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LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 31, 1903.

CONTENTS.-No. 266.

NOTES:-Historical Crux, 81-Jubilee of the Field,' 82Merry Tales, 84-Dr. Edmond Halley, 85" Paan," a

Loincloth - Church Briefs - "Suburbanite" — Purcell's 'Life of Manning,' 86.

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NOTES ON BOOKS :-Besant's 'London in the Eighteenth Century'-Dayot's Napoléon raconté par l'Image'Bell's Lives and Legends of the Great Hermits and Fathers of the Church-Taylor's Gammer Grethel's Fairy Tales Chiswick Shakespeare"- Clergy Direc

tory and Parish Guide.' Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

HISTORICAL CRUX.

HAVING read in the newspapers some months ago that a stained glass window had been put up in the Roman Catholic Church at Maidstone to the memory of the Irish priest John O'Coigly, or Quigley, who was executed there for treason in 1798, I was induced to read the account of the transaction which is given by Froude in his 'The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century.' I do not enter into the question of the relations of O'Coigly to the English Government, his traitorous intentions, and other surmises of the kind. 'N. & Q.' does not furnish an arena for political or theological controversies, and long may it be free from them! I merely wish to discuss the matter upon historical grounds, and shall be very happy if any reader better informed than myself can clear up the difficulties of the case. I say nothing of the extremely virulent language used by Froude when speaking of O'Coigly and one of his fellowprisoners, Arthur O'Connor. It will suffice to quote the historian's remarks on the latter: he calls him "another Phelim O'Neil, with the polish of cultivation, and with the inner nature of a savage."

The readers of N. & Q' will perhaps remember that O'Coigly was arrested under very suspicious circumstances at Margate at the "King's Head," whence he was about to sail to France, being in treasonable correspondence with the French Government. The real cause of the capital sentence inflicted upon him at Penenden Heath (not Pennington, as Mr. Froude has it, ed. 1882, iii. 369) was that a document was said to have been found in his possession which contained an address to the French Directory, inviting them to send assistance to the Irish rebels. This document was stated to have been discovered in the pocket of a great-coat. Here Froude shows his usual inaccuracy. He speaks of the great-coat as hanging in the room in which the prisoners were arrested; but John Renett, the Bow Street runner (for so these officers were called), says in his evidence, "When I went into the room where Coigly was found, I saw a great-coat lying on a chair on the left hand; as I went into the room Coigly asked if he might take his breakfast." I ought to say here that I have had for many years a copy of the account of the trial published in London just after it occurred (1798), a pamphlet of fifty-one pages. suppose nothing more complete on the subject could be found.

I

Of course I do not deny that O'Coigly and his companions were engaged in what were called treasonable plans; but the evidence was not enough to have convicted him had not the pocket-book furnished the most direct proof. They shuffled and prevaricated, naturally, but Froude acknowledges (iii. 368) that O'Coigly declared on the scaffold that the papers in his pocket had been placed there by other hands, and that he died a murdered man. Froude again says (p. 369), "From the platform below the gallows he repeated firmly and distinctly,' without passion and without extravagance, that he was an innocent man."

The following is Froude's comment on the dying man's conduct :

"So with a certain courage for according to his professed creed he was risking his soul for his revenge-this miserable being, who had been raised by accident into momentary and tragic visibility, was swung off and died."

Let us observe the perversity and malignity of each word of this sentence.

The writer of the present note is one of those who think that O'Coigly spoke the truth on the scaffold. According to this view, the paper had been put into the greatcoat pocket by one of the infamous band of informers who flourished so much at that

time, and indications of whose existence in very recent days have not been wanting. One of the witnesses for the Crown in O'Coigly's trial avowed himself an informer. Was it to be conceived that a conspirator would be so reckless, even if he carried such a document at all, as to leave it carelessly in a great-coat on a chair? Would it not be concealed carefully on his person? And, indeed, what would be the use of carrying such a document at all? Froude (p. 359) very rightly comments upon the absurd bombast it contained, and says, "It seemed like the production of a lunatic." Again, there were no signatures to it to give it any intrinsic value as a document recommending the bearer (it is printed in extenso on p. 8 of the 'Trial'). Even a novice in secret correspondence, such as André, put his treasonable papers in his boots. And of O'Coigly we are told by Froude (p. 357) that he was a ready, busy, cunning person, was skilful in disguises, and had learnt the art of passing to and fro without detection. The historian has just been telling us of O'Coigly's constant visits to France. It seems to me absolutely incredible that the Irish priest could have acted in such an idiotic manner as to carry with him a childish unguaranteed proclamation, and leave it carelessly in a chair while having his breakfast at a public

inn.

It is not a little curious that before the trial began a certain Rev. Arthur Yonge was accused of tampering with the jurors. That gentleman had said that he had been trying to convince them how necessary it was for the security of the realm that the felons should swing (' Trial,' p. 4).

I therefore do not believe that O'Coigly died with a lie in his mouth, just as I do not believe that Arthur O'Connor was a savage, the less so because the Hon. T. Erskine, the Duke of Norfolk, C. J. Fox, Lord John Russell, and Mr. Whitbread spoke in favour of the latter, and no doubt secured his acquittal. The prisoners were five in number: O'Connor, O'Coigly, Binns, Allen, and Leary. Of these only O'Coigly was executed, because in his great-coat the letter was found.

I shall be glad if some readers will furnish any new facts to elucidate this curious case. If more damning facts are known about the prisoners, let them be stated; but it seems to me that Froude, as in so many cases, is here little solicitous about accuracy. We look for the historian, and find the rhetoricianand even in that rhetoric how frequently there is much to offend one's taste! OXONIENSIS.

THE JUBILEE OF THE 'FIELD.'
(Concluded from p. 64.)

AMONG other early contributors to the Field were the Hon. Grantley Berkeley and Du Chaillu. The trophies of the latter, when exhibited in the old office in the Strand, at the corner of Wellington Street now occupied by the Morning Post, created remarkable interest. At a more recent date the late Henry Jones ("Cavendish ") represented whist; Steinitz, the greatest of chess masters, chess; and the late Mr. Dixon Kemp, yachting. Mr. F. Toms succeeded Mr. Walsh as editor. He is described as 66 a walking encyclopædia, and one of the most unassuming of men."

It was John Crockford who purchased the paper for Mr. Cox. He obtained it from Benjamin Webster for a trifling sum, and it proved a very remunerative investment. In a short time the net profits amounted to 20,000l. a year. The management was placed under Crockford's control. He was a splendid man of business, and in 1859 founded the Clerical Directory' which bears his name. In his career he had but one failure. He tried to establish a literary paper, the Critic. To this he brought all his great ability, but after fifteen years he gave it up in despair. I had occasion to call upon him a short time before his death, when we joined in a hearty laugh over his former furious attacks on the Athenæum. "Dilke's Drag he used to call it, and would accuse it of " vulgar insolence and coxcombry" and "the coarsest vulgarity." As we parted he said, "You have the Athenæum to be proud of, and we have the Field." His sudden death on the 13th of January, 1865, was a loss which seemed to be almost irreparable, but Mr. Irwin E. B. Cox, who was editor of the County Courts Chronicle and sub-editor of the Law Times, stepped into the breach, gave up his career at the Bar for the time being, and assumed the control. He had as his assistant his cousin, Mr. Horace Cox, who has now the entire responsibility of the large business of Windsor House in his hands. This development has been enormous. The machine room is one of the finest in London, and contains seven rotary machines besides about thirty Wharfedales. These are kept at work almost day and night. The amount of paper used per week is 800 reels, besides 1,200 reams of quad-royal art paper. If the paper duty still existed the amount payable weekly would be 12,180l. Of course, this consumption of paper includes other publications than those issued from Windsor House.