ARTICLE 5.

Syud Mahomed Bar makes over the Island called Aubad near Zaila to the English Government for the harbour of their ships and vessels without any prohibition whatever.

We, Syud Mahomed Bar, Governor of Zaila, and Captain Robert Moresby of the Indian Navy, on the part of the English Government of India, do ratify and agree to keep faithfully the above Articles that peace and friendship may be lasting between us: In witness whereof we have set our names and seals.

MOKHA,

10. }

The 3rd September 1840.

(Sd.) R. MORESBY, Captain,

Commanding H. C's Steam Frigate "Sesostris."

No. LXXIX.

ARTICLES of FRIENDSHIP and COMMERCE made between J. J. GORDON BREMER, Esq., C.B., CAPTAIN of HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S SHIP Tamar, representing the ENGLISH NATION in NORTHERN AFRICA, and the SHEIKS of the TRIBE of HABR OWUL.

ARTICLE 1.

It is agreed that from henceforth there shall be peace and friendship between the subjects of His Majesty the King of England and the Sheikhs of the Habr Owul tribe and their men, and all other inhabitants of the coast of Africa over which they have authority and influence.

ARTICLE 2.

It is agreed that any vessels bearing the English flag which may come to the port of Berbera, (or any other port under the authority of the Sheikhs of the Habr Owul tribe,) for the purpose of trade shall not be molested or injured, but shall receive every protection and support from the said Sheiks, that they shall be at liberty to enter into any trade they may think fit to choose, and that they shall be at liberty to depart from the said port at their pleasure without impediment, injury, or molestation.

ARTICLE 3.

It is agreed that in like manner any vessels or persons belonging to the said Sheiks of Habr Owul tribe which shall come into any port belonging to His Majesty the King of England shall receive protection and support, and be treated in all respects the same as other vessels or persons trading to those ports.

ARTICLE 4.

It is agreed that as an equivalent for the value of the British Brig Marianne and her cargo, which was plundered in the port of Berbera, there shall be paid by the said Sheiks of the Habr Owul tribe to the said Captain J. J. Gordon Bremer, C.B., or to some person duly authorized by him to receive it, the sum of fifteen thousand Spanish Dollars, or produce to the same amount, in three equal payments, that is to say, five thousand Dollars, or produce to that amount, this year 1827 and of the Hegira 1242, and the same sum in each of the two following years, that is to say, on or before the conclusion of the trading season in the month of April, or two hundredth day of the Nowroz.

ARTICLE 5.

Two Lascars belonging to the British Brig Marianne having been killed when the said vessel was plundered and destroyed, the Sheiks of the Habr Owul tribe do hereby agree to pay the sum of

Dollars for the support of the families of the murdered men, according to the Mahomedan law in such cases.

Confirmed and sealed at Berbera, in Africa, on the 6th day of February in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1827 and of the Hegira 242, the 19th day of the moon Rujub.

(Signed) by Ismail Gella for himself, and Omar Kadim Hussin Ban and Ismail Goled, Sheiks of Habr Owul tribe.

Approved by the Bombay Government on 10th May 1827.

No. LXXX.

ARTICLES OF PEACE and FRIENDSHIP concluded between the HABR OWUL TRIBE of SOMALEES on the one part, and BRIGADIER WILLIAM MARCUS COGHLAN, POLITICAL RESIDENT at ADEN, on behalf of the HONOURABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY, on the other.

Whereas on the 19th of April 1855, corresponding with the 1st of Shaban 1271, a treacherous attack and murder was perpetrated at the port of Berbera by a party of the Habr Owul tribe upon a party of British Officers

about to travel in that country, with the consent and under the protection of the elders of the tribe, in consequence of which outrage certain demands were made by the Government of India and enforced by a blockade of the Habr Owul coast, and whereas it has become apparent that the said tribe has fulfilled those conditions to the utmost of its ability and has prayed to be relieved from the blockade: Therefore it is agreed

ARTICLE 1.

That the elders of the Habr Owul will use their best endeavours to deliver up Ou Ali, the murderer of Lieutenant Stroyan.

ARTICLE 2.

That until this be accomplished, the sub-tribe Esa Moosa, which now shelters, and any other tribe which may hereafter shelter, harbour, or protect him, the said Ou Ali shall be debarred from coming to Aden.

ARTICLE 3.

That all vessels sailing under the British flag shall have free permission to trade at the port of Berbera, or at any other place in the territories of the Harbr Owul, and that all British subjects shall enjoy perfect safety in every part of the said territories, and shall be permitted to trade or travel there under the protection of the elders of the tribe. In like manner shall the members of the Habr Owul tribe enjoy similar privileges at Aden or any other part of the British possessions.

ARTICLE 4.

The traffic in slaves throughout the Habr Owul territories, including the port of Berbera, shall cease for ever, and any slave or slaves who, contrary to this engagement, shall be introduced into the said territories shall be delivered up to the British, and the Commander of any vessel of Her Majesty's or the Honourable East India Company's Navy shall have the power of demanding the surrender of such slave or slaves, and of supporting the demand by force of arms if necessary.

ARTICLE 5.

The Political Resident at Aden shall have the power to send an Agent to reside at Berbera during the season of the fair, should he deem such a course necessary, to see that the provisions of this Agreement are observed, and such Agent shall be treated with the respect and consideration due to the representative of the British Government.

ARTICLE 6.

That on a solemn promise being given by the elders of the Habr Owul faithfully to abide by the Articles of this Agreement and to cause

the rest of the tribe to do so likewise, and to deliver up to the Political Resident at Aden any party who may violate it, the blockade of the Habr Owul coast shall be raised, and perpetual friendship shall exist between the British and the Habr Owul.

Done at Berbera this seventh day of November one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six of the Christian era, corresponding with the eighth day of Rubeeool-Awul one thousand two hundred and seventy-two of the Hegira.

Signed in my presence at Berbera on the 7th November 1856.

Ratified by the Right Honourable the Governor General in Council, at Fort William, this twenty-third day of January 1857.

No. LXXXI.

ENGAGEMENT concluded between LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. L. Merewether, c.b., PoliTICAL RESIDENT, ADEN, and SULTAN MAHMOOD BIN YOOSOOF, CHIEF of the MEJERTEYN TRIBE of SOMALIS and ELDERS of the said tribe.

Influenced by motives of humanity and by a desire to conform to the principles on which the great English Government is conducted, we lend a willing ear to the proposals of our friend, Lieutenant-Colonel William Lockyer Merewether, C.B., Political Resident at Aden, that we should covenant with him and each other to abolish and prohibit the exportation of slaves from any one part of Africa to any other place in Africa or Asia or elsewhere under our authority. We whose names and seals are set to this bond, as therefore in the sight of God and of men, solemnly proclaim our intention to prohibit the exportation of slaves from Africa by every means in our power: we will export none ourselves, nor permit our subjects to do so, and any vessel found carrying slaves shall be seized and confiscated and the slaves shall be released. Signed this twentieth day of February one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six (4th of the month Shawal 1282) at Bunder Mareea.

Approved and confirmed by His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor General in Council, the 16th May 1866.