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section is to prevent the insertion into a weight of such a plug of lead or pewter as is bona fide necessary for the purpose of adjusting it, and of affixing thereon the stamp of verification. Penalty not exceeding 5l., second offence 101. (section 30).

Coin weights must be stamped by the Board of Trade (section 31).

Counterfeit stamps.-Any person who forges or counterfeits any stamp used under this Act, or wilfully increases or diminishes a weight stamped under this Act-penalty 50l.; and any person who knowingly uses, sells, disposes of, or exposes for sale any measure or weight with such counterfeit stamp thereon, or a weight so increased or diminished, is liable to a fine not exceeding 10l., such weights and measures to be forfeited (section 32).

Board of Trade, powers of.—As to the custody and verification of the imperial standards, see sections 33 to 36, and for verification by Board of Trade of local standards, see sections 37 and 41.

LOCAL AUTHORITIES.

Powers of inspectors, fees, &c.-Local authorities in England are the justices in quarter sessions assembled, and in boroughs the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses, acting by the council. These are to provide local standards, and to appoint a sufficient number of inspectors for safely keeping such standards, and for the discharge of other duties under the Act (sections 40 and 43). By section 44 the local authority shall also fix the times and places at which their inspectors are to attend for the verifying of weights and measures which are to be stamped in such manner as best to prevent fraud.

Fees. See section 47, also 5th schedule to Act.

Powers of inspector.-Every inspector under this Act, when authorized in writing under the hand of a justice of the peace, also every justice of the peace, may at all reasonable times enter premises and inspect all weights, &c., in use for trade within his district; and any person who neglects or refuses to produce for such inspection all weights, measures, scales, &c., in his possession or on his premises, or refuses to permit the justice or inspector to examine the same, or obstructs the entry of the justice or inspector, is liable to a fine not exceeding 5l., or for a second offence 10l. (section 48).

Breach of duty by inspector.-By section 49 a penalty not exceeding 51. for each offence is imposed on inspectors for a breach of any duty or for misconduct in general under this Act.

Expenses under the Act incurred by the local authority to be paid out of the local rate (section 51).

Bye-laws. Local authorities, with the approval of the Board of Trade, may make bye-laws regulating the local verification and stamping of weights and measures, and the duties of inspectors, and they have power to impose fines not exceeding 20s. for the breach of such bye-laws (section 53).

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Procedure.-Offences may be prosecuted and fines and forfeitures recovered on summary conviction before a petty sessional court of two or more justices or a stipendiary magistrate (sections 56 and 70).

As to fines, provisions as to summary proceedings, disposal of forfeited weights, scales, &c., see section 57 of Act.

Limitation for second offences.-No person shall be liable to an increased penalty for a second offence under any section

of this Act unless the offence was committed after a conviction within five years previously for an offence under the same section (section 58).

Evidence of possession.—Where any weight, measure, scale, &c., is found in the possession of any person carrying on trade within the meaning of this Act, or on any premises which, whether a building or in the open air, whether open or enclosed, are used for trade within the meaning of this Act, such person or the owner of such premises shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to have such weight in his possession for use for trade (section 59).

Appeal from conviction.-See section 60.

SCALES IN MARKETS, &C.

By section 64 and second part of schedule 6, owners or managers of any public market in Great Britain where goods are exposed or kept for sale shall provide proper scales and balances, and weights and measures, or other machines for the purpose of weighing or measuring all goods sold, offered, or exposed for sale in any such market, and shall deposit the same at the office of the clerk or toll collector of such market, or some other convenient place, and shall have the accuracy of such scales, &c., tested at least twice in every year by the inspector of weights or measures where the market is situate, and all expenses attending the purchase, adjusting and testing thereof, shall be paid out of the moneys collected out of the tolls in the market.

Goods sold in market, weighing of.-Such clerk or toll collector shall at all reasonable times, when called upon so to do, weigh or measure all goods which have been sold, offered, or exposed for sale in any such market, upon payment of such reasonable sum as may from time to time be decided pon by the said owners or managers, subject to the approval

and revision of the justices in general or quarter sessions assembled. Fine not exceeding 5l. (schedule 6, part 2).

Goods sold in market deficient in weight.-Every clerk or toll collector of any public market in Great Britain at all reasonable times may weigh or measure all goods sold, offered, or exposed for sale in any such market; and if upon such weighing or measuring they are found deficient in weight or measure, or otherwise contrary to the provisions of this Act, such clerk or toll collector shall take the necessary proceedings for recovering any fine to which the person selling, offering, or exposing for sale, or causing to be sold, offered, or exposed for sale, such goods is liable; and the court convicting the offender may award out of the fine to such clerk or toll collector such reasonable remuneration as to the court seems fit. Penalty not exceeding 5l. (section 64, schedule 6, part 2).

Wife. See title HUSBAND AND WIFE, ante.

Wounding.

WOUNDING unlawfully and maliciously wounding-with which may be taken the unlawful and malicious infliction of grievous bodily harm, is governed by 24 & 25 Vict. c. 100, ss. 11, 18, 20, &c. See EPITOME OF STATUTES, post.

It is of two kinds: (1) felonious; (2) unlawful (not amounting to a felony).

To "wound" means to divide the surface of the body, whether external or internal (such as the inside of the mouth). The instrument by means of which such surface is divided is immaterial, as the statute extends to wounding "by any means whatsoever." If the skin be not broken there is no wounding; but nevertheless "grievous bodily harm may have been inflicted.

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1. Felonious wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm must be

With intent to murder (24 & 25 Vict. c. 100, s. 11);

Or (section 18) (a) with intent to maim, disfigure, dis-
able, or do some other grievous bodily harm ;

Or with intent to resist or prevent the lawful apprehen-
sion of any person.

To convict of felonious wounding or causing grievous bodily harm it is necessary to prove the intent as laid in the indictment, and if this be not proved the prisoner may be found guilty on the same indictment of unlawful wounding. Felonious wounding is not triable at quarter sessions.

2. Unlawful wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm may be either with or without any instrument (section 20).

No intent has to be proved to convict of this offence, and it is only necessary to show that the prisoner unintentionally and unlawfully did the act which caused the wound or grievous bodily harm, although he had no intention of wounding or causing such harm.

On an indictment for unlawful wounding the prisoner may be found guilty of a common assault.

There may be an assault occasioning actual bodily harm not amounting to unlawful wounding (section 47). See EPITOME OF STATUTES, post; also ASSAULTS, p. 83.

As to Attempts to Murder by other means, see 24 & 25 Vict. c. 100, EPITOME OF STATUTES, post.

Section 21. By attempting to choke.

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22. By administering stupefying drugs.

28. By burning by exploding gunpowder.

29. By sending explosives or throwing corrosive

fluid.

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32, &c. By obstructing or injuring railways.

(a) This section extends to three species of assaults:-(1) Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm; (2) Shooting; (3) Attempting to shoot. Each of these may be done with any of the intents set out.

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