not full command of his limbs from the knees down. They are quite benumbed and cold. There is little feeling and no motion in the great toe of right foot. Can neither hold a pen in right hand nor straighten the middle finger, but has more power and feeling in the left. Ordered five grains of cit. ferri et strychniæ, in solution, three times daily; rest enjoined; diet to be nourishing; other remedies discontinued.

13th.-Cannot stand without assistance. When attempting to do so, his knees give way under him; cannot raise his feet off the ground, but drags them with difficulty behind him; feels as if a heavy weight were attached to each foot. His arms are equally powerless. The left one is rather worse than the right.

14th. The disease is rapidly extending upward. There is almost entire loss of sensibility and motion in the lower extremities from the hips down. They are cold, heavy, and dead. There is total loss of motion in the genital organs, and he has little power over the rectum, but complete control over the bladder. The fingers shut involuntarily, and he can do no more than half straighten them. The middle finger of left hand is worse than the others. The tongue is coated, and pale; pulse 100, and full. To have at bedtime a powder composed of pulv. rhei, gr. xx.; submur. hydrarg., gr. iii.; soda bicarb., 3 ss.

17th.-Bowels acted freely, but had no control over rectum. On again carefully examining spine, considerable pain is felt, on pressure, over the second and third lumbar vertebre. The numbness extends from that spot down to the toes; in the parts above it, sensibility is perfect. Hands and arms are much the same. Ten leeches to be applied to lower parts of spine; bleeding to be encouraged by hot fomentations; cold evaporating lotions to be afterward applied. Friction to arms and limbs continued. Stop all other medicines.

19th.-Arms and limbs much the same. There is less pain on pressure, and more sensibility in lower part of spine. Tongue coated, and pale; pulse 110, and full. Ordered 3i. of magnes. sulphat., in aqua cinnamomi, 3 iss., with acid. sulphur., gtt. xv., three times daily. Diet to be simple, but nourishing.

21st.-Tongue more natural. There is slight improvement in spine and rectum. Feels a little pain in back part of left thigh and in both calves; in other respects, limbs the same. Hands and arms are stiffer, colder, and more benumbed; and there is slight pain at top of both shoulders. Mustard to nape of neck. Other treatment continued.

23d. There is more tenderness, on pressure, over spine,

and less sensibility and motion in limbs. Pain in shoulders gone, but no improvement in arms. A tissue blister to be applied to each side of third lumbar vertebra.

26th.-Tongue clean; pulse 90. There is no pain, and there is perfect sensibility in spine. No improvement in limbs, but a little in genital organs and sphincter. Cannot raise arms to head, and has little or no feeling in them. Shampooing and friction, with liniment, continued. To have, instead of mixture, one grain of compound extract of colocynth, with half a grain of ext. nucis vom., thrice daily. Mustard to be repeated to nape.

March 1st.-Has perfect control over sphincter. Pulse 80. Tongue good. Feels better in general health, but there is no improvement in other respects.

3d.-There is a little motion in penis, and a slight tingling in both hips. Otherwise, no change. There has been no involuntary twitching of the muscles. To have, instead of the pills, one drachm of the syrup of the superphosphate of iron, quinine and strychnine, three times daily. Ice, by means of the ice-bag, to be applied for an hour daily to the whole length of spine. Gentle friction to be afterward employed; limbs and arms to be enveloped in mustard-cloths for an hour, and afterward to be well shampooed.

6th.-Down to the middle of the hips sensation is unimpaired. There is occasional tingling along course of sciatic nerve down to left knee. There is slight voluntary motion, and a feeling of warmth in both limbs; can raise arms to head, and has more feeling in them down to elbows. There is less sensibility and less motion in right than in the left extremities.

9th. There is complete power of motion in genital organs. Sensation to the middle of the thighs normal; pain and tingling in calves. There is no feeling, and very little motion, from the knees down When attempting to stand, this morning, his knee and ankle-joints suddenly gave way, and he fell heavily on the floor. There is a corresponding improvement in the upper extremities; sensation to middle of forearm normal. Can straighten fingers better.

12th. Considerable uneasiness was felt for two or three minutes on each application of the ice to the spine, but this was soon followed by a tingling sensation along the whole upper and lower extremities, which was pleasant rather than otherwise. Profuse perspiration followed each application. During the diaphoresis, he says he felt much lighter, and for some time afterward had more power in his legs and arms. Sensation and motion perfect as far as the knees, with the exception of a small part on the back of right thigh, which is very numb.

In other respects the same. daily to extremities.

Galvanism to be applied twice

15th. The stiffness and numbness in right thigh disappeared after three applications of the galvanism. Still considerable numbness from knee down; but can move feet and toes much better, and stand without assistance. Has perfect feeling in both arms to the wrist, and can hold for a short time a pen in right hand; has much more power in left. Complains of abdominal fulness. To have at bedtime half a drachm each of rhubarb and carbonate of soda.

19th.-Sensation and motion normal to ankle and wristjoints. In both feet there is a total loss of sensibility; little motion in left, but none in right. Improvement in hands and fingers.

24th.-Walking up and down room without assistance; but has a tendency to fall forward. Can stump about freely and firmly on his knees; feet stiff, but has more perfect feeling in them. Holds a pen quite well between fingers and thumb. The ice to be discontinued.

30th.-Convalescent. Two weeks later my patient was able to attend to his business, and has since continued quite well.

CASE II.-J. T., aged 28, a master baker, not of robust constitution; but wiry and of active habits; has for more than three weeks been taking vapor-baths and mixtures for what he termed rheumatism of legs and arms, but without deriving any benefit from them. I was called to see him on the 27th of April. He was in bed, and could not raise himself up without assistance, from weakness in the back, as he said. He has little power in the flexor muscles of right hand; but grasps pretty firmly with left. Both arms seem heavy, and are frequently benumbed. He walks with difficulty, and with an awkward straggling gait, dragging the right foot behind him. When walking, his toes are apt to trip upon the floor; says his legs feel heavy, and that he frequently suffers from pains in both knees, extending down to the feet, and up to the back; sometimes they are worse in the right, at other times worse in the left limb. When walking or standing, his body inclines somewhat forward. He feels considerable pain, on pressure, over the lumbar vertebræ. Has no uneasiness in head; and never had his back injured. On questioning him as to whether he had not recently suffered from sore throat, he said that about eight weeks previously he had catarrh of throat and nostrils, followed by considerable difficulty in swallowing, but which gradually went away spontaneously. About two weeks after that, he, for the first time, began to complain

of the rheumatism, which has since continued, and gradually increased up to the present time. Having ascertained these facts, I concluded that the case before me was one of paralysis, consequent upon a mild attack of diphtheria. As the treatment in this case was much the same as that adopted in the other, I shall not give it in detail. I commenced with the application of a few leeches to the tender part of the spine: this was followed by the best results. For three nights in succession, a laxative combined with an alterative was administered. On the fourth day the tongue, which was previously foul, was more natural, the pulse much reduced in frequency, and the tenderness, on pressure, had disappeared from spine. The citrate of iron and strychnine was now ordered to be taken three times daily. Friction and galvanism were also to be applied to legs and arms. The recumbent posture to be strictly enforced. Diet to be nourishing. This treatment, with little variation, was continued till the termination of the case. The improvement was continuous and rapid. In about three weeks my patient was convalescent; and while I now write he is quite well and strong.-Glasgow Medical Journal.

Gall's Organology.—In a recent number of the Anthropological Review, Mr. T. Symes Prideaux, writing to the editor of that journal, makes the following defence of the views enunciated by Gall relative to the functions of the brain :

On the second page of the leading article in your last number (p. 330), I read as follows: "Why is it that psychology proper remains where it was 2,000 years ago? Solely because she was too proud or too ignorant to call in the aid of the physiologist and pathologist. So, too, the nearly hopeless and chaotic condition into which the discoveries of Dr. F. Gall, respecting organology, have fallen, is the result of, in the first place, insufficient foundation, and, in the second, dogmatic teaching" and in the next sentence but one, I am informed that "the discussions on the localization of cerebral action, before the Paris Anthropological Society, have inaugurated a new era in science." Now, did the British student derive his opinions of Dr. Gall's discoveries from a perusal of his own writings, I should deem it superfluous to notice such comments. as the preceding. Unfortunately, however, that vast storehouse of knowledge, and imperishable monument to the genius and industry of Gall, his work "Sur les Fonctions du Cerveau," still remains a sealed book to the European public, demonstrating, with additional force, with each successive year's neglect, how greatly its author was in advance of his contemporaries, and still remains in advance of his successors.

Had I not been previously aware of Dr. Hunt's generous assiduity in blowing the trumpet for his friends, the Paris Anthropological Society, I should certainly have imagined that the announcement that the fact of the discussion of the localization of cerebral action, before the Anthropological Society of Paris, inaugurated a new era in science, had been made ironically; that it had been adopted, in short, as a pleasant mode of rebuking some ill-judged pretensions put forth by the society or its partisans, so extravagantly hyperbolical does it appear in the presence of the actual and long-standing position of this question. In the first place, it is a familiar fact that there are a number of considerations which lead so irresistibly to the inference of the plurality of the cerebral organs that, to quote the words of Foderé," they have been adverted to by almost all anatomists, from the days of Galen downward, and even by the great Haller, who felt the necessity (qui éprouvait le besoin) of assigning distinct functions to different parts of the brain;" and Comte, the greatest of modern philosophers, says, "Two philosophical principles, now admitted to be indisputable, serve as the immovable bases of Gall's doctrine, as a whole; viz., the innateness of the fundamental dispositions, affective and intellectual, and the plurality of the distinct and independent faculties." In the second place, Gall left on record a series of observations of facts, which, he considered, justified him in associating the manifestations of twenty-seven mental functions with as many distinct localities of the brain; and no evidence has been adduced to invalidate Gall's conclusions, except, perhaps, in one instance, and in this it was not-as I pointed out many years since the observations of this extraordinary genius that were at fault, so much as the inference he deduced from them.

It has too long been the fashion to advert, in a depreciatory tone, to the labors of Gall, in language which, while so conveniently vague and general as neither to require any definite knowledge, nor commit the utterer to any specific opinion, contrives to insinuate-by the enunciation of the merest platitudes as to the desirability of collecting facts, and the undesirability of hasty induction-that this great man was the inferior of the writer or speaker in the caution and sobriety of judgment which characterize the true philosopher. Surely, it is to be lamented, in the interests of science, that the critics of Gall give us no practical example of the philosophic method and cautious induction in the theory of which they are such masters. They appear to overlook the fact that-if an individual could collect and leave on record such a number of cases of coincidence between special development of brain and