CONTENTS. - No. 273. or Bettee-" Maize," 227. QUERIES:-Recusant Wykehamists, 227-Bruce and Avenell-Mansion, Miniature Painter-Chapels to St. Clare Lyra Apostolic-Hubbell Arms- Account of Historical and Politica! Fvents,' 228-"Let it check our pride "Hinde" C.I.F."- Lincoln Proverbs - Scotch Ballad Habbie Simpson'-Cipher Price-Marks-"Weep not for her"-" And whose little pigs are these?"Anne Boleyn's Mother, 229-"To dive "-"Trapeza" in Russian, 230. REPLIES:-"Unram," 230-St. Mary Axe - Mrs. Glasse. 231-"Bagman"-Commercial Traveller-"Maiden" for Married Woman-"Loon-slatt "-Keats: "Sloth," 232 Cornish Wreckers-Origin of the Turnbulls, 233-Vanity Fair, 234 Sexton's Tombstone 18th Hussars, 1821Notes on Skea 's 'Concise Dictionary,' 235-Portraits of Nash Dictionary of Greek Mythology-"The beatific vision" - Races of Mankind Savoir Vivre Club - tionship. They looked upon marriage as a sacred trust existing exclusively for the enlargement of the boundaries of the State, and not for personal gratification. This was no use to Mill at all. The apostle of Utilitarianism, the disciple of Malthus, found himself, when working up the materials for his essay, bound either to admit the whole evidence or to discard it altogether. He decided to ignore it. That Jewish women have played important rôles on the stage of history barely needs to be said. Deborah, Hannah, Miriam, Hildah, Ruth, Esther, Beruria, the wife of Rabbi Myer, and Queen Alexandra are all fragrant memories. All these women in divers ways took some share in the public life of their times, although the unwritten law was against them." Women," we read (Nazir, 59), are not to take up arms in defence of their country." This, like most Talmudical dicta, Statistical Data Quotations Wanted, 236-Dutch must be read in the broadest possible_sense. courage"-"Place - Dairy Windows-Witnessing by Signs-Castle Rushen, Isle of Man, 237-Linguistic Curio-Nor was it any special hardship for Jewish sities-Arms Wanted-Smythies Family-Wilbye-Foot- women to be debarred from public work. print of the Prophet-Records in Maternity, 238-Monarch They, very properly, left the entire manageNOTES ON BOOKS-Shuckburgh's 'Two Biographies of ment of State affairs to more virile hands, William Bedell Archæologia Eliana '-'The Language and did not seek to weaken authority by Question in Greece'' Berks, Bucks, and Oxon Archæo- competition with it in the council chamber. Nevertheless, if the Hebrew ladies were not asked to frame laws, to sit in the Sanhedrin or in the judgment seat, or to take part in politics, if they never held office, sacerdotal or political, still their social status was immeasurably higher than that of their Greek and Roman sisters. in a Wheelbarrow-Lord Whitehill, 239. logical Journal.' Notices to Correspondents. Fotes. WOMEN IN THE TALMUD. WHEN it is pointed out that no inconsiderable portion of the Talmudical writings is assigned to the intricacies of gynecology, one may be excused some slight amazement on perusing Mill's 'Subjection of Women' to find a positive lacuna. As a matter of fact, the whole social conditions of Hebrew women in Biblical and post-Biblical times are quietly ignored. This is the more remarkable, considering that the entire subject is one that, if it had been handled by Mill at all, would have furnished matter of the first order for the defence of his case and formed the ground plan of his unrivalled powers of attack. Grant that direct access to this vast original mass of evidence was closed to him; still his association with the most cultured Jews of his age would have made it all accessible. Why did he then elect to ignore it? The answer is not hard to supply. For while "subjection in Mill's special sense was possibly the dominant note of the marital compact between the sexes of Greece and Rome, the doctors of the Talmud (Chagiga, 107) strongly condemned it. In its stead they inculcated a spiritual side to the rela Much as Mill complains that in the home alone woman's larger life is stifled, the Jewish home gave its mistress ample scope for the expansion of her higher nature. There she was priestess as well as mistress. Many of the religious ordinances were very properly consigned to her care; the education of her children was a primary duty, which she shared equally with her husband. It would take me too far to descend to details. I will give one or two illustrations out of Erubin, 96. Meechal, King Saul's daughter, was in the habit of wearing tephellin (phylacteries). The wife of Jonah, when he was away engaged in professional duty, attended the customary festivities in Jerusalem on his behalf. Another illustration may well be the custom that has persisted from time immemorialthat of lighting up the Sabbath lights by the mistress of the house herself. This beautiful rite is the only relic left to us of that idyllic age when the Jewish matron was the Pythoness of the sacred hearth; and so widely is it cherished that, even in those families where the last vestige of Jewish ritualism has passed away, where kashruth greatly favoured by the Rabbins as were the (examination) of the edibles has been quietly English maidens by our own Constitution, relegated to the Christian cook, this charm-if Blackstone is correct. They certainly ing old rite still shines in solitary splendour vote them a set of chatterboxes. “Out of over the ruins of our modern respectability, ten parts of small talk women claim nine” and recalls the famous line of Lucretius, (Keddushin, 49). Inasmuch as they regarded the sex as "superior beings," "God having given them an oversoul" (Niddah, 45), small talk with them was strenuously condemned, as it tended to promote frivolity of conduct (Pirkei Aboth, cap. i.). Quasi cursores vitai lampada tradunt. This is the last relic of the golden age of Jewish scholarship, when learning and not wealth won the smiles and caught the glances of Hebrew maidens, when the Chabba (professor) and the Talmid Chacham (distinguished student) were courted by dames of high degree. The following citations show the status of Hebrew women. "A man might sell his all to enable his daughter to marry a Talmid Chacham" (Pesachim, 49). If he did impoverish himself for so noble an object he is said (Ketuboth, 111) to possess fine spiritual insight, "to cleave to the Shekinah." Money had no particular merits in those bucolic ages. “A man should not let his daughter marry an old man" (Sanhedrin, 71). "That was an ill-assorted marriage when a daughter of the priestly caste stooped to an Israelite, or when a scholar's daughter allied herself with an amaretz" (tradesman) (Pesachim, 49). The study of the Torah was continuous; still it might be indefinitely postponed to promote a bridal feast (Megillah, 3). Equality and spiritual sympathy between the sexes, for which Mill pleaded so eloquently, find a responsive note in these dicta: "When a man finds his mate Elijah kisses him and God loves him" (Dayrech Ayretz, cap. i.). "The wife of a scholar was honoured as a scholar" (Shevuoth, 30). Even to day this rule obtains in many continental cities owning a Chief Rabbi, whose wife is invariably an accomplished lady, and is called Rabbitsin." Owing to her extreme tactfulness she is better equipped for resolving many of the minor cases of conscience than even the Rabbi himself. In the work I have referred to Mill labours most painfully to show that women from the cradle onward are trained to look upon marriage as their ultimate destiny. Was it so among the Hebrews? Listen to the Talmudical fathers, who pushed, if they did not quite bully, our frightened Lothario into the marital shafts. "A bachelor is not a man" (Chagiga, 63). "A bachelor leads an inglorious life and has no luck" (ibid., 62). "A widower is not entitled to live a lonely life" (ibid., 61). "A man should build a house and then marry" (Sotah, 44). "At eighteen every man should take a wife" (Pirkei Aboth, cap. i.). Do they address these admonitions to the women? Not at all. For they are as These are some of the fine things they said of them: "Women are all tender-hearted" (Megillah, 3). “A noble wife will give birth to princes" (ibid., 10). "The man who has a prudent wife is rich" (Sabbath, 25). “A good woman is a fortune to any man: a pretty one pays her husband a compliment" (Chagiga, 63). The Rabbins knew the wonder-working effects of kindness. They will tell you (Ketuboth, 62) "a woman prefers liberty in a cottage to restraint in a palace." And again (ibid., 59), "Whosoever desires to retain his wife's affection will provide her with genteel attire." Here are a few of the duties they owe to each other: "A man is not allowed to reduce his wife to a state of carnal servitude" (Chagiga, 107). On the other hand, he is not to endanger her reputation by excessive absence from the family hearth. He was directed (Ketuboth, 9), "before setting out for the wars, to furnish his wife with documents entitling her to get a divorce." Neither was the man encouraged to embark on the perilous seas of matrimony without full deliberation. He was told (Baba Bathra, 10) to institute inquiries into the lady's family history, so that if he tied himself to a vulgar woman he must pay the penalty in having vulgar offspring" (Sotah, 70). They "When a man puts did not favour divorce. away his first wife even the altar weeps for him" (Gittin, 90). He was plainly told "he had no business to marry the woman (Chagiga, 37). But their sympathies went out in fullest measure to the man bereft of his mate. "The destruction of the Temple would not be so keen a blow to a man as the loss of his first love" (Sanhedrin, 22). M. L. R. BRESLAR. terrestres, Horace cœnas sine sanguine) by which means, as he follows it, Hic homines tam brevem vitam colunt," &c. Shilleto, observing that cenas sine sanguine is nowhere in Horace, suggests "Hegio means c. s. s. The passage does not invite any such violent remedy. Horace would appear to be a slip of Burton for Ovid, and the Latin words to be an inexact quotation of "epulas sine cæde et sanguine "(Met.,' xv. 82). An example of the substitution by Burton of the name of one Latin poet for the name of another is to be found on p. 30 of vol. iii. (Part III. sect. i. mem. ii. subs. iii.), where Velle et nolle ambobus idem, satiataque toto is ascribed in the margin to Statius. Shilleto leaves this unidentified. It is taken from Silius Italicus, ix. 406-7 (Burton's et should be ac). 66 Vol. i. p. 428, 1. 7 from bottom (Part I. sect. ii. mem. iv. subs. vii.), "to avoid eminent danger." Shilleto's note is Perhaps we should read imminent, but I am by no means sure that eminent is not the right reading. I therefore retain it in the text." An examination of the passages quoted in the H.E.D.' to show the confusion which existed between eminent and imminent makes one feel that the text may well be left in peace. Here, however, as elsewhere, a knowledge of the successive issues of the Anatomy' is desirable, and Shilleto does not help. I hope before long to be able to give the results of a collation of some of the early editions. Vol. i. p. 478, 1. 10 (Part I. sect. iii. mem. ii. subs. iv.), "They......love to be alone and solitary, though that do them more harm.” Shilleto's note on do, Qu. doth," seems uncalled for. What is objectionable in the subjunctive do? ("Though there be not so much Blood in them, as was in those of the Ancients.") Vol. iii. p. 30, 1. 3 (Part III. sect. i. mem. ii. subs. iii.), "Many, saith Favorinus, that loved and admired Alcibiades in his youth, knew not, cared not, for Alcibiades a man, nunc [non? A.R.S.] intuentes quærebant Alcibiadem: but the beauty of Socrates is still the same." The passage from Favorinus, which Shilleto fails to identify, is given in Stobæus's 'Florilegium,' lxvi. 3. A glance at the Greek confirms one's belief that the insertion here of non instead of nunc would destroy the point of the remark. Vol. iii. p. 266, 1. 5 from bottom (Part III. sect. ii. mem. v. subs. v.), "Phillida flouts me. It is rather surprising to read Shilleto's Qu. Phyllis?" Of course Phillida is right. See 'The Complete Angler,' Part I. chap. iv., 66 and Appendix to the edition of that book ACCURACY IN QUOTATION. (See ante, p. 161.) I HOPE that I shall, at all events, be credited with being a well-meaning person, and therefore may perhaps be forgiven for the inadvertent misplacing of a sentence on p. 162, col. 1, 1. 5. It is not the printer's fault, but my own; and I humbly apologize for the error. The words "After that on peut tirer l'échelle" are mine, and should immediately follow the quotation from Bayle beginning on line 7. May I with regard to the proposed rule 2 ("Quotations") add that there does not appear to be the same objection-apart from verbal accuracy-to a selection from poetry or fiction of exactly the words that suit the purpose, always of course giving the exact reference, just as "the devil can cite Scripture for his purpose (Merchant of Venice,' I. iii.)? In such cases no one is deceived, for words taken out of a poem, a play, or a novel may or may not represent the author's own opinions or sentiments. An autobiography, an essay, a speech, a sermon-these are a different matter, and then something more than verbal accuracy is often necessary to avoid misrepresentation or misapprehension. It may or may not be in good taste, but what valid objection can otherwise be raised against an advertising contractor, for instance, adopting the words "Yet doth he give us bold advertisement" (Henry IV.,' IV. i.) as his motto, or "O, my prophetic soul! my uncle!" (Hamlet,' I. v.) being jokingly remarked of a pawnbroker? Or take Tennyson's well-known lines:- 'In Memoriam,' canto cxi. A Gladstonian would select, probably, the first two lines to quote, whereas a Conservative would prefer (if not all four) to quote not less than the first three. While on the subject an interesting case of tracing-not necessarily the same thing as verifying-quotations may be fittingly referred to here. I had for a long time been on the look-out for the author or origin of the oft-quoted With reference to the appointment of the phrase, "Tout savoir, c'est tout pardonner," but without success. One day, quite by accident-things do happen so-I met with the following: Tout comprendre, c'est tout pardonner (Madame de Stael)." This variant furnished me with the necessary clue, and the word "comprendre" enabled me to trace the phrase, "Tout comprendre rend très indulgent," in Madame de Stael's story 'Corinne' (book xviii. ch. v. par. 3). Is not this a parallel case to the story of Le Cou teau de Janot' (or Jeannot), in which the blade and handle of a knife are successively renewed, so that, although the original owner ship remains, not a portion of the original article exists? With regard to the phrase, it is a marvel that the original sentiment or idea has not also been changed beyond all hope of recognition. I lately met with the following, but without any reference being given, nor was it put in inverted commas: "Le prince qui veut tout savoir, doit vouloir beaucoup pardonner." This puts a somewhat different aspect on the idea. In N. & Q.,' 7th S. xi. 469, under 'Authors of Quotations Wanted,' occurs "Comprendre, c'est pardonner," with a note, "This has been quoted in reference to Charlotte Corday, and attributed to Madame de Staël." The correspondent may consider the above as a more satisfactory answer to his question. Here is a suggestion, in conclusion, and I think that the experiment would be worth trying. Why should not some well-known author in his next book give the exact reference (in a foot-note or otherwise) to all the quotations he uses as such? It would certainly be a new departure, and the addition would, I venture to think, be appreciated by all thoughtful readers. If the author used a quotation the source of which he was unable to find, a would indicate this, and no doubt some one having the knowledge would supply the omission, either direct to the publisher or through N. & Q.' EDWARD LATHAM. 61, Friends' Road, E. Croydon. THE FIRST RECTOR OF EDINBURGH ACADEMY. -In the Public School Magazine for January, 1901, there is an article on the above school by Mr. J. H. Millar, of Balliol College. There appears in N. & Q.' (7th S. xii. 19) another version, "Tout connaître, ce serait tout pardonner," but source not mentioned. The com: parison referred to (St. Luke xxiii. 34), "Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do," seems scarcely pertinent to the question. first Rector, the Rev. John Williams, vicar of Lampeter (subsequently Archdeacon of Cardigan), all that the writer says is that he "was summoned from Wales at Sir Walter Scott's instance to take charge of the new venture." Nothing could be more misleading. As a reference to Mr. Lleufer Thomas's life of Williams in the 'D.N.B.' shows, his candidature was backed up, and perhaps originally suggested, by Sir Walter and Lockhart; but he had to fight a stiff contest for the post against a large and formidable array of competitors. Full particulars of the competition, with copies of the leading candidates' applications and testimonials, are bound up in a volume at the British Museum (catalogued under Williams's name). This volume contains Lord Cockburn's set of the testimonials, and there is in it an interesting MS. opinion of Cockburn's own on Williams's suitability for the post. One of the competitors was Malden, subsequently Professor of Greek at University College, London; and among Malden's testimonials is one from Dr. Harford, of Blaise Castle and Falcondate, Lampeter, lord of the manor of Lampeter. It was owing to Harford's hostility that Williams failed to secure the principalship of St. David's College, Lampeter-that "university in petto," as it was described a few months ago in the Times, on the occasion of Archbishop Temple's J. P. OWEN. visit. TRINITY SUNDAY FOLK-LORE.-Some French I think this belief does not exist on this side CESAR AND THE ELEPHANT.-A more than "Now it is certain that the Romans in Britain when Julius Caesar forced the passage of the Thames employed elephants, as Polybius expressly tells us, near Chertsey, an elephant, with archers in a houdah on its back, led the way and drove the astonished Britons to flight." Polybius died nearly seventy years before Cæsar's invasions of Britain, and the author intended is Polyænus. It may be said that we have only to turn b into æ, and i into n, to Dictionary' will give several illustrative 66 = make the name correct; but we have also in doing so to refer to one of the least, instead of the most, trustworthy of ancient writers. The statement occurs in the eighth and last book (c. xxiii.) of the 'Strategics of Polyænus. "LOATHLY." (See ante, p. 60.) — In_the In no case does he give any of his authorities for the miscellaneous collection of anecdotes notice of a section of vol. vi. of A New Engwhich he compiled with very little care or dis-lish Dictionary' it is remarked that "the crimination, but we can ourselves in several instances trace the sources and note some of the author's mistakes. For the statement, however, that Cæsar took an elephant (an animal nowhere mentioned in the Commentaries') from Gaul into Britain, and by this means succeeded in frightening away the Britons who were endeavouring to defend the ford of the Thames, Polyænus himself is our sole authority, and it seems to me we cannot possibly accept it on the word of an author who probably confused it with an event which may have happened somewhere else. W. T. LYNN. Blackheath. 66 loathly_worm serpent seems to be first used by Besant (1886), though Thomson (1748) has loathly toad,'" and the writer adds: We should have thought that ballad literature would supply earlier instances." In ballad literature we have, of course, the wellknown instance of The Laidly Worm of Spindleston Heughs,' which was first published in book form in 'A View of Northumii. 162-4. Though founded on an ancient berland, Anno 1776,' by W. Hutchinson, 1778, the Rev. Robert Lambe. Loathly and laidly theme, this ballad was the composition of are the same word, the A.-S. láðlíc. W. F. PRIDEAUX. THACKERAY AND 'PENDENNIS.'-In Merivale "COFFEE-LETTER"-News-LETTER.-'N.E.D.' and Marzials's 'Thackeray,' "Great Writers does not give the special combination coffee-Series," it is stated, p. 155, that letter; but with coffee house letter it was "after the publication of the eleventh number frequently used by Anthony Wood as an of Pendennis' in September, 1849, there came a equivalent for news-letter. Under date break for four months. Thackeray was ill, sick 24 February, 1675, news in the coffey-house letter" is to be found referred to; both "the public coffey letter" and "the coffey letter" are mentioned in 1680 and 1681; and " letter at the coffee-house" is quoted in the last-given year. These are only a few such references; and I should be glad if any others from contemporary sources could be given. ALFRED F. ROBBINS. a PRIGG."-This word is usually explained as meaning to plead hard with a person, to haggle over a bargain, to filch, to steal; but it occurs in a sermon preached by the Rev. D. Williamson, of the West Kirk, Edinburgh, at the opening of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, in March, 1703, where the meaning seems to be different from any of the foregoing. The preacher, referring to evils connected with a system of patronage in the Church, says : well nigh unto death, in the latter part of September and during October and November, and kindly tended by Dr. Elliotson, to whom Pendennis' was afterwards dedicated, and by Dr. Merriman, of Kensington Square." numbers formed about half the story. Mrs. The thirty-six chapters in the eleven Ritchie, in her introduction to Pendennis,' states that Edward FitzGerald "said it was very stupid, and advised my father to give it up. My father was not satisfied either." Fortunately this advice was not taken. Thackeray says in the preface "that this book began with a very precise plan, which was entirely set aside." Without doubt we are indebted to Thackeray's illness for those three most charming chapters-li. 'Which had very Critical Chapter,' and liii. Convalescence.' nearly been the Last of the Story,' lii. 'A These are chaps. xiii., xiv., and xv. of vol. ii. of the first edition. Thackeray suffered from a bilious fever that almost "If a vassal had a son fit for no other imploy-killed him. Pen also was "in a high fever," ment, he would sute his patron for a presentation. I pray that none of our nobility or gentry prigg with God in this matter, and that neither covetousness on the one hand, nor envy on the other, prompt men to wreath this yoke on us." The copy of the sermon in my possession bears to have been printed at Edinburgh, in 1703, "by the Heirs and Successors of Andrew Anderson, Printer to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty." I hope the 'Oxford English "delirious." "The fever, if not stopped, might and would carry off the young fellow," and at one time "his life was despaired of." Dr. Goodenough, of Hanover Square, who was sent for by Major Pendennis to attend Pen, is, of course, Dr. Elliotson, who was then living in Conduit Street close to that square. He is "the good and honest and benevolent man" who "laughed at the idea |