results from an unexpected cause during the course of his employment; nor where the injury is sustained in the performance of a service not within the scope of his duty, if his opportunity for observing the danger is equal to that of his employer; and where an employee voluntarily assumes a risk he thereby waives the provisions of a statute made for his protection.

BUREAUS OF STATISTICS OF LABOR.

In Belgium the Office du Travail (Ministère de l'Industrie et du Tra vail) was established in 1895 at Brussels, the official head of the office being entitled Chef. A superior council of labor (conseil supérieur du travail), which made investigations and reports on matters relating to labor, has been in existence since April 7, 1892. November 12, 1894, a separate labor bureau, similar to the American and French type, was created under the Department of Agriculture, Industry, and Public Works. But in 1895 this department was separated into two departments, known as Department of Agriculture and Public Works, and Department of Industry and Labor, and the newly created labor bureau was made a division under this latter department.

In France the Office du Travail (Ministère du Commerce, de l'Industrie, des postes et des Télégraphes) was established July 21, 1891, at Paris, the official head of the office being entitled Directeur. The publications of the bureau consist of special reports on particular subjects, of which a number are issued each year, and since January 1, 1894, a monthly bulletin, Bulletin de l'Office du Travail.

In Germany the Kommission für Arbeiterstatistik was established June 1, 1891, at Berlin. This is a permanent commission which issues special reports from time to time on particular questions and reports of the minutes of its meetings. The material collected by it is compiled by the Imperial Statistical Bureau.

In Great Britain the Labor Department of the Board of Trade was established in 1893 at London, the official head of the office being entitled Commissioner. A service for the collection and publication of statistics of labor has been in existence under the Board of Trade since March 2, 1886. In 1893 this service was greatly enlarged and given its present name. Its reports, therefore, date from 1886-87, and consist of annual reports of operations and statistical abstracts, annual reports on strikes and lockouts, annual reports on trades unions, annual reports on wages (contemplated), special reports, and, since May, 1893, a monthly Labor Gazette.

In Switzerland the Secrétariat Ouvrier Suisse was constituted December 20, 1886, at Berne. The Secrétariat is an officer of the federation of labor organizations, but is subsidized by the government, which directs him to make certain reports. His publications consist of annual and special reports.

In Ontario, Canada, a Bureau of Industries was organized under the Commissioner of Agriculture, March 10, 1882, the official head of the Bureau being styled Secretary. Annual and occasional special reports are issued.

In New Zealand a Bureau of Industries was created in 1892. In the following year the designation of the bureau was changed to that of Department of Labor. Its publications consist of annual reports and a monthly journal commenced in March, 1893, under the title Journal of Commerce and Labor, which after the issue of a few numbers was changed to that of Journal of the Department of Labor.

We have been informed unofficially that an office for the collection of labor statistics has recently been established in Spain.

The above statement is believed to include information concerning all bureaus of foreign governments specially created for the collection and publication of statistics relating to labor. It is not a statement, however, of the extent to which foreign governments publish labor statistics, as a great deal of valuable information on this subject is contained in the publications of the central statistical bureaus or other offices of foreign governments.

BUREAUS OF LABOR STATISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES.

[In some instances there have been changes in the official titles of officers. They are given as they exist at present.]

a From organization to May 11, 1874, commissioner.

b Reestablished. A like bureau had been established July 12, 1873, which, after making one report, was abolished July 23, 1875.

c Reorganized. See preceding note.

d To March 9, 1889, annual.

This act created a bureau of labor statistics, and was repealed by an act approved March 23, 1883, which created a Bureau of Labor Statistics and Inspection.

BUREAUS OF LABOR STATISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES.

[In some instances there have been changes in the official titles of officers. They are given as they exist at present.]

This office was created June 27, 1884, under the title of Bureau of Labor and the Commissioner appointed January 31, 1885. By an act passed June 13, 1888, the office was established as the Depart

ment of Labor.

Also, bimonthly bulletins are to be published beginning with November, 1895.

h To April 24, 1889, annual.

i The secretary of state is ex officio commissioner.

The governor is ex officio commissioner.

*First report issued December 1, 1834.

No report yet issued.