power, and thus relieve the horse in the fills, from a weight which it would be impossible for him to sustain.

THE EBBING AND FLOWING WELL,

reckoned among the curiosities of Derbyshire, lay near the road, and I stopped, half an hour, to see it. When I first alighted, it was boiling violently with much noise; within one minute it began to subside, and, at the end of twelve minutes, it had fallen four or five inches, and was perfectly quiet with a smooth surface.

At this moment a gentleman on horseback, with a servant, was riding by, and, checking his horse, looked at me with an air of curiosity, and inquired whether this was the famous tide's-well? I answered, that I believed it to be so. He dismounted and came to me, and, in the course of three minutes, the water began again to boil, and rise, and very soon regained the same height, and all the violence of motion which I had at first observed. When we left it, the water was again subsiding. The phenomena of this well are most remarkable in damp and rainy weather, such as had prevailed for a day or two.

I had the pleasure of this gentleman's company about six miles, in which distance we passed through the stone village of Chapel on Frith. The country on this road was much pleasanter than that by which I went to Castleton.

Soon after passing this village we came to a hill, where there were lime pits on the summit, and a canal leading to Manchester at the bottom. The lime goes to this town to market, and the coal, which is necessary for burning it into quick lime, is brought to the foot of the hill on the canal. To effect the exchange

they had a very ingenious contrivance. There was a double road from the lime pits on the top, to the canal at the bottom of the hill. By means of ropes, fastened to machinery at the summit, one row of carts, loaded with quick lime, was made to descend, and, at the same time, to draw up another row of carts, moving in a way parallel to the first, and loaded with coal. The coal is discharged at the top of the hill, and the lime at the bottom, and then the coal cart takes a load of lime, and the lime cart a load of coal. The former being made the heavier, now descends, and the latter rises, and thus they move up and down the hill, performing an important service without any other aid than the power of gravity.

My companion proved to be a pleasant man, and contributed not a little to the pleasure of my ride. He discovered a strong disposition to know something of my history, and I was disposed to gratify a kind of curiosity which I found was not peculiar to New-England. Nor had I any reason to regret that I had not adhered to that cautious reserve, which is more safe than amiable, and which, although it may sometimes secure one from imposition, may also prevent him from forming those transient intimacies, which contribute not a little to the enjoyment and instruction of a traveller. I frankly gave my companion all the information which he appeared to desire, and in return he gave me his name and residence, and invited me to share the hospitality of his house in Nottinghamshire, when I should visit those parts.

He seemed much astonished that an American should take so much pains to visit curiosities which he had passed by, for more than thirty years, without once

looking at them, and now wisely determined that he would go and see them.

. He was a warm friend to the American revolution, and a great admirer of Washington.

Our roads soon parted, we shook hands, and I reached Buxton soon after nine o'clock at night.

No. VIII.-BUXTON TO LEICESTER.

Buxton.....Situation....Climate.....Its mineral waters.....Ride to Ashburn....Singular hills....Sudden contrast..... Leicestershire ....Great beauty of the country...Curiosity.... Leicester....Bosworth fields....Richard III.... Singular use made of his coffin.

BUXTON.

May 17.-Buxton is a neat village, situated in a valley in the edge of Derbyshire. It is surrounded by lofty hills and mountains, in some of which are nume. rous lime pits. It was a Roman station, and its cele brated warm springs are believed to have been known to the Romans. It was one of the residences of Mary queen of Scots, during her long imprisonment in England.

The country in which Buxton lies is dreary and barren, except the valleys, which are verdant and beauti ful, and generally have a stream of water running through them. The climate here is rainy and tempestuous, yet Buxton is much resorted to for health by invalids, and still more før amusement by the nobility and gentry, many of whom spend the summer at this and other watering places.

It is a

For their accommodation, the Duke of Devonshire has erected a magnificent crescent of stone. very extensive range of houses and shops, with a grand colonnade and piazza extending along the front, so as to form but one whole, which strikes the eye of a tra veller very forcibly, when descending from the weigh bouring hills. In the crescent is every accommodation which real suffering can need, or the caprice of idleness, health, and affluence demand. There is also a vast appendage of stables, which forms another crescent scarcely less magnificent than the first.

Its

The water hardly deserves to be ranked among mineral springs, because its impregnation is extremely weak. A gallon of it does not contain more than 15 grains of saline matter, most of which is common lime stone; there is also a small portion of plaister of paris, and a still smaller of marine salt. It contains no ga. seous matter except one part in sixty-four of azot. solid contents are therefore such as are commonly found in spring water, and I could not perceive any thing peculiar in its taste. Yet this water is used with great benefit by invalids, especially by rheumatic, dyspeptic, and nephritic patients, and it is probable that its effi. cacy is derived principally from the temperature, at least in cases of external application; for the water is invariably at the temperature of 81° or 82°, and as there is a copious supply, fine baths may be constantly had at Buxton. They are both private and public; some of the latter are magnificent and sufficiently large to swim in. The Buxton waters can hardly be deno. minated hot; they are rather tepid.

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Dr. Saunders (Treatise on mineral waters, p. 141,) remarks: As the temperature of 82° is several degrees below that of the human body there is a slight

shock of cold felt on the first immersion into this bath, but this is almost immediately succeeded by a highly soothing and pleasurable glow over the whole body, which persons often express to be as if the skin was anointed with warm eream, and is entirely the effect of temperature combined with that of simple moisture."

He informs us also that the term Buxton Bath, has now become generic, being used as a general expres-sion for tepid baths.

At nine o'clock in the morning, I resumed my seat in the stage, and proceeded to Ashborn, where our party dined. Our route, for the first twelve miles, lay through a country as dreary and barren as I have ever beheld. Bleak sterile hills, destitute of verdure, and, excepting a few recent plantations, without a tree or a shrub, attended us continually. Many of these hills were lofty, and might properly be denominated mountains. They were extensively covered with a dark brown furze, which gave them an appearance as desolate as if they had been swept by the blasts of a polar winter, and arid as though they had been scorched by the lightning of heaven. But just before we reached Ashborn, the scene was completely reversed. As we descended into the charming vale through which flows the river Dove, on whose banks Ashborn stands, we were gratified with an exhibition of extensive meadows, and all the beauty, which clear streams, green grass, and exuberant foliage, could bestow.

The same scenery continued to Derby, which is 33 miles from Buxton. The town was full of soldiers, and not a bed could be procured at the public-houses. I was therefore compelled to abandon the design which