Mind, Brain, and Adaptation in the Nineteenth Century: Cerebral Localization and Its Biological Context from Gall to FerrierOxford University Press, 1990 - 278 pages This is a reissue of a book published by the Clarendon Press in 1970 with a new introduction to take account of recent developments in the history of 19th century neuroscience. The author examines ideas of the nature and localization of the functions of the brain in the light of the philosophical constraints at work in the sciences of mind and brain in the 19th century. Particular attention is paid to phrenology, sensory--motor physiology, associationist psychology, and the theory of evolution as applied to the study of psychology. The author argues that the methods and assumptions of modern science achieved apparent success in this domain at the expense of the biological approach which justified the integration of formerly disparate traditions. The method of historical case study is used to illuminate the assumptions of current research. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
OBSERVATION versus EXPERIMENT | 9 |
How are the functions localized? | 23 |
EXPERIMENTAL SENSORYMOTOR PHYSIOLOGY | 54 |
Problems and main results | 63 |
Flourens assumptions | 70 |
The functional division of the spinal nerve roots | 78 |
Johannes Muellers Handbuch | 88 |
PIERRE PAUL BROCA AND THE SEAT OF | 134 |
PHRENOLOGY EVOLUTION | 150 |
from faculties to the association of ideas | 162 |
The writing of the Principles of Psychology in terms of evolutionary adaptation | 169 |
Implications of evolutionary associationism for traditional issues | 180 |
The mechanism of evolution | 186 |
SPENCER JACKSON CARPENTER AND | 197 |
FRITSCH AND HITZIG AND THE LOCALIZED | 224 |
The association psychology | 94 |
TRANSITION FROM INTRO | 101 |
Synthesis of associations and sensorymotor physiology | 114 |
Bain on phrenology and the study of character | 121 |
Ontological dualism and interaction in Fritsch and Hitzig | 232 |
Ferriers conception of the functions of the brain | 240 |
Gall and Ferrier | 246 |
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Common terms and phrases
ablation adaptation analysis anatomical animals aphasia argued aspect association psychology associationism associationist assumptions attempt Bain Bain's basis behaviour Bell-Magendie biological Bouillaud brain Broca Carpenter centres century cerebellum cerebral hemispheres cerebral localization cerebrum character clinical concept of cerebral context convolutions corpora striata corpus striatum correlation cortex cortical cranial prominences Darwin David Ferrier discovery doctrine edition emotions evidence evolutionary evolutionary psychology excitability experimental method experiments explain fact faculty psychology Ferrier findings Flourens Franz Joseph Gall Fritsch and Hitzig functional psychology functions fundamental Gall Gall's human Ibid ideas important individual innate instinct intellectual investigations issue J. S. Mill Jackson lesion lobes Magendie memory mental Mill Mill's mind modern motion movements Mueller muscular nature nerves nervous system observations organ phenomena philosophical phrenology physiology principle propensities psychophysiology relations role says scientific seat sensation sense sensory-motor physiology Spencer spinal Spurzheim structure thalami tion volition