of Amaryllidaceae receives from the Chinese another unhappy name, "Pu-i-tsan," or 66 undutiful herb," because its leaves and flowers appear at different seasons and never accompany each other.

Arai Hakuseki (1657-1725), in his 'Tôga,' Brit. Mus. Or. MSS. 39, relates a folkstory that the so-called woman's flower (Ominaeshi), or Patrinia scabiosafolia, Lin., one of the seven autumnal flowers celebrated in the Japanese anthology, took its rise from the grave of a young woman who had died of love-sickness. KUMAGUSU MINAKATA. Mount Nachi, Kii, Japan.

BEDFORDSHIRE : LORD LIEUTENANCY (9th S. xi. 449). A very full list of the topographical works relating to this county has already been given in 7th S. xii. 49, 132, 233, 332, from which your correspondent may be able to obtain the information he requires.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

Earl of Upper Ossory, Lord Lieutenant of
Bedfordshire 1771-1818 (G. E. C.'s 'Complete
Peerage').
W. D. MACRAY.

According to Haydn's 'Book of Dignities
John, Earl of Upper Ossory, was appointed
Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire on 24 Jan.,
1771, his successor being Thomas Philip, Lord
Grantham, on 13 Feb., 1818. His predecessor,
John, Duke of Bedford, died on 15 Jan., 1771.
WM. NORMAN.

6, St. James's Place, Plumstead. DE LA MARCHE (9th S. xi. 428).-A large engraved portrait, 22 in. by 16 in., of this émigré was published in 1797, entitled "John Francis Lamarche, Bishop and Count of Leon; born in Lower Britanny, County of Cornwall, landed in England 28th Feby., 1791," in which he is represented in the act of writing many letters soliciting assistance for French Royalists who were stranded impecunious in England, having fled from France under the Reign of Terror. A. I. Torquay.

1840, in twenty parts, and afterwards reprinted in three vols. My copy, published by Black wood, is dated 1845, and the account of the Yatton election is recorded in vol. iii. chap. i.

Mr. Gammon is recorded to have received the following laconic epistle, stimulating him to great exertions in the forthcoming election: "The election must be won. You will hear from E. by this post. Don't address any note to me.-B. and B." This is from Mr. Quicksilver, now Lord Blossom and Box, the Lord Chancellor, an old friend of Mr. Gammon's. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. [MR. ADRIAN WHEELER described Titmouse,

ante, p. 176, as the successful candidate.]

ENGLISH ACCENTUATION (9th S. xi. 408).— The tendency of English is to throw the stress towards the beginning of the word. Foreign words adopted into the language retain their foreign accent until they become popularized, when they fall under the English rule. In Byron's Childe Harold,' canto ii. st. xl., written in 1810, we find :

Oft did he mark the scenes of vanish'd war,
Actium, Lepanto, fatal Trafalgár ;

and canto iv. st. clxxxi. :—

They melt into thy yeast of waves which mar but in Braham's song (1811) 'The Death of Alike the Armada's pride and spoils of Trafalgár ;

Nelson,'

'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay.

Byron wrote out of England and kept the
Spanish accent, while no doubt "Trafalgar
Square" had popularized the name at home
Again, balcony, from the Italian balcone,
retained its foreign accent, balcóny, according
to the H.E.D.,' until 1825; but I remember
that the pronunciation was still unsettled in
1850. In Cowper's 'John Gilpin (1782) are
the lines :-

At Edmonton his loving wife
From the balcóny spied

Her tender husband, wondering much
To see how he did ride.

Many other instances might be adduced. If
the decimal system is ever adopted, no doubt
such words as kilométer, &c., will receive
the English stress, kilómeter, like barometer,
A. D. JONES.
gasómeter.

"PEACE, RETRENCHMENT, AND REFORM" (9th S. x. 348, 412, 496; xi. 176).—The point is entirely lost by the mention at the last reference. Mr. Titmouse was the successful (not unsuccessful) candidate for the borough As I suggested in a former note with regard of Yatton in the first reformed Parliament, to a similar query (9th S. vi. 52), it is evidently owing to a great amount of bribery and not only the requirements of euphony that corruption, when the "Bill for giving Every-govern the accentuation of English. The body Everything" became law. Of course by this measure is meant the Reform Bill of 1832. The graphic description of the election is written in Ten Thousand a Year,' published originally in Blackwood's Magazine in

other guiding principle seems to be convenience, that is, a convenience dictated by the necessity for differentiating the accent and sound in, for instance, such a word as gallant, meaning high-spirited, and gallánt,

Miss Cobbe wishes us to visualize when she
uses the Greek words; even as Tennyson in
The Princess,' where (book iii., 'Poetical
Works,' 1893, p. 160, col. 2) he wrote:-

Nor would we work for fame;
Tho' she perhaps might reap the applause of Great,
Who learns the one pou sto whence after-hands
May move the world.

As I understand, this is just what Miss
Cobbe and her fellow-workers purpose to do.
O. O. H.

meaning attentive to ladies, where a pro nunciation is desirable that will render the sense of the word more readily receptive to the ear. It is conceivable that a word like decameter, if addressed to a large and mixed audience, would be confusing to the ear, as conveying a similar sound to that of decanter, unless its context showed clearly that the linear measure was meant. But here, no doubt, the more weighty reason for such accentuation is to be found in the words decameter and kilometer being derived, not, like thermometer and barometer, directly from the Greek, but from French. The linear measures décamètre and kilomètre being legal in England, but not compulsory, would no doubt account for the partially French accentuation. I think it may be safely said that all those words that have their derivation from the Greek root metron-with the exceptions of the two instances which are the subject of T. H. W.'s inquiry-have the dominant stress of their accentuation on the antepenult. Such words are symmetry, trigonometry, geometry, anemo-part several times washed away, bundles of meter, hygrometer, photometer, pyrometer, &c.

MACMICHAEL.

NOTTER FAMILY (9th S. x. 309, 478; xi. 411). -At the first of these references Notter is said without much proof to be " more of an Irish than a Scotch name." MR. J. LANE NOTTER at the last reference quotes instances of the name in Germany from three and a half centuries back, and says "the_name is German." It may interest DR. FORSHAW and MR. NOTTER to learn that Notter is the name of a small ton or hamlet two and three-quarter miles west-north-west of Saltash, Cornwall. The name and place are old enough to have given its name to Notter Bridge, a quarter of a mile further west over the Lynher river.

F. J. ODELL.

H.M.S. Defiance, Devonport. "POU STO" (9th S. xi. 425). Surely GENERAL MAXWELL is hypercritical. Pou sto is one of the pregnant expressions-we have not too many such that contain a whole anecdote. We again see Archimedes declaring his power to move this solid globe, if he have only some standing-place. And this scene, I take it,

WOOL AS A FOUNDATION FOR BUILDINGS (9th S. xi. 309).-Kingsley in Westward Ho!' describing Bideford Bridge, remarks, "All do not know, nor do I, that though the foundation of the bridge is laid upon wool, yet it shakes at the slightest step of a horse." Wattle has long been used for a similar purpose. I saw a thick bed of it laid down at Easter as foundations for the large new locks now erected at Zaamdam, in Holland. After Brunel's railway line running close by the seashore at Dawlish (Devon) had been in

withies were used as a primary foundation, and have proved perfectly successful.

Fair Park, Exeter.

HARRY HEMS.

PHINEAS PETT (9th S. xi. 403, 451).—There were several persons of this name, which has caused confusion in their separate identification. Phineas (son of Peter) Pett, the great shipbuilder, died in 1647, and was buried at Chatham. His seventh son, also named Phineas Pett, was born 24 January, 1618, and was knighted. He became Resident Commissioner of the Navy at Chatham in 1667, and is mentioned in Pepys's 'Diary' under date 13 May, 1682, and 21 September, 1688. When was the Britannia, the 100-gun ship, built, as James I. died in 1625?

Capt. Phineas Pett, killed on board his ship the Tiger on 2 May, 1666, also left a son Phineas (see 7th S. v. 268).

Tankerton-on-Sea, Kent.

ARTHUR HUSSEY.

There is a pedigree of this naval family in Le Neve's 'Knights' in which there are seven members named Phineas Pett. One of them is Sir Phineas Pett, Knt., of Chatham, Commissioner of the Navy there, knighted by King Charles II.; died 1696. The date of knighthood is left blank. L. C.

WESLEY'S PORTRAIT BY ROMNEY (9th S. xi. 447).—A portrait of John Wesley by Romney hangs in the Hall at Christ Church, Oxford. It was bought by, or otherwise came into the possession of, the House not many years ago.

exactly.

After reading the query I wrote to the Rev. not extended. The word "dressés," given in T. Vere Bayne, of Christ Church, ex-senior ST. SWITHIN'S quotation, means erect, and Censor. His reply, dated Christ Church," étroit," close, which describes the position 7 June, 1903, says:ANDREW OLIVER. The late Rev. Frederick Lee, D.D., vicar of All Saints', Lambeth, in his 'Glossary of Liturgical and Ecclesiastical Terms' (London, 1877), gives the following description of a Jansenist crucifix :

"The portrait of Wesley in our Hall is by Romney, and he speaks of it with approval himself; see Tyerman's Life of John Wesley,' vol. iii. p. 565; and an engraving of this portrait is just before the title-page of vol. i."

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

This was in the third Exhibition of
National Portraits, 13 April, 1868, at South
Kensington Museum, described as follows:-
"Rev. John Wesley. Bust to 1.; clerical dress.
Canvas, 30×25 in. By George Romney. Lent by
Rev. G. Stringer Rowe."
ADRIAN WHEELER.

JAPANESE MONKEYS (9th S. xi. 9, 76, 430).—
In my article, ante, p. 431, North Indian Notes
and Queries should be Panjab Notes and
Queries; and in the foot-note on the same
page, for "In a Chinese itinerary of the
fifteenth century, 'Hai-wai-hien-wan-luh,'"
read "In Hwang Sing-Tsang's 'Si-yang-chau-
kung-tien-luh,' 1520.'
KUMAGUSU MINAKATA.

"NOTHING" (9th S. xi. 166, 333, 395, 452).I think that all that is wanting to the riddle quoted by MR. PAGE is the third line, That which contented men desire,

the line

The poor possess, the rich require, being the fourth.

C. L. S. THE JANSENIST CRUCIFIX (9th S. xi. 427).I have always heard that the Jansenists adopted that form of the crucifix in which the Crucified is represented with His arms stretched almost straight above His head to symbolize their doctrine of Particular Redemption-i.e., the doctrine that Christ did not die for all men, but only for the elect. The Catholic crucifix-at any rate at the present day-has the arms extended wide to symbolize Universal Redemption.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

M. Julien Vinson, Bascophile, once showed me in his room at Paris three Jansenist crucifixes. They differ from those of the usual Roman type in that the hands are placed much nearer together on the cross, so that the Lord's body forms a Y rather than a T. A Bask priest said to me that the makers of such images seemed to think that Jesus wished to embrace as few souls as possible.

E. S. DODGSON.

This symbol differs from that usually seen in the arms being extended straight above the head (the wrists being in a line), and

Again, in The Squire's Tale,' 11. 648-50, Chaucer mentions, amongst other false birds, the owls, and says that beside them, in scorn, were painted "pyes," i.e., magpies, in order "to cry out upon the owls and chide them."

See also, in particular, the thirteenthcentury poem entitled 'The Owl and the Nightingale,' from which long extracts are given at pp. 171-93 of Morris's 'Specimens of Early English.'

The owl, according to Hamlet, was a baker's daughter; but that is another story.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

The mobbing of owls by other birds when they appear abroad in the daytime is alluded to in one of Gay's 'Fables,' part i., 1726, Fable xli., 'The Owl and the Farmer.'

"Somerset. And he that will not fight for such a hope, Go home to bed, and like the owl by day, If he arise, be mock'd and wonder'd at.

Shakespeare, '3 Henry VI.,' V. iv. "Had this fowl come forth in the daytime, how had all the little birds flocked wondering about her, to see her uncouth visage, to hear her untuned notes."-Joseph Hall's Occasional Meditations.'

"That small birds, generally speaking, have a great dislike to owls is clear from the uproar that takes place if an unfortunate owl is disturbed in

the daytime, and compelled to appear in broad daylight, pursued, as it is sure to be, by a host of them, who persecute it by every means in their power.

And we may therefore conclude, that they either York, now unified. As a Scotchman born, take it for their real enemy, the hawk, or that it though except for my name, which seems a does, now and then when it can, feast upon any of them which may by accident fall' into its clutches." sweet morsel in his mouth, your correspondent -Stanley, Familiar History of Birds,' 1835, i. 186. could not know this, I detected the sound "One of the oldest of the Welsh fables, which, in the word, and naturally sought for some accounting [sic] for the nocturnal habits of the owl other meaning than the name of a month, and bat, and more especially for the scorn with which and this I think is to be found naturally other birds treat them, teaches us how the dove and the bat being on a journey together, and coming enough in the significant word lilium, a late in the evening to the dwelling of the chief of term used in fortification, and substituted the owls, sought and received a shelter. Then, for it when there was a wave of ill feeling supper being ended, the bat broke forth into a loud against continental nations. Guicciardini and laudatory strain on the wisdom and virtues of tells us that the chief council of Henry VII. their entertainer, attributing to him qualities which was an Italian, and it is reasonable to it was well known he never possessed. This over, the dove, with modest dignity, simply thanked the suppose that all things Italian were in favour owl for his attentions and hospitality, on which both in 1503, even to the names of sally-ports. the Amphitrion and the parasite flew violently at We have some such species of defence her, accusing her of insulting ingratitude, and so in Scott's Quentin Durward,' the plot of drove her out into the dark and stormy night. which novel is laid about that time. This When the morning dawned, the dove flew to the is my direct reply. But what I wrote to court of her king, who, in great wrath, passed an edict, enacting that from thenceforth the owl and N. & Q.' for was that my inquiry might the bat should never presume to fly abroad until elicit some further light on this matter the sun was down, under pain of being attacked from some of the learned people into and beaten by all other birds. For a corroboration of this tradition, we need only observe the conduct whose hands your very widely read paper of the small birds when a hapless owl-which has falls week after week the wide world over. so numerous a family, that the short summer nights We have, annually, also a gala (with an Engwill scarcely enable her to supply them with food-lish, not a Gaelic a) held in June, but no one ventures to steal forth when the sun is a little speaks of anything but a gala, so I very clouded over at noon, to satisfy the cravings of her much doubt whether July-the month-is hunger."-Chambers's Edin. Journal, 1851, xv. 253. of a princess, or is a substitute for some really a memento of the coming and going more remote name such as I have suggested. In my humble opinion it is an archeological question, and thought bestowed upon it may bring new facts to light and improve our knowledge. But the tone must be kept pure and free from personality, for the writer, though not a professional scribe, represents a class of people who only occasionally venture into the literary arena, with, it may be, only one idea, and that is to contribute an item to the general stock. P. M. CAMPBELL.

I should like to learn the origin and approximate date of this Welsh fable.

ADRIAN WHEELER.

For birds gathering about the owl see Elian, 'De Natura Animalium,' i. 29: Kain γλαὺξ νύκτωρ ἀγρυπνεῖ, &c., τοὺς ὄρνιθας ἕλκει kai kaliçe Tλnoiov avrns (=aves allicit easque sibi adsidere facit), &c.

Munich.

DR. MAX MAAS.

GILLYGATE AT YORK (9th S. xi. 406, 457).ST. SWITHIN answers my question by asking another, which is said to be characteristic of a Scotchman, but ST. SWITHIN is no Scotchman, or he would know that for the first half of the last century the name of the month of July, which figures so prominently in the tablet attached to the gate or archway in the wall of St. Mary's Abbey, was pronounced jilly, with a soft g, not as in gillie in Gaelic. This he avoids, and pitches upon St. Giles, because Francis Drake mentions it as a tradition that as St. Egystus bequeathed his name to him, so he gave his name to the street called Gillygate, and not to the arch or gateway aforesaid. But I have sufficient knowledge of bricks to know that there is not a brick in this short street, which runs parallel with the city walls, that is much more than two hundred years old. This was part of Bootham, one of the forty parishes of

33, Vyner Street, York.

"Gillygate is a street......so called from a parish church which antiently stood in it, dedicated to St. Giles"; so says Drake in his Eboracum,' 1736, p. 255. It is not a solitary instance. The borough and manor of St. Giles, near the city of Durham, comprise a street called Gilligate, in which stands the church of St. Giles. The name Gilligate is taken, almost certainly, from that of the patron saint of the parish church. The borough and manor were known as of St. Giles and "of Gilligate" interchangeably. There was also a bridge in the immediate neighbourhood which was known as Giles Bridge or Gillsbridge. See more in Surt. Soc. Publ., xcv. and xxxviii. 221, 277.

W. C. B.