lots, and shows that the financial condition of the farmers and owners of acre property has increased more than their debts, while the opposite is the case with the owners of other real estate.

In the sixty-five agricultural counties of the state there were in 1880 and 1881 for every 100 foreclosures on acre property 16 redemptions, while in 1892 and 1893 there were 22.6. In the earlier years there were for every $100 of foreclosures $12.03 of redemptions, while in the latter years there were $16.21.

Comparing all foreclosures and redemptions in the city counties it is found that in 1880 and 1881 there were for every 100 foreclosures 33.3 redemptions, while in 1892 and 1893 there were only 6.4, or only one-sixth as many. In 1880 and 1881 for every $100 of foreclosures on property in city counties there were $20.84 of redemptions, while in 1892 and 1893 there were only $5.53, or barely one-fourth as much.

Making allowance for the redemptions by quitclaim deeds in Minnesota for which no data were secured it becomes apparent that from one-fourth to one-third of all farm mortgages foreclosed in the state during the last few years were, or will be, redeemed by the owners of the farms.

FACTORY INSPECTION.-This subject constitutes Part II of the report of the bureau. Guards for dangerous machinery is the first subject treated, the discussion containing 16 illustrations of various machines to which different forms of guards have been attached. The statistics of accidents in the factories and mines of the state show the character of the machine on which the accident happened, or the cause of the same, and the character of the injury. There were 631 accidents reported between April 1, 1893, and December 31, 1894. Fortythree of these were reported by mines and 588 by factories.

The laws of the state regulating the employment of women and children, and various laws bearing on labor and labor organizations, are quoted and amendments recommended.

The condition of guards for switch rails, guard rails, and frogs in 1893 and 1894 on the various railroads in the state is shown.

Between May 1, 1893, and December 31, 1894, the inspectors visited 1,388 different factories and mills in the state. At the time of the first inspection in 1893 these establishments employed 38,866 operatives, of whom 34,436 were males and 4,430 females. The name and address, facts concerning employees and wages, and the various changes in the buildings and machinery ordered by the inspectors are given for each factory inspected. The detail tables are summarized according to the character of the changes ordered and by industries.

MISSOURI.

The Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Inspection of Missouri is for the year ending November 5, 1894. The first pages of this report contain a discussion of existing conditions and tendencies of the times, and a synopsis of the current work of other labor bureaus. The substance of the report is divided as follows: Earnings of employees in lead mines, 33 pages; statistics of

manufactures, 149 pages; factory inspection, 35 pages; crimes and costs, 125 pages; building and loan associations, 138 pages; strikes, 19 pages.

EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN LEAD MINES.-Under this subject reports for 1,281 employees in three representative lead mines in different sections of the state, concerning the number of working days, days actually worked, and actual and average earnings are given in detail for each employee. The results are summarized as follows:

TIME AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES OF LEAD MINES, 1893.

STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES.-The statistics of manufactures collected by the bureau are preceded by a reproduction and discussion of the results of the United States census. The bureau secured reports from 757 private firms and 716 corporations. The number of male and female partners and stockholders, aggregate and average values of capital, stock used, wages, goods made, and proportion of business done are shown by industries, the summary for all industries being as follows:

The report also shows, by industries, the smallest, greatest, and average number of employees; also the number of male and female employees, respectively, engaged during each month, and the number at specified weekly rates of wages. The summary under the last-named classification for the 1,473 establishments is as follows:

CLASSIFIED WEEKLY WAGES IN 1,473 MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS, 1893.

FACTORY INSPECTION.-In the part of the report relating to this subject a synopsis of the orders issued by the inspectors, and the compliance or noncompliance, is given; also the names and addresses of the factories. The approximate number of employees in the different industries in Saint Louis, their condition, surroundings, and wages are shown in connection with the results of the inspection in the other principal cities of the state.

CRIMES AND COSTS.-Under the head of crimes and costs the char. acter of the misdemeanors and felonies, the number of cases in each class, with the number of convictions and acquittals, also the amount of the costs paid by the state and counties, are shown for each county and class of crime. The statistics are preceded by an extended analytical text explaining the figures and making useful deductions. The totals for the state show 10,780 cases (not persons) of misdemeanor during the year, for which the counties paid costs amounting to $245,941.59. There were 3,291 cases of felony, in which the costs amounted to $286,104.89, the average cost for each case reported being $86.93, as compared with $22.81 for each case of misdemeanor. In addition to the items mentioned, the tables show, by counties, for each day of 1893 the number of persons delivered to the penitentiary, their color, age, nativity, occupation, sex, conjugal condition, and term of sentence.

BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS.-The statistics of building and loan associations are shown in detail for each association, the results being presented in eight tables: No. 1, showing assets; No. 2, liabilities; No. 3, receipts; No. 4, disbursements; No. 5, gross profits; No. 6, net profits; No. 7, authorized capital, par value of shares, membership fee, plan, premium, and rates of premium; No. 8, record of shares, record of shareholders, homes paid for, and homes partially paid for. The laws of other states and the different plans of conducting associations are discussed.

The building and loan associations in the city of Saint Louis are treated separately from those in the state exclusive of the city, and the totals combined. Three hundred and fifty-five active associations are given for the year 1894, reports being received from 314, while 41 known to be in existence failed to make reports. One hundred and eighty-nine of the associations were in the city of Saint Louis and 166 in the state outside of the city. Three hundred and seventy-six associations were reported for the state in 1893; 21 others had been incorporated in 1893, making the total number of associations having a nominal existence 397. If to the number 355, supposed to be active in 1894, be added those in liquidation and chartered in 1894 previous to July 1, the totalnumber will be about the same as 1893. Some of the totals shown for all associations for 1894 are summarized as follows:

BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS, 1894.

STRIKES.-A brief account is given of two interstate strikes-the strike originating with the employees of Pullman's Palace Car Company, of Pullman, Illinois, and the coal miners' strike of April 21; also of several minor strikes in the city of Saint Louis.

The report is accompanied with an industrial map showing the location of all mines and railroads in the state and a résumé of the mineral statistics.

WISCONSIN.

The Sixth Biennial Report of the Commissioner of Labor, Census and Industrial Statistics of Wisconsin, for the years 1893 and 1894, treats of the following subjects: The building trades, 64 pages; statistics of manufactures, 55 pages; synoptical report of and orders issued by inspectors of factories and workshops, 206 pages.

BUILDING TRADES.-The first presentation consists of reports from persons engaged in various branches of the building trades in different sections of the state. Answers were obtained to questions concerning apprenticeship, system of promotion of apprentices, did best workmen serve as apprentices in Europe, trouble in hiring first-class workmen, hours of labor, strikes, etc. Reports from employers, representing 2,674 employees, giving the actual wages per hour, are also shown, the statistics being grouped by occupations and cities and covering all branches of the building trades. The wages paid per hour in these trades in the city of Milwaukee are placed in comparison with the wages in similar trades in the several cities of the United States. Considering the general average rate per hour for all the trades involved, the results for some of the cities are given as follows:

RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN BUILDING TRADES IN VARIOUS CITIES, 1893.

STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES.-The statistics of manufactures show for each of 84 different industries the number and per cent of employees receiving stated daily wages including the per cent receiving less than $1 per day. The total amount of wages paid in different industries in the state is shown for each year from 1888 to 1893, inclusive, and the average annual earnings per employee in the different industries for each year from 1889 to 1893, inclusive.

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