4 inches from the base of the pencil. I then put an ant to the larvæ; when she had become acquainted with the road, she went very straight, as is shown in the woodcut 'Fig. 12). In one case, at the point E, she dropped her larva and returned for another.

Fig. 12.

When

Routes followed in experiment No. 1, as detailed above.

A, position of pencil. B, paper bridge. C and D, glass with larvæ. E, point where larva dropped, the opposite arrow and loop marking return route. 1, 2, 3, 4, comparatively straight paths to the glass. 5, 5, circuitous route on shifting of glass. different access to nest.

she returned on the next journey and was on the glass, I moved it 3 inches, to D, so that the end of the glass was 6 inches from the base of the pencil. If she were much guided by sight, then she would have had little

or no difficulty in finding her way back. Her pathway, however (No. 5), which is traced on the paper, shows that she was completely abroad; and, after all, she got back to the nest by a different route.

Routes followed in experiment No. 2, as mentioned in text

B, paper bridge leading to nest. C, glass tray with larvæ, ia its first position; and D in its position when shifted. 1, 2, 3, 4, thin white lines indicating the comparatively straight routes. 5, thick white line, and 6, dotted' ne showing tortuous paths when glass had been altered in position The arrows indicate directions travelled.

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I then varied the experiment as subjoined, and as shown in the woodcut (Fig. 13).

Experiment 2.-I connected the table with the nest by a paper bridge, the end of which is shown at B (Fig. 13), and which came down about an inch from the pole supporting the nest (see Fig. 1). Th' pole rose 18 inches above the table. I then put glass tray (c) with larvæ as before, 12 inches from the base of the pole, and put an ant to the larvæ. When she had learnt her way I traced four of her routes, as shown in the thin lines 1, 2, 3, 4. I then on her next journey (5, thick white ine), when she was on the tray. (c), moved it three shown in the figure, and again traced contrast is very striking between the thin white lines 1, 2, 3, 4 of the for familiar with the road; whereas in th: broad white line No. 5 the zigzag twistings show how much difficulty the ant experienced in finding her way. When she returned I again moved the tray as before, and the dotted sinuous white line (6) shows the course she followed.

inches to D, as

her route. The latively straight

journeys when

Experiment 3.-I then again varied the experiment as follows:-I placed the larvæ in a small china cup on the top of the pencil, which thus formed a column 7 inches high. The cross line close to the arrows (Fig. 14) is as before, the base of the paper bridge leading to the nest. c shows the position of the penny on which the pencil was supported. The dotted white lines 1, 2, 3, 4 show the routes of a marked ant on four

successive journeys from the nest to the base of the pencil. I then moved the pencil 6 inches to D, and the two following routes are marked 5 and 6. In one of them, 5 (thick white line), the ant found a stray

Routes followed in experiment No. 3, as described in text

The line at the six arrows represents a paper bridge going to nest c, china cup on top of pencil. D, pencil moved. E, place where a stray larva was found. 1, 2, 3, 4, dotted lines show the nearly direct journeys. 5, thick white line (crossing c in black) of route returning to nest, the ant having picked up a stray larva at E. 6. very circuitous thin white line of track from nest to pencil D.

Larva at E, with which she returned to the nest, without finding the pencil at all. On the following journey, shown in the fine white zigzag line (6), she found the pencil at last, but, as will be seen, only after many meanderings.

Diagram of complex path traversed in experiment 4.

A, first position of pencil. B, second position of pencil. 1, 2 straight lines of two tracks of the observed ants. 3, winding narrow white line, showing course pursued by the same ant before arriving at B, when the position of the pencil was unchanged.

Experiment 4.-I then repeated the observation