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him, (as a workman that intends his work, must mind his tools), even our own salvation, and the salvation of all others, as if they were not things wherein he is greatly glorified, for his glory is in righteousness and mercy, and in, and by these, is the salvation of man infallibly advanced, and with these it is inseparably connected.

"Next I would advise you, to set apart more, yea, much more of your time, for humiliation, fasting, and prayer, in such an exigence, when the judgments of God appear to be so near, and so great, so that it be done without sin, for God cannot be glorified by sin; For if my lie bath more abounded to his glory, why am I judged as a sinner?' I was against such as deny nature, and others, their right dues; for he that allows dues to others, allows them to be paid also and we must be like prisoners, who are of great debt, and honest hearts, who know they cannot pay every one their full sums, yet are resolved to give every one some, and to the greatest most, and to the rest accordingly. And as there cannot be a total abstinence from meat, without self-murder, so there cannot be a total denying others their due, such as the benevolence of husband to wife, and a total abstaining from work, without a transgression of God's commandments and laws, which can never be a glorifying of him, which the more impartially they are kept, the more he is glorified. Next, ways are allowed of him, that ye may make yourselves free, so much as in you lies, of all the public defections. whatever may involve you in these, or contribute to their upholding, without either an overpowering force, or an indispensable necessity: for I may buy meat and drink, in necessity, whatever use the seller may make of the money I give for my meat and drink. Next, he allows these particulars of reformation, such as change of the names of days, of weeks, of terms of the year, and such like, warranted by the word, and example of the Christians in scripture, that have been neglected before in our reformation; so that there be not too much religion placed in these things, and other things more weighty, (which, undoubtedly, have more moral rightecusness in them) made little in regard of them but in these good things, Satan will quickly, if it be not already, over-drive you in your progress, and leave you only to hug a spurious birth. But there are other things that ye main. tained, when I spoke with you (and the viper has more since appeared) as truths, and part of God's glory, that are utterly contrary to, and inconsistent with the glory of God. As, first,-laying aside of public preaching; some of them saying no less, than they had no missing of it so that ye thought, 'ye had reigned as kings without us, and would to God ye had reigned.' Your flourishing should have delighted, though we had not been the instruments and means thereof. But alas! this your liberty, that you so much bragged of, would have lasted but a little while, and was among your other beguiles; and was nothing else but Satan stirring you about to giddiness, and raising of fantastic fumes to the tickling of the imagination; but leaving you altogether without renovation of heart, or progress in sanctification. so that I cannot compare this your liberty to any thing else, but to an enchanted fabric, where the poor guests,

only placed in imagination, imagine themselves to be in a pleasant place, and at a royal entertainment; but when God comes, and delusion vanisheth, they will find themselves cast in some remote wilderness, and they left full of astonishment and fears.

"I told you, while I was with you, that the devil was sowing tares among your thin wheat; but I was not long from you, exercised in thoughts about you, but I saw clearly, there was sorcery in the business: and now I tell you, I fear sorcerers also. I know I have spoken this against mine own life, if they get the power they desire; but I am in a defiance of them, and I know also in a defence by him who hath preserved, and I know will preserve me, till my work be finished. But if your liberty that you talked of had been true, it would at least have stayed till it had brought you to other thoughts, other works, and other comforts; and it might have been easily discerned not a true liberty, but a temptation that led you from public preaching, the great ordinance of God's glory, and men's good; as the apostle has that word, Forbidding us to preach to the Gentiles.' But especially to leave public ordinances at this time, when they are the only standards standing, which shows Satan's victory against Christ's kingdom in Scotland not to be complete.

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"Yet, dear friends, when you hear this, let not Satan cast you so far to the other side, (for it is rare to see the most devout souls altogether out from under his delusions and temptations,) as to make you believe, that it is impossible to attain unto any thing of certitude of truth, liberty, manifestations and communion with God, if that which seemed to be so firm, be delusions; but shall Satan have such power to make men believe lies, and shall not God go infinitely beyond him, in making men to see and believe truth? There were many that thought themselves at the height of assurance, when under the greatest temptations, as Psal. lxxiii. 13. Verily I have cleansed my hands in vain.' And yet, they have a greater certainty when they come to see, that there is no such unquietness of spirit under this, as they found in the former. And seeing it is so, rest not till ye attain that assurance of your own interest, and of His main truths, which is both above doubt and defect, that ye may be able to say, Now we believe, and are sure.'

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"But in the next place, you will join with none in public worship, but those who have infallible signs of regeneration: This seems fair, but it is both false and foul; false, because of its false foundation, viz. That the certainty of one's interest in Christ may be known by another; whereas the scripture says, 'That none knows it, but he that has it:' foul also, for this disdain has pride in it, and pride is always foul; and though there be a difference amongst men, and that we should have regard of repentance and brokenness of heart, yet those who have well sought and seen their own filthiness, will judge themselves the persons, of any, that should be thrust out of the assemblies of God's people; and that not only in regard of what they have been, but also in regard of what they daily are. Next, ye would have all to be prayed to eternal wrath, who have departed and made defection

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in this time alas! we need not blow them away, the great part is going fast enough that way; but this, I am sure, is not to give God his glory, but to take from him, and limit him in his freedom and choice, in the greatness of his pardon. It is remarkable, that the angels in their glory to God, joined also with it, good will to men.' Next, ye have rejected the Psalms, with many other things, by a paper come from some of you; and I cannot see upon what account, except it be, because it is man's work, in turning the Psalms out of prose into metre. Then, you must reject all the other Scriptures, because the translation of them is man's work; ye have not yet learned the original languages, ye must betake yourselves altogether to the spirit, and what a spirit will that be, that is not to be tried by the Scriptures! I told some of you, when I last saw you, that ye were too little led by the Scriptures, and too much by your own thoughts and suggestions, which indeed opens a wide door to delusion, and alas! lays yourselves open to Satan's temptations.

"As for the rest, of your denying all your former covenants and declarations; this cannot be from God,—they containing nothing but lawful and necessary duties; and suppose they did not contain and include a complete reformation, yet they did not exclude it; so that, still holding them, we might have passed on to more perfection, and they might be inviolable obligations with us. And next, your cutting off all that were not of your mind, and delivering them up to devils, was not justice and religion,-it being done neither in judgment nor righteousness, upon conviction of their crimes, but in unbridled rage and fury. But these things I cannot fully speak to, now yet there is somewhat that I cannot pass; but must tell you, that I fear there shall remain some of the leaven within, that shall not only spoil an orthodox Protestant, but also a true, tender, and humble Christian, and give us nothing instead of it, but a blown bladder: for I am persuaded, if Satan should have the tutory but a while, he should bring it to this; for it has been his way with some, first to make them saint-like, and afterwards to settle them in atheism;-like a cunning fisher, running a fish upon an angle, who at last casts it on dry ground. God is my witness, my soul loves to see holiness, tenderness, and zeal, in such a generation, where there is nothing but untenderness, unconcernedness, and lukewarmness; and by his grace, I shall ever cherish it. I desire you then, in the bowels of Christ, to retain your zeal; but see well to this, that it be for his glory. Indeed, the more that you are zealous, and the further ye go forward, so that the word of God direct your course, -ye are the more pleasing to God, and shall be the dearer to us. And persuade yourselves, that though I cannot equal or go before; yet it is the sincere desire of my heart to follow such. And my soul wishes you well, though it may be I cannot here point, nor lead

you the way to well-being; yet this I must say, that if I could lead you the way that he has led me, I should let you see eternal life, without these things that I am desiring you to relinquish. Hold truth, glorify God, be zealous to have him glorified: but think not to

desire the condemnation of any man, simply upon that account, that they dare not come and continue where you are; or to put a bar by prayer between them and a return, is a glorifying of God: we glorify him in this kind, when, as he himself desires, we acquiesce in his sentence, when it is past, though we wrestle against it, before it be known to us.

"I cannot bid you go forward in all, but I desire you to go forward in that which is surer and better. And, dear friends, let not the world have that to say, that when ye are become right, ye are become the less zealous; only take the right object, and let your zeal grow. O let not your sufferings be stained with such wildness, and think it not strange that ye have not such liberty in your return, as ye seemed to have before; if ye take the right way, and hold on, ye shall find it, in his time, greater and better, and surer. I shall only add, that there must be an express owning of his truths, whereof ye have been persuaded before now, which now are either denied or doubted, otherwise you will come to nothing of religion, or worse; this will either state your sufferings right, or be a mean to obtain a cleanly liberty from God, in his due time. Grace, mercy, and peace be with you. Amen.

"DONALD CARGILL."*

XII. WALTER SMITH.

[Mr. Smith was a native of St. Ninians, in Stirlingshire. After the usual preliminary education, he went to Holland, and studied divinity under the famous Leusden. Upon his return, he became eminent among the suffering presbyterians, was Clerk to the council of war, and a commanding officer at the battle of Bothwellbridge. After this, he became the constant attendant, as he was the intimate friend, of Mr. Cargill,-in his wanderings over Scotland. He was along with that venerable person, in the neighbourhood of Lanark, when taken; and shared his fate. It does not appear that he was ever licensed as a preacher, though he had this in prospect at the time of his apprehension. He seems to have been highly esteemed, by those who knew him, as a young man of good learning and genuine piety. Being brought before the council upon two several occasions, on the 14th and 19th of July, he was thereafter tried on the 26th, and executed on the 27th of that month. His testimony and last words, follow.]

1. HIS TESTIMONY.

"DEAR Friends and Acquaintances,-As I desire, while in the body, to sympathize somewhat with you in lamenting your various cases, and the case of the church, whereof we are the sons and daughters; so I must lay this request upon you, and leave it with you, that yo

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take some of your time, and set it apart particularly, to solace your souls, in b.essing and magnifying your God and my God, for the lot he hath decreed and chosen out for poor unworthy me, from eternity, in time, and to eternity; in the immediate enjoyment of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, one God, incomprehensible and unchangeable in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth; and that, because he hath made me a man and a Christian. And now, I set to my seal to all his truths, revealed in his word; and particularly these: 1st, That he is one God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. But alas! who can think of him? who can hear of him, or write of him aright? O he is God! he is God! 2dly, That he made man perfect; and though we have destroyed and incapacitated ourselves to do any thing that is right, while out of Christ,-yet we are under the obligation of the whole law, which is the perfect rule of righteousness. 3dly, That my Lord, (yea through free grace, I can say, my Lord Jesus Christ) came to the world to save sinners: and though I cannot say that I have been the greatest of sinners, yet I that he hath covered, pardoned, prevented and hid from the world, sins in me that have been heinous by many aggravations. 4thly, That except a man be born again, he cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven.' My friends, this is the new birth, this is regeneration, that I am speaking of, to which the great part, even of professors, I fear, will be found strangers. 5thly, I set to my seal to the truth of that precious promise, Josh. i. 5. repeated Heb. xiii. 5. For he hath said, I will never leave thee nor forsake thee;' together with all the other promises to that purpose: and I am sure he hath carried me through divers conditions of life, many various and singular difficulties and damping discouragements. But, omitting these things whereof the profane persecutors may as much boast (as to the outward) as any, He hath led me through the several steps of soul exercise, and the pangs of the new birth, unto himself. This, this my friends, is the cognizance and distinguishing character of a saint indeed; and by this, and this only, we pass from death to life.'

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"And as I adhere to the Confession of Faith and work of reformation, (as I shall afterwards speak to)-so particularly, I set to my seal to these truths in the eighteenth chapter thereof, anent the assurance of grace and salvation. Alas! the ignorance of this generation is great! My dear friends, I leave this as my last advice to you, make use of that book which contains the Confession of Faith, Catechisms, Sum of Saving Knowledge, Practical Use of Saving Knowledge Directory for Worship, the Causes of God's Wrath, &c. And let none think this work below them; for, the spiritual enlightening of the mind, which requires the literal with it, is the first work of the Spirit, after we first begin to come to ourselves, or rather to what we were in innocency, and ought to be by grace. But as to this, 1 Lo confidently refer you to Shepard's Sound Believer; which, in my poor apprehension, is the surest ye can meet with. And, 6thly, I set to my seal to the covenant of grace, particularly that clause of it, Isa. lix. 21. As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the Lord, My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put

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