Jahn's Biblical Archaeology

Johann Jahn

Gould, Newman and Saxton, 1839 - 573 pages

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Table of Contents

Index

Biblical Archaeology 2 Its importance to a Theologian	1

The sources of Biblical Archaeology PART	2

ON DOMESTIC ANTIQUITIES 4 Biblical Geography 5 Aramea	5

Phenicia 7 Media 8 Persia Susiana Elymais	7

Babylonia Chaldea	8

Arabia	10

Egypt	11

Gessen or Goshen and the river of Egypt	12

Condition of the Hebrews as respected other Nations	254

Principal Officers in the Hebrew State	256

Connection of the Tribes with each other	258

The Comitia or Legislative Assemblies	259

Form of Government a mixed	261

The Ruler of the Israelitish Community	263

The Theocracy 222 Historical Tables CHAP II	264

Of the unknown Murderer	265

Extent and boundaries of the Hebrew terri tories	13

Face of the country	14

Plains	15

Forests	16

Deserts	17

The Jordan Lake Merom and Gennesareth	18

The Dead	19

Other Rivers	20

On the climate of Palestine	22

Fertility of the soil	24

Calamities to which Palestine is subject	26

Division of Palestine among the Israelites	28

Division of Palestine in the time of Christ	30

Section	31

OF DWELLINGS 26 The earliest shelters were shady trees and caves 27 The more recent Troglodytes or dwellers in caves 28 Tabernacles 29 On Ten...	32

Size of Houses	33

Form and roof of Houses	34

The Gate Porch Area or open court female	35

apartments	38

Chambers and other Apartments	39

Doors and methods of securing them	41

Windows 39 Materials for building	42

Household furniture and utensils	44

Villages Towns Cities	46

OF THE NOMADES	48

Antiquity etc of the Nomades 43 Of Pastures 44 Emigrations of the Nomades	50

Fountains and cisterns	51

Flocks of the Nomades	53

Animals of the Ox kind	54

Of Asses and Mules Section 49 Camels	57

Horses	59

Dogs	60

Of Hunting	61

Of robberies committed on Travellers	62

ON AGRICULTURE 54 Its value and importance	63

Laws of Moses in regard to Agriculture	64

Estimation in which Agriculture was held 57 Means of increasing Fertility	65

Different kinds of Grain	66

Instruments of Agriculture	67

Animals used in Agriculture	68

Preparation of the Land	69

Harvest	70

Threshing Floor	71

Threshing	72

Ventilation	73

Of Vines and Vineyards	74

Situation and arrangement of Vineyards	75

Culture of Vineyards	76

Vintage and Winepress	77

Gardens	78

Of OliveTrees	79

The FigTree	80

The Pomegranate	81

The Balsam	82

The Palm	83

Terebinths and Pistacias	84

Bees and Honey	85

Fishing 79 The fallow Year	86

OF THE ARTS 80 On the Origin of the Arts 81 State of the Arts from the Deluge till Moses	87

The Arts among the Hebrews in the time of Moses 83 Arts among the Hebrews in Palestine	88

State of the Arts after the Captivity	89

Antiquity of the Art of Writing	90

The extension of Alphabetical Writing	92

Materials and Instruments of Writing	93

Respecting Books	95

Of Epistles 90 On Poetry	96

Character of the Hebrew Poetry	97

On Music 93 Uses of Music among the Hebrews	99

Stringed Instruments	100

Wind Instruments	101

Different sorts of Drums	102

On Dancing	104

ON THE SCIENCES 98 The origin of the Sciences	105

History Genealogy and Chronology	106

Arithmetic Mathematics Astronomy and Astrology	107

Of Weeks	110

Of the Months and the Year CONTENTS	111

Surveying Mechanic Arts and Geography	113

Medicine	114

Physics Natural History and Philosophy	116

Note Academical Degree CHAP VII	118

OF COMMERCE 107 Antiquity of Commerce Section 158 Concerning Adultery 159 The Suspected Wife 160 Bill of Divorce 161 ChildBirth 162 C...	119

Mercantile Routes	120

Method of carrying goods by land	121

Commerce of the Hebrews	122

Weights and Measures 113 Measures of length	123

Hollow Measures	125

Weights and Money	126

Weights and Money before the Captivity	127

Weights and Money after the Captivity CHAP VIII	128

ON CLOTHING 118 Materials of which clothes were made	132

Colors of Cloths	133

The Tunic	134

The Girdle	135

Of Upper Garments	136

Sandals and Shoes	138

Of the Beard 125 Of the Hair	139

Coverings for the Head	140

Of the Veil	141

Staff Seal and Rings	142

Ladies Rings and Pendants 130 Necklaces Bracelets	143

Amulets 132 Mirrors 133 Purse and Napkins	144

Painting and Branding or Sealing 135 Dress at Festivals and on occasions of Mourning	145

CONCERNING FOOD AND FEASTS 136 Of Food in general 137 Preparation of Food by Fire	147

Of Mills	148

Grinding 140 Baking bread in an oven	149

On the different kinds of Food	151

Of Roasting	152

Interdicted Food	153

Beverage	154

Time and circumstances of taking Refresh ment	155

Table and method of Sitting	156

Mode of Eating 148 Of Feasts	157

Hospitality of the Orientals CHAP X	159

ON THE STATE OF DOMESTIC SOCIETY 150 Precautions against Fornication	160

Polygamy	161

The choice of a Wife	162

The Mariage Vow and Dowry 154 Celebration of Nuptials	164

Concubines	165

Fruitfulness in the Marriage State 157 Marriage of a Childless Brothers Widow	166

Condition of slaves among the Hebrews	180

Condition of slaves among other Nations	183

CHARACTER AND SOCIAL INTERCOURSE OF THE HEBREWS 173 Character of the Hebrews	185

Propriety and refinement of Manners	187

Mode of Salutation	188

On Visiting	190

Of Gifts	191

Kinds of presents and methods of bringing them	192

Public Honors	193

Conversation and Bathing	194

Treatment of the Jews to Strangers	196

The Poor and Beggars	197

Levitical Defilements	198

OF DISEASES 184 Of Diseases generally	200

Disease of the Philistines mentioned in 1	201

Disease of King Jehoram	202

False Conceptions 188 Countries where the Leprosy prevails	203

Beginnings and progress of Leprosy	204

On Bohak as distinct from infec tions Leprosy	206

On the Leprosy of Guadaloupe	207

On the Pestilence	209

The disease of Saul and Nebuchadnezzar	212

Respecting Demoniacs 193 Demoniacs were possessed with a devil	214

General view of the opposite argument	217

Symptoms in Demoniacs the same with those in diseased persons	218

The Apostles Evangelists and Christ re garded Demoniacs as diseased persons	222

Real possessions inconsistent with the doc trine of Jesus and his Apostles	228

Pool near the Sheep Market at Jerusalem	230

Concerning Paralytics 200 The death of Judas Iscariot 201 Blindness of the sorcerer BarJesus 202 Disease of Herod Agrippa	233

On Death CHAP XIII	234

Treatment of the Corpse Embalming	236

Of Funerals	238

Situation of Sepulchres	239

Sepulchres Note I Maundrell on the Sepulchres of the Kings	241

Harmer on the Whitewashing	242

of Sepulchres	243

Articles which were buried with the dead 209 Sepulchral Monuments	244

Burning of the Corpse	245

Of Mourning	246

Other causes of Mourning	248

PART II	249

ON THE HEBREW COMMONWEALTH 213 Patriarchal Government	251

The Fundamental Law of the Mosaic In stitutions	252

General View of Military Science	266

General Military Enrolment	267

Of the Levy for Actual Service	268

Divisions etc introduced into Armies	269

Military Reviews and Inspections	270

Of Shields	271

The Helmet	272

Cuirass Breastplate or Coat of Mail	273

Greaves and Military Frock	274

On Fortifications	275

Arms with which the soldiers fought hand to band	276

Of Javelins	277

Of the Bow Arrow and Quiver	278

Veneration paid to Kings and Titles which were bestowed upon them	282

The duties of the Hebrew Monarchs	284

Extent of the Royal power and preroga tives	285

Methods of promulgating Laws	286

On the Royal Revenues	287

Magistrates under the Monarchy	289

Officers of the Palace	290

The Kings Harem	292

The method in which the Officers and oth ers held intercourse with the King	293

Magistrates during and after the Cap tivity	294

Tetrarchs	295

241 Roman Procurators	296

Of the Tribute and Half Shekel of the Temple	297

OF TRIALS AND PUNISHMENTS 243 Of Judges	299

Other Tribunals in the time of Christ	303

The time of Trials 247 The Forum or place of Trials	304

Form of Trial	305

Prisons and Tortures	307

Regulations etc in respect to Debtors	309

On Usury	310

The smallest Punishment	311

Fines and Indemnifications	312

Punishment of Theft	313

Corporal Punishments	314

On Retaliation	315

Mosaic Punishments	316

Excision from the people Excommunica tion	318

Of punishments which consist of Posthu mous insults	319

Punishments introduced from other Na tions	320

Of Engines used in war 281 Battering Rams	343

Respecting the Cavalry 283 Of Chariots of	344

Sports and Exercises preparatory to War 285 Gymnastic Sports	345

Of Encampments	349

On Military Marches	350

Respecting War 288 Military Standards	351

Preparations for Battle	353

Of the Battle	354

On Sieges 293 Circumvallation	356

The Besiegers Mound	357

Consequences of Victory	359

Severities of ancient warfare	360

Justice of the war against the Canaanites	361

Note Right of the Israelites to Palestine	363

On the division of the Spoils	370

Respecting the Spoils which the Hebrews took away from the Egyptians	372

Periods when there was a cessation from hostilities	373

PART III	375

HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE RELIGION OF THE BIBLE 301 Religion down to the Deluge	377

from the Deluge to Abraham	378

Abraham Isaac and Jacob	379

Respecting the religion of the Patriarchs	380

Respecting Moses	381

On the question Whether Moses taught the existence of a merely national God?	382

On the question Whether the character of Jehovah as represented by Moses is merely that of a being inexorably just?	383

Respecting the regulations which were made in order to preserve the true	384

On the moral tendency of the instructions	386

and institutions of Moses	387

On the question Whether there are Types in the Laws of Moses	390

Sketch of Religion from Moses till after the Babylonish Captivity	391

Perseverance of the Hebrews in their Reli gion after the Captivity	393

Respecting the knowledge of God before the time of Christ as developed by Philosophy	395

On the Condition of Man after Death	396

Respecting the Propagation of Judaism	398

General state of Jewish affairs 317 On the Antiquity of the Jewish Religious sects	400

On the doctrine of the Pharisees	402

Defects in the moral principles and practice of the Pharisees	404

On the traditions of the Pharisees	405

Galileans and Zealots	407

Respecting the Sadducees	408

Essenes and Therapeutae	410

Concerning the Hellenists	411

Concerning Proselytes	412

Concerning the Samaritans	414

OF SACRED PLACES 327 Of Sacred Places in general	417

Of the Tabernacle	418

The Altar and the Brazen Laver 330 The Golden Candlestick	420

Of the Table of ShewBread	421

The Altar of Incense 333 Ark of the Covenant in the Holy of Holies	422

Respecting the Holy Land	423

Of Jerusalem the Holy City	424

Mount Moriah	425

Of the Temple of Solomon	427

The Sanctuary of Solomons Temple	428

Of the Temple of Zerubbabel	430

Of the Temple of Herod	431

Of the gates of Herods Temple	432

Porches in the Temple of Herod	433

Of the Sanctuary	435

Origin of Synagogues	436

OF SACRED SEASONS 346 On the Antiquity of the Sabbath	438

On the design of the Sabbath	440

Concerning those things which were to be omitted on the Sabbath	441

Concerning those things which were per mitted to be done on the Sabbath	443

Concerning the Sabbatic Year 351 Of the Year of Jubilee	444

New Moons and Feast of the New Year	446

Of the Festivals in general 354 Of the Passover	448

Of the Pentecost 356 Of the Feast of Tabernacles	450

On the Day of Propitiation 358 Of other Fasts	454

Of the Feast of Purim 360 On the Festival Encaenia otherwise called the Festival of the Purification of the Temple CHAP IV	455

OF SACRED PERSONS 361 Of the Jews considered as a holy people	456

Of persons officially employed in discharg ing religious duties	457

Of the servants who were allotted to the sanctuary	458

Of the Consecration of the Levites 365 Of the Duties of the Levites 366 Of the Priests	459

The Consecration of the Priests and of the HighPriest	462

Concerning the Dress of the Priests	463

Of the Duties of the Priests 370 Dress of the HighPriest	465

Some account of Urim and Thummim	466

Note Remarks of Michaelis on Urim and Thummim	467

On the question Whether Priests and Le vites were Public Teachers?	468

Officers in the Synagogues	470

OF SACRED THINGS 373 On the question What is a sacrifice 374 On the Origin of Sacrifices	472

On the division or kinds of Sacrifices	474

The place of Sacrifices	475

Of Bloody Sacrifices	476

Ceremonies at the offering of Sacrifices	477

Of Holocausts or whole Burntofferings	480

Of SinOfferings	481

Of TrespassOfferings	482

Peace and Thankofferings 383 Of CovenantSacrifices	483

On the meaning of Sacrifices	485

Of Bloodless Sacrifices	487

Of the Purification of the Unclean	488

Of the Red Heifer 387 Purification of Leprous Persons	489

Of the FirstBorn	490

Of the FirstFruits	491

Of Tythes	492

Of the Sacred	493

Of Oaths	494

Of Vows	496

Of Affirmative Vows Of the Vow called Cherem	497

Of Negative Vows the Nazarite	498

Of Prayers	499

Of the Worship in the Synagogues	501

The language in which the service was performed in the Synagogues 399 Mode of worship practised by the Apostles	503

CONCERNING IDOLATRY 400 Of Idol Deities	505

Altars Statues Temples Groves	508

Sacrifices Prayers Festivals Purifications Mysteries	510

Of Divinations	513

State of Idolatry in the time of Christ	515

Of Images made for sacred purposes	517

Of the Host or Army of Heaven	518

Of the Sun and the god Baal	519

Of other Baals or Baalim	521

Of Astarte Ashtaroth or the Moon as an object of worship	524

Of Tammuz and Adonis	525

Moloc Molec Malcom Milcom	526

Of Chiun and Remphan 413 Of Teraphim	528

Of Dagon	529

Of other Deities	531

Common terms and phrases

accordingly Amos ancient animals apostles appear Arabia Arabic Bible body called Canaanites captivity chariots Christ Chron circumcision cloth common commonly comp consequence custom dead death demoniacs demons denominated Deut disease East Egypt Egyptians ephah erected esteemed exhibited Exod expressions Ezek father feast feet festival frequently garment Greek Hebrews Hence Herod Agrippa inhabitants instances instrument Israelites Jerusalem Jesus Jewish Jews John Jordan Josephus Josh Judah Judg kind king law of Moses leprosy likewise Luke Mark Matt means mentioned merely mode Mosaic law Moses mountains nations Nomades occasion orientals origin Palestine period Persian person Pliny possessed present day priests prophets Prov punishment rendered respect Roman ruler Sanhedrin Saviour Scriptures sepulchres servants shekel slaves soldiers sometimes sort spirit stones Strabo suppose Syria tabernacle Talmud Testament tion tree tribe tribe of Manasseh unclean vines word Zech

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Bibliographic information

Pealkiri	Jahn's Biblical Archaeology
Autor	Johann Jahn
Translated by	Thomas Cogswell Upham
Edition	4
Publisher	Gould, Newman and Saxton, 1839
Original from	Harvard University
Digitized	31 jaan. 2008
Length	573 pages

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