which reference was made to the Basque deity Jainko,—who can say in what strange collocation of letters? I merely suggest these resemblances, but hope they may lead to further and more learned elucidation. Is there any earlier known use of Jingo than Oldham's; and in what varying forms is the name Inigo written in early Basque or Spanish records?

In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries among illiterate people there was plenty of scope for cacographies of all kinds, and Jainko and Inigo may have obtained some kind of correlation. Will PROF. SKEAT be lenient to all this tentative guesswork? JAMES HOOPER.

Norwich.

DR. CHANCE's note has interested

been selected to bear the Duke next day), but I will simply call to mind the fact that Earl Ellesmere, an intimate friend of Wellington's, denied that such a ride took place (Quarterly Review, vol. lxx.). Gleig, who had repeated conversations with the Duke, says he went to bed-a much more sensible thing to do. His words are He ate a hearty dinner, or rather supper, and went early to bed. At two in the morning of the 18th he was up." He further states: "The Duke had received during the night of the 17th several communications from Blücher." When Wellington was at Paris in the following month he was speaking to Sir John Malcolm about the events of June 17, and said :

"I sent Blücher word that I knew I should be attacked

at Waterloo. He said he would be ready on the 19th. I said that would not answer, as I was assured I should be attacked on the 18th, and that I should be satisfied with Bulow's corps. Blücher then wrote or sent word that he would send Bulow's corps and another, and came himself with his whole army to my support.-Kaye's 'Life of Sir John Malcolm.'

me, because it contains, in a way, the same arguments that I employed in a communication that left Bombay three weeks before DR. CHANCE's note appeared. In one point, however, we differ. DR. CHANCE thinks that PROF. SKEAT wrote very positively on the Gengulphus theory; I, on the contrary, considered he wrote with caution. There is one other Not the slightest indication of this ride, or of solution which I beg leave to offer. The discus- any agreement in consequence of it, is shown either sion on 'Ventre St. Gris' showed how anxious in Blücher's official despatch or in his letter to our ancestors were to disguise the sacred name in Muffling on the morning of the 18th. Not a soul all kinds of uncouth forms. In English, we have in either army, Prussian or English, was ever such expressions as ""Zounds!" "Odzooks," and, heard, so far as we know, to refer to this extrain Taming of the Shrew,' the strange assevera-ordinary ride, which was performed on a pitch dark tions of "Cock's passion" and "Gogs-wouns. I night, along unknown country roads, in a temtherefore think it possible that an oath by the pestuous rain, when the great English commander most sacred name of all may have been disguised might easily have fallen a victim to any marauding in some meaningless word beginning with a soft j, band of fugitive Prussians or predatory French. and that to this perverted practice we owe the In addition to the above authorities, I will only custom of swearing "by the living Jingo," "by mention one more-that of Wellington himself. Jabers," "" by Jove," and, very likely, "by George." The late Prof. Selwyn, at page 92 of his Jubilee Poem on Waterloo, quotes Baron Gurney's 'Notes of Conversation with the Duke' as follows:

"

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

It may be of interest to note that Jingo, Empress of Japan, conquered the Korea in 201 A.D. Whence did she derive her name? J. E. F.

WATERLOO (8th S. vi. 507). As to Wellington's visit to Blücher, Col. Maurice has lately told all that is known in the United Service Magazine.

true of his having ridden over to Blücher the night "I asked him (says Gurney) whether the story was

before the battle of Waterloo and returned on the same horse. No! (said the Duke) that was not so. I did not see Blücher the day before Waterloo. I saw him the day of Quatre Bras. I saw him after Waterloo and he

kissed me. He embraced me on horseback. I communi

cated with him the day before Waterloo." D.

Mr. Archibald Forbes, in an article on Copenhagen and other Famous Battle Horses,' in the Pall Mall Magazine, August, 1894, refers to Wellington's supposed ride to Wavre on the night of June 17, 1815. Ropes's 'Campaign of Waterloo,' p. 239, also deals with the same subject, and comes to the conclusion that "we must believe that the Duke rode over and saw Blücher the night before the battle." I, for one, decline to believe that Wellington did anything of the kind. I will not go into the probabilities and improbabilities (I think it very probable that if Copenhagen had performed this remarkable feat of endurance on the night of the 17th a fresh charger would have

WATERLOOENSIS.

"THE SEA-BLUE BIRD OF MARCH" (8th S. vi. 367, 414).-MR. DOVETON has so clearly and concisely indentified this bird as the wheatear, that I hope we shall hear no more of its being the kingfisher. The kingfisher is not a migrant; it is with us all the year round, and therefore has no more to do with March than with any other month. But the wheatear arrives in March, and, after breeding, leaves us in the autumn. Tennyson was not professedly an ornithologist, but he was brought up in the country, and so was fairly acquainted with the habits of birds, and he knew that the kingfisher does not flit about bushes. When the

wheatears first arrive, the dorsal plumage of the
cook birds has a bluish-grey colour, which by a
little stretch of fancy may be called sea-blue.
J. DIXON.

"BUTT"=PLAICE (8th S. vi. 449).-This word
is used in Kent: "A small flat fish, otherwise called
the flounder. They are caught in the river at
Sandwich by spearing them in the mud, like eels.
But at Margate they call turbots butts" ('Dict.
Kentish Dialect).
ARTHUR HUSSEY.
Wingham, Dover.

always tell when others are looking at me, and I can generally tell whether they are looking at me in kindness or the reverse. My sense of hearing is extremely sensitive, and through it I can read character in the tones of the voices of men and women round me. I can also I have certain instincts for which I have no exact name, discern character accurately in the touch of the hand. which sometimes make me foresee future events. My senses of touch and smell are excessively delicate; the former [sic] gives me the keenest pleasure in flowers and in their different scents; the latter [sic] is of much practical use to me. I can knit the finest silk in the most intricate stitches, and I have invented for myself a watch by which I can, by feeling, tell the time to a minute." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road,

Butt means flounder, not plaice. MR. CLARK will find the word under "Flounder" in Yarrell's 'History of British Fishes,' 1836, vol. ii. p. 215. "It is common at Berwick and Yar-ning between Westminster and New Cross vid About five years ago I entered a tramcar runmouth, at which latter place it is called butt, a Peckham; opposite to me sat a blind man; before northern term." The word, however, occurs in a much earlier work, namely, Harrison's Historicall the car reached its destination he rose from his Description of the Iland of Britaine,' 1586, p. 224. seat and walked to the end. The conductor reSpeaking of fishes, he mentions the flat kind, and marked that he was a daily passenger, and always says, "Of the first [kind] are the plaice, the but, rose when a certain point was reached, so that the turbot," &c., thus specially distinguishing one fish If he went by the Kent Road tram he did in like car stopped opposite the turning he went down. manner, with greater exactness than many persons who could see. J. DEAN. Croydon.

from the other.

J. DIXON.

Halliwell, in his 'Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words,' gives the meaning "a flounder or plaice," and the following references for examples of its use: "Butte fysshe, plye,' Palgrave, f. 22. See Harrison's 'Description of England,' p. 224 Havelock, 759; Howard, Household Books,' p. 120." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road,

Butt, in the form of halibutt or halibut (the choice sort fit for holy days) is well known on the bills of fare of London taverns. KILLIGREW.

A BLIND PERSON'S SENSE OF HEARING (8th S. vi. 348, 435).-Alice King, a daughter of the Vicar of Cutcombe, Somersetshire, who for a quarter of a century had contributed to the pages of the Argosy, was entirely blind at the age of seven. Shortly before her death she wrote a slight sketch of her life. This was published in the Argosy (lviii.) from which the following is an extract :"Throughout my whole life my blindness has had this remarkable feature in it. I always have before my eyes a brilliant light, so that the whole air around me seems as it were incandescent; I appear to be walking in light. In this light I can call up at will all sorts of beautiful colours which I see mingled with the radiance, and forming part of it. Thus my blindness has always been for me in a certain way brightness. As I grew older there came to me other abnormal peculiarities which have been mercifully sent as compensations. I can

vi. 77, 514).-Perhaps your correspondent does
"A MUTUAL FRIEND" (8th S. v. 326, 450, 492;
not think that the term "mutual admiration" is
wrong. But I do not quite see why he should
have introduced it under the above heading unless
he does think so. No objection is made to
"mutual friendship." But "mutual friend" is
thought wrong. Shelley has "mutual mother."

And Earth, their mutual mother, does she groan
To see her sons contend?

'Revolt of Islam,' canto 10, s. i.
E. YARDLEY.
"HOUSE"-LIVING-

"HOUSE-PLACE '"" AND
ROOM (8th S. vi. 369)." House-place "=living-
room was fifty years ago, and still is in many
places, the old homely term in Derbyshire for the
most-used room for general purposes in farm-
houses and cottages alike. The house-place was
on the lower floor, front or back of the house,
where the spare time of all was spent, female
where the family met, the meals were served, and
servants included, where they were kept. The
here; the house-place was the living-room in
boiling, baking, and cooking generally was done
reality. Rougher work was done in the kitchen
or scullery. In larger houses the other lower room
was the parlour, and if there were two, the second
was the best parlour, in which the old family
treasures were kept, and the parlour was used only
as the reception-room for occasional visitors; the
best parlour only on occasions of weddings, chris-
tenings, comings of age, and deaths. Twice a year
only would the parlour and best parlour be

tion of a from aw to ah has to be taken into account. Two or three centuries ago the pronunciation at Constantinople was bashaw, and through the Italian this was communicated to our stage in the seventeenth century, where it is always a Turkish bashaw. In my early years I heard aw from the old émigrés and Frenchmen of the time of Louis XV. and Louis XVI., as I have stated formerly in 'N. & Q.' HYDE CLARKE.

may

wore his red coat probably as an officer of Bengal
Native Infantry. Perhaps the words read as
"Third Hussars be susceptible of another
reading. Perhaps the clue given above may lead
to a more interesting solution, in which case I shall
KILLIGREW.
be glad to be corrected.

I am afraid that the writing at the back of the miniature-viz., "Major John Fairfax, 3rd Hussars, Calcutta, died 1782"-does not correspond with the portrait, judging from the description of the uniform. At the above date there were no regi

SIR MARTIN WRIGHT (8th S. vi. 108, 233).Perhaps the following may be of service: "Guize (Gen.) and Heroot (Mr.), Plain Narrative or Truements of hussars in the army, and at no period State of the Case between, 4to., 1751. Respecting a marriage settlement. The Tract dedicated to Matthew Woodford, Esq., of Southampton." The above is taken from 'Bibliotheca Hantoniensis,' but I have not seen a copy.

VICAR.

ROBERT POLLOK (8th S. vi. 163, 237, 270, 318, 395, 417).-It may comfort the manes of this young and pious bard to know that there is at least one of your correspondents who is not ashamed to own himself a reader of 'The Course of Time.' May I ask any one who is not, to turn to book iv., and to study the character there given of Lord Byron,

A man of rank and of capacious soul,

Who riches had, and fame beyond desire, &c.,

did any of our hussar regiments wear red coats
with green facings. My experience is that it is
not by any means uncommon to find miniatures
incorrectly described at the back. If MR. Drury
will submit the miniature to the inspection of some
person acquainted with the uniforms worn by the
army from time to time, it will not be difficult to
assign a date, or, at all events, to be within ten
years of the date of its production.
S. M. MILNE.

There must be some mistake here, for not only was there no such Hussar regiment as the 3rd until 1862, but there was no one of the name of Fairfax in the British army between 1772 and 1782. In this latter year the 3rd Dragoons were quartered in England.

HAROLD MALET, Colonel.

MEANING OF QUOTATION (8th S. vi. 447).-Tasso in the verse quoted does but follow Virgil, who in the tenth Eclogue says that all shade is injurious, both to the voice of the shepherd who sings beneath it and to the crops, but especially the shade of the juniper. Evelyn wonders at this condemnation of so beneficial a tree; and certainly Virgil seems in this instance to be at variance with common opinion, both ancient and modern.

and he will no longer deny to the author the For in tradition and folk-lore alike the juniper possession of considerable poetical power.

Clevedon.

G. L. FENTON.

figures largely as a protective tree. It gave shelter to the Madonna and Child, it drives away evil spirits and venomous beasts, it protects from witchcraft, it tames horses, it purifies the air, and even by its odour baffles the hound and so saves the hare from his pursuit. All this, and more, in addition to its purely medicinal virtue, which is C. C. B. really considerable.

GERMAN POETRY (8th S. vi. 489).-The author of the passage is Withof, whose Moral Poems appeared in 1755, and are quoted, with this very in Moses Mendelssohn's Writings,' vol. iv. pt. i. p. 163 (12mo., Leipzig, 1844).

'Collected

MAJOR JOHN FAIRFAX (8th S. vi. 448).—John Fairfax, of the East India Company's service, Bengal Presidency, was a cadet of 1767, received his first commission July 26 of the same year, and became a major July 27, 1781. He went home with Government despatches in 1782, and died Jan. 2, 1784. As the inscription on the back of the portrait in question records the death of the original, it cannot have been there in its entirety when he made the gift, may have been written at any later date, and is evidently erroneous. "3rd Hussars" did not become hussars till 1861, and did not go to India till 1837, being then CITY CHURCH REGISTERS (8th S. vi. 421). designated light dragoons. In the time of John-MR. CLARK has evidently misunderstood the Fairfax they were dragoons, without qualification, inquiry of your correspondent as to the transcripts and, indeed, wore red coats. But John Fairfax of City registers; but since a list of printed

The

passage,

Oxford.

H. KREBS.

St. Edmund, the King and Martyr, Lombard Street. Edited by William Brigg, B.A., full transcript, 1670-names of several ships, with their captains, during 1812. Leeds, 1892, 8vo.