fatigable ardour with which he pursued his studies is shown by the number of his works, which altogether amount to more than 150, great and small. use of the masters and fellows of Pembroke Hall, Cam- Among the more important arc-Numophylacium orientale Pototianum, 1818; De numorum Bulgharicorum fonte antiquissimo, 1816; Das Huhammedanische Münzkabinet des Asiatischen Museum der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St Petersburg, 1821; Numi cufici ex variis muscis selecti, 1823; Notice d'une centaine d'ouvrages arabes, &c., qui manquent en grande partie aux bibliothèques de l'Europe, 1834; and Nova Supplementa ad recensionem Num. Muham. Acad. Imp. Sci. Petropolitana, 1855 (posthumous). A description of some medals struck by the Samanid and Bouid princes (Kasan. 1804) deserves special mention, as the author composed it in Arabic because he had no Latin types at command. FRAMLINGHAM, a market town of England in the county of Suffolk, about 4 miles north-east of Ipswich. It is the terminus of a branch railway, and has a corn exchange, a people's hall, and a newspaper office. The church is a fine old building mostly in the Perpendicular style, constructed of black flint stone, and surmounted by a tower 96 feet high. In the interior there are a number of interesting monuments, among which the most noticeable are those of Thomas Howard, third duke of Norfolk, and of Henry Howard, the famous earl of Surrey who was beheaded by Henry VIII. The castle forms a picturesque ruin, consisting of the outer walls 44 feet high and 8 feet thick, 13 towers about 58 feet high, a gateway, and some outworks. About half a mile from the town is the Albert Memorial Middle Class College, opened in 1865, and capable of accommodating 300 boys. A bronze statue of the FRANCAVILLA, a town of Italy, in the province of Prince Consort by Durham adorns the front terrace. The Lecce, about 21 miles W.S.W. of Brindisi, sometimes population of the parish in 1871 was 2569. Framlingham called Francavilla Fontana, to distinguish it from Francadates, according to tradition, from the time of Redwald, king villa in Sicily and other towns of the same name. It of the East Angles, but its history is of doubtful authen- stands in a very beautiful situation, and is regularly built, ticity till the Norman period. The castle was successively with wide streets and handsome if somewhat heavy looking held by the Bigods, the Mowbrays, and the Howards. On houses. There are a cathedral, a college, and several hospitals the attainder of Thomas Howard, it was seized by the and conventual buildings. The town was founded in the king, and it thus became for a time the residence of Queen 15th century and owes its name to the freedom from taxaMary of England. Though restored to the Howard family tion which was granted for ten years to all who made it by James I., it was suffered to fall into decay, and in 1635 their place of residence. In 1734 it suffered considerably it was sold, along with the park and the advowson of the from an earthquake. The population of the town in 1871 living, to Sir Robert Hitcham, who left the whole to the was 16,997, and that of the commune 19,052. THE FRANCE PART I-GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. I. Situation and Extent.-Face of the Country.Climate and Soil. THIS important part of continental Europe extends from the 43d to the 51st degree of north latitude, and from longitude 7° 35′ E. to longitude 4° 43′ W. The boundaries of France are on the N. the English Channel (Manche), the Straits of Dover (Pas-de-Calais), Belgium, and Luxembourg; on the E. Germany (Alsace-Lorraine), Switzerland, and Italy; on the S. the Mediterranean and Spain; on the W. the Atlantic Ocean. From north to south its length is about 576 miles, measured from Dunkirk to the Col de Falguères; its breadth from east to west is about 494 miles, from Mont Donon to Cape SaintMathieu at the extremity of Brittany, which projects into | the Atlantic, like a wedge, and without which France would approach in form to a square; and its superficial extent, including Corsica and the small islands on the coasts, is 204,147 English square miles, nearly twice the total area of the British Isles. Though in point of extent of coast and ready access from the interior to the sea France is far inferior to Great Britain and Ireland, it is, on the other hand, more fortu nate in these respects than the vast inland territories of Austria and Russia,-its coast-line extending 395 miles on the Mediterranean, 572 on the North Sea, the Straits of Dover, and the Channel, and 584 on the Atlantic. The country has the advantage likewise of being separated from its neighbours by natural barriers of great strength, the Pyrenees forming a powerful bulwark on the southwest, the Alps on the south-east, and the Jura and the Vosges mountains on the east. The boundary line on the side of Belgium is the only one which nature has left unprotected. Orography.-The line which separates the basins of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic runs to the north from the Pyrenees through the Cevennes and Vosges, and finally joins the Alps in the south-east. The most remarkable summits in the Pyrenees are the Pic du Midi d'Ossau (9734 feet), not far from the favourite town of Pau, the Pic d'Anie (8219 feet), the cirque of Gavarnie, Mont Néthou (11,168 feet), Mont Perdu (10,995 feet), the Pic Long (10,476 feet), the Vignemale (10,820 feet), the Tour de Marboré (9861 feet). An offshoot of the Pyrenees, the Corbières, deserves mention, on account of the huge granitic mass that it contains, called the Canigou. The Cevennes are about 600 kilometres (373 miles) in length, lying between the Rhone on the east and the Garonne and Loire on the west; here, proceeding from south to north, we have Mont Naurouze, the Pic of Montaut (3412 feet), the Malpertus (5512 feet), the Hort de Dieu (5135 feet), Mont Pila (4474 feet, Vivarais), Gerbier des Jones (5121 feet), Mézenc (5820 feet), Tararo (4757 feet), Haute-Joux (3262 feet, Charolais). Smaller chains detach themselves from the Cevennes, among which may be noticed the Montagnes d'Auvergne, the Plomb du Cantal (6095 feet), the Puy-de-Saucy (6220 feet), the Puy-de-Dôme (4806 feet), the Mount Dore (6187 feet), the mountains of Limousin, and those of Velez, Forez, and Madeleine. The Vosges, which reach no great height, trend northward between the Rhine and the Moselle. Their ramifications are the hills of Belfort, the Faucilles mountains, the Langres plateau, the Montagnes de la Côte d'Or, which are continued by the mountains of Morvan, the Orleans plateau, and the hills of Picardy, Normandy, and Brittany. The Vosges end in the north with the Argonne and the Ardennes, which separate the Seine from the Meuse. The Jura is a chain of the Alps extending between the Rhine and the Rhone from the north-east to south-west. Its principal summits are the Crêt de la Neige (5656 feet), the Reculet (5630 feet), Mont Tendre (5518 feet), and the Dôle (5514 feet). Mont Blanc (15,780 feet), the highest mountain in Europe, is in the Alps of Savoy, which project the Graian Alps, the mountains of Maurienne (Mount Cenis), the Cottinn Alps, the Maritime Alps, the Alps of Dauphiné, and the Alps of Provence. As may be seen from these particulars, the surface of France exhibits, in general, an advantageous succession of high and low ground. Less level than Poland, the north of Germany, or the greater part of Europeau Russia, it is, on the whole, less mountainous than Spain or Italy, and may with great propriety be compared to England, with this distinction that, whilst in the latter the mountainous tracts are in the north and west, in France they are in the south and east. Throughout Flanders, Picardy, Normandy, and the countries to the north and south of the Loire, we find plains, diversified occasionally by hills (either insulated or rising in succession), but having none of those massy elevations entitled to the name of mountains. The south and east of France, on the contrary, are rugged and elevated tracts, and may be said to be to that country what Wales and Scotland are to Great Britain. Hydrography. The course of the great rivers is easily connected with this view of the surface of the territory of France. With the exception of the Rhone, they all flow either from south to north or from east to wes' and dis charge themselves into the North Sea, the Channel, and the Atlantic. The Rhine, which not long ago formed the boundary Letween France and Germany, has part of its basin in France; the Moselle, one of its affluents, takes its source in the Vosges (Ballon d'Alsace), and waters Remiremont, Épinal, Toul, and Pont-à-Mousson, before enter ing the German territory; the Valogne, the Meurthe, and the Seille are its tributaries. The Meuse rises not far from Bourbonne-les-Bains, and becomes a Belgian river at Givet. During its course, it receives on its right bank the Chiers and the Semoy, and on its left the Bar and the Sambre. The Escaut (or Scheldt) has its source near Le Catelet (Aisne), and leaves France after having watered Cambrai, Valenciennes, and Condé; the upper courses of its two affluents, tho Scarpe and the Lys, also belong to France. The Somme, which receives the Avre, rises near St Quentin, and empties itself into the Channel between St Valery and Le Crotoy. The Seine, one of the four large rivers of France, the others being the Loire, the Garonne (Gironde). and the Rhone, descends from the Langres plateau, flows north-west down to Méry, turns to the west, resumes its north-westerly direction at Montereau, passes through Paris, and discharges itself into the Channel between Le Havre and Houfleur above Rouen and Quillebœuf. Its affluents are, on the right, the Aube, the Marne (which joins the Seine at Charenton near Paris, after having received the Ourcq and the Saulx), the Oise (which has its source in Belgium and is enlarged by the Aisne), and the Epte; on the left the Youne, the Loing, the Essonne, the Eure, and the Rille. The Orne is a short river, which waters Argentan and Caen (Normandy), and flows into the Channel. The Vilaine, not much more considerable, passes Rennes, Redon, and La Roche-Bernard (Brittany), near which it falls into the Atlantic. The Loire rises in Mount Gerbier des Joncs, in the range of the Vivarais mountains, flows due north to Nevers, then turns to the north-west as far as Orléans, where it takes its course towards the south-west, and lastly from Saumur runs west, till it reaches the Atlantic between Paimbœuf and St Nazaire. It passes through several large towns, as Nevers, Orléans, Tours, Angers, and Nantes On the right the Loire receives the waters of the Furens, the Aroux, the Nièvre, the Maine (formed by the Mayenne and the Sarthe with its affluent the Loir), and the Erdre, which joins the Loire at Nantes; on the left, the Allier (which receives the Dore and the Sioule), the Loiret, the Cher, the Indre, the Vienne with its affluent the Creuse, the Thouet, and the Sèvro-Nantaise. The Loire, the longest of French rivers, is navigable for about 512 miles of its course. It is often in many places dried up during the hot season of the year, while, on the other hand, it is subject to frequent and disastrous floods at the time when the snows melt in the upper valleys, or as a consequence of the long rains of autumn. The Charente descends from Chérounac (Haute-Vienne), traverses Angou lême, and falls into the Atlantic not far from Rochefort. The Garonne rises in the valley of Aran (Spanish Pyrences), enters Frauce near Bagnères-de-Luchon, has first a northwest course, then bends to the north cast, and soon resumes its first direction. It flows through Toulouse, Agen, and Bordeaux, and joins the Atlantic between Royan and the Point de Grave, opposite the tower of Cordouan. In the lower part of its course, from the Bec-d'Ambez, where it receives the Dordogne, it becomes considerably wider, and takes the name of Gironde. The principal affluents are the Ariége, the Tarn with the Aveyron and the Agout, the Lot, and the Dordogne, which descends from the Mont Dorc-les-Bains, and joins the Garonne at Bec-d'Ambez, to form the Gironde. All these afHuents are on the right; the Gers, is the only one of note which joins it on the left. The Adour rises near the lic-du-Midi in the Pyrenees, and discharges itself into the Bay of Biscay at Bayoune; the mass of its waters is much increased in winter by several mountain streams, of which the Gavo de Pau, the Didouze, and the Nive may be mentioned. The Hérault is the first river of France which runs south and discharges itself into the Mediterraucan. It comes from the Mont Laigonat in the Cevenues, and debouches into the Gulf of Lyons. The Rhone, the source of which is in Mount St Gotthard, in Switzerland, enters Frauce by the narrow de filo of L'Ecluse, and has a somewhat meandering course, first flowing south, then north-west, and then west as far as Lyons, whence it runs straight south till it reaches the Mediterranean, into which it discharges itself by two principal branches, which form the delta or stand of the Camargue. Lyons, Vienne, Valence, Aviguon, Beaucaire, Arles, are the chief towns passed by the impetuous waters of the Rhone. The Ain, the Saône (which passes through Mâcon, receives the Doubs, and joins the Rhone at Lyons), the Ardèche, and the Gard are the affluents on the right, on the left we may mention the Arve, the Isère, the Drôme, and the Durance. The Var, a large and rapid strean, and the south winds do considerable damage both to the Savole; Haute-Savoie. (a.) Granite and Schist. Central Plateau.-Part of Nièvre (E.) and of Saône-et-Loire (W.); Rhône; Loire; descends from Mont Caméléon (Alpes Maritimes), and | north-north-west), the east wind blowing from the Alps, flows into the Mediterranean near Saint-Laurent-du-Var. Lakes.-France has very few lakes. The Lake of Geneva, which forms 32 miles of the frontier, belongs to Switzerland. The most important French lake is that of Grand-Lieu, between Nantes and Paimbœuf (LoireInférieure), which presents a surface of 17,300 acres. We may also mention the lakes of Bourget and Annecy (both in Savoy), St Point (Jura), Paladru (Isère), and Nantua (Ain). The lakes, or étangs, of Villers (Cher), Indre, Stock, Condrexange (Meurthe), Horre (Aube), Chaussée (Meuse), Alpes. Part of Isère (S.E.); Drôme; Hautes-Alpes; part of Basses-Alpes (E.); Ploërmel (Morbihan), La Pelaque (Maine-et-Loire) are artificial creations. The coasts present a number of maritime inlets, forming inland bays, which communicate with the sea by channels of greater or less width, Some of these are on the south-west coast, in Clascony, as Carcans, Lacanau, Biscarosse, Cazan, Sanguinet; but more are to be found in the south and south-east, in Languedoc and Provence, as Leucate, Sigean, Thau, Maguelonne, Berre, Courthezon, Citis, Pourra, &c. Their want of depth prevents them from serving as roadsteads for shipping, and they are useful chiefly for fishing, or for the manufacture of bay-salt. Forests-The artificial or ornamental plantations of France are much fewer in number than those of England, its natural forests far more numerous, the total extent of ground covered by wood being computed at 32,250 square miles, about one-sixth of the surface of the country. There are forests in almost every department. Lower Normandy contains several of considerable extent. There is a large one at Fontainebleau, only 45 miles from Paris, and a larger to the north of the Loire, in the vicinity of Orléans The department of Ardennes and the mountainons tract that forms the boundary of France on the side of Switzerland abound in forests. The state possesses 991,766 hectares (3830 square miles); 1,903,258 hectares (7348 square miles) belong to the communes or to public institutions, and are managed by the state; the rest are private property. They represent a total value of about three thousand millions of francs (£120,000,000 sterling), the annual revenue of which exceeds 38,000,000 francs. Climate.-The climate of France is generally temperate, but by no means uniform. The division into the north, west, south, and central regions, although it seems the most natural, does not satisfactorily correspond to the actual differences. A more convenient division is that of the fol lowing four regions or zones: the region in which the olive tree is cultivated, which is limited by a line from Bagnères de-Luchon (Haute-Garonne) to Die (Isère); the region of the maize, or Indian corn, from the mouth of the Gironde to Raon-L'Étape (Vosges); the region of the vine, from the mouth of the Loire to Mézières (Ardennes); and the northern region, which is characterized by the culture of the apple-tree. These limits are, however, far from being absolute; the Indian corn, for example, is successfully cultivated in Brittany, and vineyards are to be found much farther north than the mouth of the river Loire. The north and north-west of France bear a great resemblance, both in temperature and produce, to the south of England, rain occurring frequently, and the country being consequently fit for pasture. In the interior the rains are less frequent, but, when they occur, are far more heavy, so that there is much less difference in the annual rainfall there as compared with the rest of the country than in the number of rainy days; but, on the whole, the climate of the interior is the most pleasant in France, tliat region being exempt equally from the oppressive heat of the south and the frequent humidity of the north. The great current of wind which prevails in France blows from west to east, from the Atlantic, over the whole surface of the country, except the lower basin of the Rhone, where the mistral (a cold wind coming from the Ardennes. Part of Ardennes (N.) Bretagne.-Part of Orne (W.); Mayenne; part of Maine-et-Loire (W.) and of Deux- Causses-Part of Lozère (S.) and of Aveyron (S.) Haut Poitou-Part of Vienne (S.), of Charente (N.) and of Deux-Sèvres (N.) 3. Level Tracts. Champagne-Aube; Marne; Ardennes. Neustrie-Nord; Alsne; Seine-et-Marne; part of Yonne (N.W.); Pas-de-Calais; Somme; Olse; Seine-et-Olse; Seine; Loiret; Cher; Seine-Inférieure; Eure; Aquitaine. Part of Tarn (W.) and of Aude (N.W.); Tarn-et-Garonne; part of Limagne. Part of Allier (W.) and of Puy-de-Dôme (central part). (N.W.) The following table shows the same districts classified according to the nature of their soils. It will be remarked that the Tertiary rock forms nearly the third part of France, whilst the coalfields are scarcely the two-hundredth part of it. Primitive rock-Vendée, part of Brittany, part of the Maures, the Vosges, and part of the Alps-10,371,000 hectares (39,943 square miles). Pyrenees-6,245,700 hectares (24,115 square miles). Tertiary rock-The greater part of Neustrie, Limagne, Aquitaine, Bresse, part of Languedoc, Provence, and some places in Brittany and Vendée-14,853,500 hectares (57,350 square miles). Volcanic rock.-Several masses in the central plateau, and various places in the Alluvial soils.-These are to be found in all valleys, but chiefly near Dunkirk and Hectares. Square Miles 4,268,750 16,481 ... 2,282,885 8,611 1,098 28,148 284,454 7,290,238 nature of the soil, the Hectares, Square Miles. .25,500,675 96,460 Meadowland............... 8,159,179 19,920 Vineyards.... Roads, streets, publie walks, and built lands..... 1,361,757 2,088,048 8,062 5.157 787,587 2,837 Orchards and gardens....... 627,704 2,423 Chestnut plantations.. 559,029 2,158 Olive, almond, and mulberry plantations......... 109,263 421 775.783 2955 The annual increase of population in France between 1801 and 1876 has been very small. Allowing for the alterations in extent of territory which took place in 1860 and in 1871, it amounts to about 0.43 per cent.; so that while in England the population during the same period has been doubling in about 53 years, it would require 161 years to bring about a similar result in France. The census of 1876 returned 18,373,639 males and 18,532,149 females, of whom 9,805,761 males and 8,944,386 females were single. In 1874 there were 954,652 births, 981,709 deaths, and 303,113 marriages; of the births 69,294 were illegitimate, and 44,613 were children stillborn. Population is not so dense in France as in the United Kingdom, the proportions being about 181 and 270 inhabitants respectively to the square mile. The following table of the population arranged according to employments (exclusive of children and servants) is taken from the census of 1872: Men. Agriculture...... Manufactures Total Number. 4,664,855 1,305,316 5,970,171 2,673,997 1,308,873 3,982,870 Women. Commerce. 1,181,514 308,754 1,490,268 Liberal professions Persons living on their in come The first of the following tables shows the population for 1832, 1851, and 1876 of the towns in France that had upwards of 50,000 inhabitants in the last-mentioned year : Marseilles (Fr.Marseille) Bordeaux.... St Etienne...... Havre-de-GiAce.... 23,816 26,410 85,407 Roubaix ..... ... 31,038 14,946 Brest..... Nancy...... Amiens.. Toulon Limoges.... 27,070 87,010 55,097 Rennes..... " merely to state from a geographical and statistical point of view how France is now governed and administered. The law of the 25th February 1875 confirmed in France the republican government which had existed from the fall of the empire; but the institutions of the country still bear strong evidence of their monarchical origin and tendency. The sovereignty of the people, acknowledged and proclaimed since 1789, is now represented by three powers, the chamber of deputies, the senate, and the president of the republic. The deputies are elected by universal suffrage; each district or "arrondissement' sends one deputy to the chamber, if its population does not exceed 100,000, and an additional deputy for every additional 100,000 inhabitants, or fraction of that number. The senate consists of 300 members, the fourth part of whom were at first elected by the national assembly, and hold office for life, each vacancy being filled up by a vote of the senate. The others arc elected by special bodies formed, in each department and in the colonies, by the deputies, the general councillors, the councillors of arrondissement, and a delegate of each municipal council. They are in office for nine years, and every third year are partly renewed. The president of the republic is chosen for seven years by the senate and chamber of deputies voting together. He promulgates the laws passed by the parliament; he has the command of the land and sea forces, but cannot declare war without the advice of the chambers; he makes treaties of peace, alliance, and commerce, nominates to all Government offices, and has power to dissolve the chamber of deputies, with the sanction of the senate. He receives a yearly salary of 600,000 francs, with an allowance of 162,400 francs for household expenses. Senators and deputies have an allowance of 9000 francs each per annum. It may here be interesting to compare the salary now paid to the president of the republic with the civil list or revenue of the various dynasties which have successively ruled France since the beginning of the century. Louis XVIII. had 15,510,000 francs per annum, and 4,000,000 were allowed to the royal family. Charles X. got 25,000,000 for himself and 7,000,000 for the princes. Louis Philippe was satisfied with 12,000,000 francs a year, and adequate allowances to his children. And lastly, the second empire cost 25,000,000 francs a year, not including the pensions to the members of the imperial family, the revenues of the palaces, castles, and forests, and those mysterious resources which have become known by the name of virements. Next to these three great powers must be mentioned the council of state, presided over by the minister of justice, and composed of a vice-president, 22 councillors in ordinary service, 15 councillors in extraordinary service, representing the different ministers, 24 maîtres des requêtes, 20 auditors of first class, 10 auditors of second class, a general secretary having the title and rank of a maître des requêtes, and a secrétaire du contentieux. The auditors are appointed after a competitive examination; the councillors in ordinary service are elected by the chamber, and the other members of the council of state are nominated by the president of the republic. The business of the council is to give its advice on the projects of law which the parliament or the Government wish to submit to it, and on administrative regulations and bye-laws. All disputes arising in matters of administration, and all claims or complaints against administrative officials, are brought before the council of state, whose decision is final. The vice-president receives a salary of 25,000 francs, the presidents of sections or committees 18,000 francs, the councillors 16,000, the maîtres des requêtes 8000 francs, and the auditors of first class 4000 francs; auditors of second class have no remuneration. The executive department of the Government is adminis tered by the president of the republic and his cabinet coun cil, consisting of nine ministers, viz.:—the minister of jus tice and keeper of the seals; the minister of foreign affairs; the minister of the interior; the minister of finance; the minister of war; the minister of marine and colonies; the minister of public instruction, ecclesiastical affairs, and the fine arts; the minister of agriculture and commerce; and the minister of public works. They are appointed by the president of the republic, and are responsible to the chamber. They receive a salary which has been reduced from 100,000 to 60,000 francs, and may live, if they choose, in the "hôtels" where the duties of their ministry are discharged. Administratively, France is divided into 87 departments cut rather arbitrarily out of the territory of the ancient provinces. These departments are subdivided into 362 "arrondissements," 2865 "cantons," and about 36,000 communes." The table on page 510 contains a list of the departments, with their capital towns and arrondissements, and also a reference to the old division into provinces. Each department is administered by a prefect appointed by the president of the republic, and each arrondissement by a sub-prefect. The prefects are divided into three classes, the salary being 35,000 francs for the first class, 24,000 for the second class, and 18,000 for the third class. The prefect of the Seine has 50,000 francs a-year. The authority of each prefect is great in his own department: he can issue local decrees; he appoints and dismisses a number of agents who depend directly on him; he is at the head of the police to maintain public order, and for this purpose can summon the military forces; he superintends the collection of taxes; he is in correspondence with all the subordinate functionaries in his department, to whom he transmits the orders and instructions of the ministers; in one word, he is the general agent of Government, and the principal instrument of centralization in the state. He is assisted in his work by two bodies, the general council (conseil général), which is elected by universal suffrage, and the council of prefecture, which is noniinated by the head of the executive power. The business of the council of prefecture is to decide all legal questions and to advise the prefect, when asked to do so. The general councils assess the taxes, authorize the purchase, sale, or exchange of departmental property, superintend the management of the same, decide about new roads, railways, or canals, vote the budget for sanitary and charitable institutions belonging to the department, and give advice on every matter of local interest, political questions being strictly excluded. The law of the 23d February 1872, however, has invested them with great political importance; in case of the parliament being violently dissolved by a coup d'état, they must immediately assemble, and form a new parliament with their delegates, in order to oppose by all means the criminal attempt. As the prefect in the department, so the sub-prefect, with a more limited authority, is the representative of the central power in the arrondissement. He is assisted, and to a certain extent controlled, in his work by the council of arrondissement-an elective body to which each canton of the arrondissement sends one member. Except in that case, the canton is not an administrative division. It will be noticed again in connexion with the judicial system of the country. The commune is the administrative unit in France. its head is a mayor assisted by deputy-mayors (adjoints), the number of whom varies according to the population; communes of 2500 inhabitants have one deputy-mayor; up to 10,000 inhabitants they have two, from 10,000 to 30,000 three, and one additional for every 20,000. The mayor has a double part to perform, as he represents both the At |