See also the sketch of Gay by Austin Dobson in The Dictionary of National Biography and John Underhill's introductory memoir to his edition of Gay's Poetical Works, 1893.

FIELDING

Besides the editions of Fielding's complete works by Leslie Stephen in ten volumes, 1882, by George Saintsbury in twelve volumes, 1893, by Edmund Gosse in twelve volumes, and by W. E. Henley in twelve volumes, 1902, there is a critical edition of "Tom Thumb" by Felix Lindner in Englische Textbibliothek, 1899. The best Lives are Austin Dobson's Memoir, 1900, and G. M. Godden's Memoir, 1910.

GOLDSMITH

Among modern editions of Goldsmith's two plays are those of Austin Dobson in the Belles Lettres Series, 1903, with introduction, notes and bibliography, and of T. H. Dickinson in the Riverside Literature Series, 1908, with introduction and notes. Other annotated editions of She Stoops to Conquer" are by J. M. Dent in the Temple Dramatists, 1900, and by G. A. F. M. Chatwin, 1912. Forster's The Life and Times of Oliver Goldsmith, 1848, and all succeeding biographies contain more or less complete accounts of the author's dramatic work. Molloy discusses "She Stoops to Conquer" in his Famous Plays, pp. 129-174.

SHERIDAN

There are numerous editions of Sheridan's plays, of which the most important are Brander Matthews's Sheridan's Comedies, The Rivals and The School for Scandal, 1885, W. Fraser Rae's Sheridan's Plays, 1902, G. H. Nettleton's The Major Dramas of Sheridan, 1906, and J. Q. Adams, Jr.'s The Rivals, 1910. The latest Life is W. Sichel's Sheridan, from new and original material, 1909. Both "The Rivals" and "The School for Scandal " are discussed in Molloy's Famous Plays, pp. 177-218.

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