Spanish North America.

The Spanish dominions in this division of America are, Florida, California, Old Mexico, and New Mexico. These are extremely fertile, and the valleys especially, produce almost all kinds of fruits. Mexico is the capital.

British North American Dominions.

These are, Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, producing corn, timber, and furs; the islands of Breton, Newfoundland, famous for their fisheries; and the Bermudas or Summer islands.

Independent North America.

Independent North America consists of Greenland, Labrador, the regions about Hudson's Bay, and some other interior countries, besides those on the western coast. The inhabitants of these are strangers to civilization.

South America.

The chief divisions of South America are, Terra Firma, Peru, Paraguay, Chili, Brazil, Amazonia, Guiana, and the Magellan islands.

Spanish South America.

The parts of South America which belong to the Spaniards are the finest and richest of the whole, and indeed in the whole world, comprehending Terra Firma, divided into several governments; Peru, the ancient empire of the Incas; Paraguay, Chili, and the Magellan islands, dependent on the latter. These provinces produce gold and silver, jewels, gums, drugs, and the choicest fruits.

Portuguese South America.

The part of South America subject to Portugal is the Brazils, to which the Portuguese court has removed, since the mother country has been exposed to French invasion. The Brazils are rich in mines of gold, silver, and diamonds, and are well situated for commerce with all parts of the world.

French and Dutch South America.

They divide Guiana between them. The soil is rich, but the climate is unwholesome.

Independent South America.

The parts of South America still independent are, Amazonia, or the country on the river of the Amazons, and Patagonia, a desolate country near the southern extremity of America, where men have been seen of a gigantic size.

American Islands.

There are many islands belonging to this quarter of the globe; but those in what is called the West Indies are the most important; and these almost exclusively belong to Great Britain and Spain. The principal West India islands are Porto Rico and Cuba, belonging to Spain; St. Domingo, partly belonging to Spain, and partly the seat of the black empire, named Hayti; and Jamaica, belonging to England. Of the Caribbee islands, England likewise possesses Barbadoes, Antigua, St. Christopher's, St. Vincent's, Dominica, Grenada, Trinidad, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Lucia, Tobago, and the Virgin isles, besides Martinico and Guadaloupe, lately taken from the French. The Danes owned St. Croix and St. Thomas; and the Dutch Eustatia, but those too have fallen under the power of the lords of the ocean. There are also several other islands contiguous to different parts of the continent of America, such as the Falkland islands, Terra del Fuego, Chiloe, and Juan Fernandez; the Gallipoli islands near the equator, and the Pearl islands, in the Bay of Panama.

ASTRONOMY.

THIS Sublime science is of too interesting a nature to require any recommendation; it is therefore only necessary briefly to observe, that a knowledge of Astronomy, even in its most confined and limited sense, will expand the mind, beyond any other science. With the sacred poet we shall at every step exclaim, "The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament sheweth forth his handy work !"

The Solar System.

In this system, the sun is placed nearly immovable in the centre of the orbits of the planets, that is, in the circles, or