fume, and he will thence learn what is the difpofition of mind. Not that phyfiognomy is therefore an easy science. On the contrary, this rather fhews how much ability, imagination, and genius, are neceffary to the phyfiognomift. Attention must not only be paid to what is vifible, but what would be vifible under various other circumftances."

Excellent; and I add, that as a phyfician can prefage what alteration of colour, appearance, or form fhall be the confequence of a known disease, of the existence of which he is certain, so can the accurate phyfiognomist what appearances or expreffions are eafy or difficult to each kind of muscle, and form of forehead, what action is or is not permitted, and what wrinkles may or may not take place, under any given circumstances.

9.

"When a learner draws a countenance, we shall commonly find it is foolifh, and never malicious, fatirical, and the like. May not the effence of a foolish countenance hence be abftracted? Certainly; or what is the cause of this appearance? The learner is incapable of preferving proportion, and the ftrokes are unconnected. What is the ftupid countenance? It is one, the parts of which are defectively connected, and the muscles improperly formed and arranged. Thought and fenfation, therefore, of which thefe are the infeparable inftruments, muft be alike feeble and dormant.

10.

"Exclufive of the muscles; there is another substance in the body, that is to fay, the scull, or bones in general, to which the phyfiognomift attends. The pofition of the muscles depends on these. How

might the muscle of the forehead have the pofition proper for thought, if the forehead bones, over which it is extended, had not the neceflary arch and fuperficies? The figure, of the fcull, therefore, defines the figure and pofition of the muscles, which define thought and fenfation..

11.

"The fame may be observed of the hair from the parts and pofition of which conclufions may be drawn. Why has the negro woolly hair? The thickness of the fkin prevents the efcape of certain of the particles of perspiration, and these render the fkin opaque and black. Hence the hair fhoots with difficulty, and scarcely has it penetrated before it curls, and its growth ceases. The hair spreads according to the form of the fcull and the pofition of the muscles, and gives occafion to the phyfiognomift to draw conclufions from the hair to the pofition of the muscles, and to deduce other coufequences."

In my opinion our author is certainly in the right road. He is the first who, to my knowledge, has perceived and felt the totality, the combination, the uniformity, of the various parts of the human body. What he has affirmed, especially concerning the hair, that we may from that make deductions concerning the nature of the body, and still farther of the mind, the leaft accurate obferver may convince himself is truth, by daily experience. White, tender, clear, weak hair, always denotes weak, delicate, irritable, or rather a timid and calily oppreffed organization. The black and curly will never be found on the delicate, tender, medullary head.

As is the hair, fo the mufcles, as the mufcles, fo the nerves, as the nerves, fo the bones; their powers K 6

are

are mutual, and the powers of the mind to act, fuffer, receive, and give, proportionate. Leaft irritability always accompanies fhort, hard, curly, black hair, and the moft the flaxen and the tender; that is to fay, irritability without elafticity. The one is oppreffive without elafticity, and the other oppreffed without resistance.

"Much hair, much fat, therefore no part of the human body is more confpicuously covered with hair than the head and armpits. From the elasticity of the hair, deductions may with certainty be made to the elafticity of the character. The hair naturally betokens moisture, and may properly determine the quantity of moisture. The inhabitants of cold countries have hair more white, and, on the contrary, thofe of hot countries, black. Lional Wafer obferves, that the inhabitants of the ifthmus of Darien have milk-white hair. Few, if any, have green hair, except thofe who work in copper mines. We feldom find white hair betokening dishonesty, but often dark brown or black, with light-coloured eyebrows. Women have longer hair than men. Men with long hair are always rather effeminate than manly. Dark hair is harfher than light, as is the hair of a man than that of a boy.

12.

"As all depends on the quality of the muscles, it is evident, that in these muscles, which are employed for certain modes of thought and fenfation, ought to be fought the expreffion of fimilar thoughts and fenfations.'

Let not the search be neglected, though probably it will be difficult to find them; and they certainly will there be defined with greater difficulty than in the forehead.

"The

13.

«The muscle of the forehead; is the moft important inftrument to the abstract thinker, for which reason we always feek for abstract thought in the forehead."

Rather near and between the eyebrows. It is of confequence to remark the particular moment when the thinker is liftening, or when he is preparing fome acute answer. Seize the moment, and another of the important tokens of phyfiognomy is obtained.

14.

"Among people who do not abstract, and whofe powers of mind are all in action, men of wit, exquifite tafte, and genius, all the muscles must be advantageously formed and arranged. Expreffion, therefore, in fuch, must be fought in the whole countenance."

Yet may it be found in the forehead alone, which is lefs fharp, ftraight-lined, perpendicular, and forked. The fkin is lefs rigid, more eafily moved, mere flexible.

15.

"How great has been the trouble to convince people, that phyfiognomy is only generally useful!"

It is at this very moment difputed by men of the ftrongest minds. How long fhall it continue fo to be? Yet I fhould fuppofe, that he who curfes the fun, while expofed to its fcorching rays, would, when in the fhade, acknowledge its univerfal utility.

"How afflicting is it to hear, from perfons of the greatest learning, and who might be expected to

en

enlarge the boundaries of human understanding, the moft fuperficial judgments? How much is that great æra to be wished, when the knowledge of man fhall become a part of natural history; when pfychology, phyfiology, and phyfiognomy, fhall go hand in hand, and lead us towards the confines of more general, ore fublime illumination?”

CHA P. XXXVII.

Extracts from Maximus Tyrius.

SINCE the foul of man is the nearest approach to the Deity, it was not proper that God should cloth that which moft refembled himself in difhonourable garments; but with a body befitting an immortal mind, and endowed with a proper capability of motion. This is the only body on earth that ftands erect. It is magnificent, fuperb, and formed according to the best proportion of its most delicate parts. Its ftature is not terrific, nor is its strength formidable. The coldness of its juices occafions it not to creep, nor their heat to fly. Man eats not raw flesh, from the favagenefs of his nature, nor does he graze like the ox; but he is framed and adapted for the executions of his functions. To the wicked he is formidable; mild and friendly to the good. By nature he walks the earth, fwims by art, and flies by imagination. He tills the earth, and enjoys its fruits. His complexion is beautiful, his limbs firm, his countenance is comely, and beard

ornament