exclaimed: 'That is true fame.'” This story of the book of verse "lying in the window of a solitary ale-house" reappears in the 'Lectures on the English Poets,' and again in the 'Political Essays.' Now in the closing paragraph of the Edinburgh article we find :"There is really not one couplet......which would be reckoned poetry, or even sense, were it found in the corner of a newspaper or upon the window of an inn." (The italics are mine.)

6. Lastly, the reviewer twits Coleridge with having apostatized to the Government to no practical (i.e., pecuniary) purpose-Southey, that is, has got the Laureateship, Wordsworth is a Stamp Distributor, but Coleridge has been left out to starve in the cold. And Hazlitt is never done harping upon this string. Take the following from his review of the 'Lay Sermon' ('Political Essays,' 1819):

"His imagination thus becomes metaphysical, his metaphysics fantastic......his poetry prose, his prose poetry, his politics turned-but not to account..... He gives up his independence of mind, and yet does not acquire independence of fortune."

Such are some of the grounds on which I believe that Hazlitt wrote the Edinburgh critique on Christabel.' Of the literary judgments delivered by COL. PRIDEAUX I prefer to say nothing.

"So wide indeed is the chasm between this gentleman's poetical creed and mine, that so far from being able to join hands, we could scarce make our voices intelligible to each other; and to bridge it over would require more time, skill, and power than I believe myself to possess.' Biographia,' 1817, i. 96. The reviser who could forbear to strike his pen through a sentence which characterizes the 'Poems' of 1797-including (to say nothing of others) the 'Lines composed at Clevedon,' the Dedication,' and the verses On Leaving a Place of Residence'-as "juvenile balderdash" is surely in a condition of hopeless dyspathy towards Coleridge. Meanwhile, the lovers of the great poet may console themselves with the reflection that, whatever harm comes by such excursions in criticism, the sufferer assuredly will not be Samuel Taylor Coleridge. THOMAS HUTCHINSON.

·

LINGUISTIC CURIOSITIES (9th S. x. 245, 397, 456; xi. 34).—The meaning "to eat" of the word schaffen is not limited to Dutch, but occurs also in German. Sanders (Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache,' vol. ii. p. 882) defines it as essen, Mahlzeit halten, and refers to examples of its use with this meaning by Bobrik and Gerstäcker. In the same place

Sanders makes reference to Schweinichen, who uses the noun Schaffen with the meaning of "food." It should be added that, contrary to what might be inferred from the discussion in these columns, the 'Century' and the 'Standard' recognize "scoff" with the meaning "to eat hastily," ," "to devour," "to eat voraciously." CHARLES BUNDY WILSON. The State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.

"SUCH SPOTLESS HONOUR," &C. (9th S. xi. 87). -Some years ago I copied the following from a monument in Newington Church, Kent :

Lieutenant Henry Lynch Brockman, 3rd son of James Drake Brockman, Esq., of Beachborough, died at Elvas, 1809.

Forgive, blest Shade, the tributary Tear
That mourns thy exit from a World like this;
And stayed thy Progress to the Realms of Bliss.
Forgive the Wish that would have kept thee here
Such spotless Honour, such Ingenuous Truth,
Such boundless ardour in the bloom of youth,
So mild, so gentle, so Composed a Mind,
To such heroick Warmth and Courage joined:
Alas! cut off in Youthful Glory's Pride,
He unrepining for his Country died.

R. J. FYNMORE.

These lines, written by George, Lord Lyttelton, were inscribed on the column at Stowe referred to in the article on Thomas Grenville in the 'Dict. Nat. Biog.,' vol. xxiii. p. 132. PROF. LAUGHTON will find the full inscription in Lipscomb's Hist. and Antiq. of the County of Buckingham' (1847), vol. iii. G. F. R. B. pp. 101-2.

[These lines are attributed to Anne Steele. See authorities at 8th S. x. 248.]

THE COPE (9th S. x. 285, 374, 495; xi. 93).— MR. MATTHEWS should, in fairness, give his ment. It will be found, I think, that (with a authority as publicly as he made his statefew solitary exceptions) the cope has only been worn in our days by a celebrant in the Church of England in the case of one or two bishops, by them only in their cathedrals, and not often or recently. It has not been done, as MR. MATTHEWS alleged, in 66 many churches," nor has it become a "practice"; and no such practice "prevails" above others. W. C. B.

I venture to call the attention of those interested in the above subject to an article in the Dublin Review, vol. cxx. pp. 17-37 (January, 1897), called 'The Origin of the Cope as a Church Vestment,' by Mr. Edmund Bishop. Mr. Bishop's name has a European reputation, and will be a guarantee that the article gives us some part of the fruit of a life devoted to most accurate research in all branches of liturgiology. The article is summed up at the end by twelve "categorical statements." Nos. 9 and 10, I think, will

add to statements which have been made in former communications on this subject :

"9. The cope has retained not merely its old shape, but its old use. In its origin it was a vestment, the use of which was restricted to no particular order of the clergy, but, as now, could be worn by any order, from the highest to the lowest cleric; in fact, it was sometimes worn (as it still is) by persons who are not clerics at all.

10. To go back no further than the date at which the cope is first brought by ritual theorists into the category of church vestments in the twelfth and in the following centuries, the chasuble was the vestment specifically assigned to the priest for the saying of Mass."

STRATTON-ON-THE-FOSSE.

HERIOT (9th S. x. 228, 333, 433, 497; xi. 75). -I have in my strong-room scores of leases in which the lessee covenants to pay a "heriot" on the decease of each "life on which his term depends. In this part (West Cornwall) the amount is generally small, 10s. or 1., and the tenant gets no new advantage. Where a new life is nominated on a payment, the payment is larger and is called a fine." YGREC.

ROBERT DODSLEY (9th S. ix. 228; x. 272).— After writing my former reply, it occurred to me that of all the authorities I had seen, not one referred in any way to the newspapers of that date, where naturally one would expect to find any obituary notices. This induced me to look up the collections in the British Museum and Guildhall libraries, with the following result :

London Evening Post from Tuesday, 25 Sept., to Thursday, 27 Sept., 1764.-"On Sunday last died, on a visit at the Rev. Mr. Spence's at Durham, Mr. Robert Dodsley, late an eminent Bookseller, in Pall Mall"

St. James's Chronicle from Tuesday, 25 Sept., to Thursday, 27 Sept., 1764.-"A few days since, died, at Durham, the ingenious Mr. Dodsley, late a Book seller in Pall Mall."

Lloyd's Evening Post from Wednesday, 26 Sept., to Friday, 28 Sept., 1764.-"Died September 23rd, Mr. Robert Dodsley, on a visit to the Rev. Mr. Spence's, at Durham, late a considerable Bookseller,

in Pall Mall."

Public Advertiser, Friday, 28 Sept., 1764.-" On Sunday last, died, on a visit to the Rev. Mr. Spence's, at Durham, Mr. Robert Dodsley, late an eminent Bookseller, in Pall Mall."

were interred on the 25th, lie under an altar tomb in the Cathedral church yard."

The above dates, which are corroborated in the London and Scots magazines, I think clearly show the 23rd to be the most feasible; all the other authorities I have named vol. xxxiv. 1764 (the same year), which ought are practically untrustworthy. Gent. Mag., to be correct, gives the date 25th; vol. liii. 1783, some twenty years after, the epitaph appears, "In the abbey church at Durham," 23 September. It would be interesting to know how it was obtained, and if it is still in existence. In the old style of type it would be easy to confuse the 3's and 5's. The most inexplicable is the Harleian Society's 'Register of the Cathedral Church at Durham,' which one would think should be correct; it gives the date as the 26th, and spells the name Doddesley, and in a foot-note the editor refers the reader to the 'D.N.B.'

The number of discrepancies in this and other works is caused by the habit men have of blindly following one another with a carelessness in looking into facts which is still prevalent. CHAS. G. SMITHERS.

47, Darnley Road, Hackney.

There is a short memoir of Dodsley in the Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography, (n.d. on the title-page, but probably published about 1865). In Howitt's Visits to Remarkable Places,' published originally in 1841, is the following mention of him and his tomb in the cathedral yard at Durham :

Who in his

and seized on my attention more vividly than any "But there is one grave that arrested my steps of them. It was the tomb of Robert Dodsley, the author of The Economy of Human Life,' of The Toyshop,' and various other works. youth has not read and reread The Economy of Human Life,' and faithfully held it to be the work of some holy Brahmin, as it professed to be? How many miniature copies of that little volume are there still scattered about in country houses and in pious and poetical boys to boot!"-Vol. ii. p. 52. the drawers of pious ladies, old and young, and of

Local Records and Historic Register of Remarkable Events: Northumberland and Durham,' &c., by John Sykes (Newcastle, 1833).-"Sept., 1764. Died, at the Rev. Mr. Spence's in the City of Durham, Mr. Robert Dodsley, one of the most eminent booksellers in London, &c. His remains, which

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

HELLEQUIN AND HIS HOUSEHOLD (8th S. xi. 108, 174, 271, 355, 430).—There is an article in the current number of the Quarterly Review

sidered my opinion that the hangman is meant. Such a meaning is possible, but it is safer to regard "loon-slatt" as a cant term for the Scottish coin. F. ADAMS.

115, Albany Road, Camberwell.

"Slatt" is said in some old slang tionaries to mean a half-crown. If this be correct, "loon's-slat" would be a coin such as would be mistaken by a loon for a halfcrown. The old Scots coin, a merk, was worth thirteen pence halfpenny.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. "OUTSTRIP" (9th S. xi. 48).-The expression quoted by DR. MURRAY appears from the context to have been used by Henry James Byron, the dramatist, who was a friend of W. C. Hazlitt, and I should gather from the passage that it occurred in conversation, perhaps with Hazlitt himself, and was not quoted from any of his writings.

Killadoon, Celbridge.

H. J. B. CLEMENTS.

"TYPULATOR" (9th S. x. 428, 516; xi. 72).—

In Ruggle's Latin comedy 'Ignoramus,' which was twice acted at Cambridge before James I. in the second decade of the seventeenth century, we find this word mentioned: Vince. O sir, I perceive you are mine own countryman, I have Latin to make, for God's sake help me. What's Latin for an Alehouse-Keeper? Ignoramus. Tiplator cervisiæ, boy.

Actus V. scena x., Editio sexta. Westmonasterii, MDCCXXXI.

JOHN T. CURRY. WITNESSING BY SIGNS (9th S. xi. 109).-I have lately examined an attested copy of a will relating to a charity connected with this parish, dated 1710, bearing two similar signs to those mentioned by MR. FRANCIS R. RUSHTON. There are four signatures in all, the testator and three witnesses. One of the latter is the incumbent, and he and the testator were able to write. The two remaining witnesses sign by marks, one being a line with three strokes drawn through it, and the other a circle within a circle. JOHN T. PAGE.

West Haddon, Northamptonshire. Signs of this kind were commonly used in former days in place of the cross which has now become almost universal. I have many documents so signed among my family papers. I think the signs went out of use, and were replaced by the cross, about the middle of the eighteenth century. I apprehend that they were of the same character as merchants' marks and swan-marks. Whether they were hereditary I will not venture to say; but there is evidence that they were often indi

FREDERICK T. HIBGAME. [We cannot insert any more on this subject.]

ANNIE OF THARAU (9th S. xi. 7, 91).—The

song Aennchen von Tharau' was rendered into literary German by Herder in his 'Volkslieder,' 1778, from the Low German original, Anke van Tharau,' by Simon Dach (16051659). Dach wrote it in 1637 for his friend, a clergyman named Portatius, on the occasion of the latter's marriage to Anna Neander, the daughter of a pastor of Tharau, in what is now the province of East Prussia.

According to Arthur Kopp, the metre of the song, and perhaps part of the thought and of the words, were evidently borrowed by Dach from a Low German song (since lost), "Allemahl allemahl geyt et so to," which was sung among the people at wedding festivals. The application to Annie of Tharau was, of course, original with Simon Dach. There is nothing in the simple circumstances of the writing of Anke van Tharau' to warrant the fanciful stories of the love of the poet himself for the fair Annie that arose later, and found literary expression in a comedy by Willibald Alexis and in a lyric opera by H. Hoffman and R. Fels.

Facts concerning the song and a reprint of Dach's Low German original may be found in F. M. Böhme's 'Volkstümliche Lieder der Deutschen im 18 und 19 Jahrhundert,'

Leipsic, 1895, pp. 288-90, and in the German literary journal Euphorion, vol. vii. pp. 319324 (by A. Kopp). CHARLES ALLYN WILLIAMS. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Annie of Tharau was a real person. She was the daughter of Andreas Neander, pastor in the little town of Tharau, in East Prussia,

about ten miles south of Königsberg. The poem 'Aennchen von Tharau was written by Simon Dach, and dedicated to her on the occasion of her marriage to Pastor Johann Portatius in 1637. There is a tradition that Dach was in love with her, but the fact is that he had simply been a student friend of Portatius, and as such wrote the poem. The first six lines of the original poem are as follows: :

Anke van Tharau ösz, de my geföllt,

Se ösz mihn Lewen, mihn Goet on mihn Gölt. Anke van Tharau heft wedder eer Hart Op my geröchtet ön Löw' on ön Schmart. Anke van Tharau mihn Rihkdom, mihn Goet, Du mihne Seele, mihn Fleesch on mihn Bloet. Fuller information may be obtained from 'Simon Dach, seine Freunde, und Johann Röling,' vol. xxx. in Kürschner's "Deutsche National-Litteratur," pp. xiii, 106, and 107. CHARLES BUNDY WILSON.

Iowa City, Iowa.

'HYMNS ANCIENT AND MODERN' (9th S. viii. 101, 230, 388; ix. 36; x. 432, 512; xi. 77).-Dr. Isaac Watts, in his 'Advertisement to the Readers' of his 'Psalms,' dated 1 December, 1718, makes no allusion to altering or adding to the author's words (I suppose he did not contemplate such an enormity); but, with regard to omissions, he says:—

"If the Psalm be too long for the Time or Custom of Singing, there are Pauses in many of them, at which you may properly rest; or you may leave out those Verses which are included in Crotchets [ ] without disturbing the Sense: Or in some Places you may begin to sing at a Pause. Do not always confine yourselves to six Stanzas, but sing seven or eight, rather than confound the Sense, and abuse the Psalm in solemn Worship."

W. S.

KIEFF, KIEV, KIEW (9th S. xi. 8, 31).—The second rendering is, I think, the nearest approach to the Russian, while the third is a Germanized form which, to an unsophisticated English reader, would rather suggest our own botanical gardens than the holy city of St. Vladimir. Gibbon's "Kiow" would be unintelligible to a Russian, but by the complicated law of permutations of letters Russian written e sometimes becomes o (e.g., poshel, "begone," is pronounced poshol). Prof. Morfill writes, with reference to

The reply to the question "Are we right, or the French, or the Germans?" is that all three are right. Kieff and Kiev are right for English and French. The first represents the Russian sound, the second the Russian spelling. Kieff and Kiev are to one another as Mannering and Mainwaring. Kiew is right for Germans, because their final w is like English f Kiew is not right for Englishmen. An Englishman may appropriately write either Kieff or Kiev, but if he writes Kiew he betrays ignorance. Gibbon's Kiow is not Russian, but Polish. I may add that all the above forms are dissyllabic, and that the stress is always on the first vowel. JAS. PLATT, Jun.

MR. ARMSTRONG gives us excellent reasons for the correct spelling Kieff. May I ask why he calls this form uncouth," and why he gives it as an example of a "quick sense of what is elegant" that the French "have followed the Latin word Kiovia"? I should have thought that it was quite as elegant to be correct as to follow a barbarous mediæval spelling. COMESTOR OXONIENSIS.

Why not generally adopt the spelling of the Russians themselves? If they want to transcribe the name of their ancient and glorious southern capital in our Latin characters, it is usually written Kiev by them, according to the French spelling, as Prof. Morfill informs us. Perhaps the most accurate way of transcribing it in English might be Keeyeff (corresponding with a second German spelling Kijew, and the Polish spelling Kijow). But who would like to accept such an awkward form?

H. K.

"PEACE, RETRENCHMENT, AND REFORM" (9th S. x. 348, 412, 496).-These words were inscribed under the Three Polar Stars on the banner of Tittlebat Titmouse, successful candidate for the corrupt borough of Yatton in the unreformed Parliament (see Warren's 'Ten Thousand a Year'). Lord John Russell, in his speech on the ministerial plan of