phy so diligently, that you will regain by your diligence what your negligence had lost you. I love you for this, my dear Meg, that, whereas I never found you a loiterer--your proficiency evidently showing how painfully you have proceeded therein-yet, such is your modesty, that you had rather still accuse yourself of negligence, than make any vain boast Except you mean this, that you will hereafter be so diligent, that your former endeavors, though praiseworthy, may, as compared to your future diligence, be called negligence.

4. If this you mean-as I verily think you do-nothing can be more fortunate for me, nothing, my dearest daughter, more happy for you. I have earnestly wished that you might spend the rest of your days in studying the Holy Scriptures, and the science of medicine: these offer the means for fulfilling the end of our existence, which is, to endeavor to have a sound mind in a sound body. Of these studies you have already laid some foundation, nor will you ever want matter to build upon. In nothing are the first years of life so well bestowed as in humane learning and the liberal arts.

5. By these we obtain that our after age can better struggle with the difficulties of life; and if not acquired in youth, it is uncertain whether at any other time we shall have the advantage of so careful, so loving, and so learned a master. I could wish, my dear Meg, to talk long with you about these matters, but here they are bringing in the supper, interrupting me and calling me away. My supper will not be so sweet to me, as this my speech with you is; but then, we have others to miud as well as ourselves.

6. Farewell, my dearest daughter, and commend me kindly to your husband, my loving son; who, it rejoices me to hear, is studying the same things you do. You know I always counselled you to give place to your husband; but, in this respect, I give you full license to strive and be the master, more especially in the knowledge of the spheres. Farewell, again and again. Commend me to all your school-fellows, but to your master especially. From your father who loves you, THOMAS MORE.

81. INFLUENCE OF CATHOLICITY ON CIVIL LIBERTY.

DR. SPALDING.

M. J. SPALDING, D. D., bishop of Louisville, born in Kentucky in the early part of the present century. This distinguished prelate and profond theologian, is also an accomplished scholar, and an eminent writer, whe counts nothing foreign to his purpose, that affects the welfare of mer.. Hi reviews, essays, and lectures, are replete with the information most requi Bite in our age. His "Evidences of Catholicity," "Review of D'Aubigne's History of the Reformation," "Sketches of the early Catholic Missions in Kentucky," and his "Miscellanies," are among our standard works.

1. Or the old Catholic republics, two yet remain, standing monuments of the influence of Catholicity on free institutions. The one is imbosomed in the Pyrenees of Catholic Spain, and the other is perched on the Apennines of Catholic Italy. The very names of Andorra and San Marino are enough to refute the assertion, that Catholicity is opposed to republican gov ernments. Both of these little republics owed their origin directly to the Catholic religion. That of Andorra was founded by a Catholic bishop, and that of San Marino, by a Catholic monk, whose name it bears. The bishops of Urgel have been, and are still, the protectors of the former; and the Roman Pontiffs of the latter.

2. Andorra has continued to exist, with few political vicissitudes, for more than a thousand years; while San Marino dates back her history more than fifteen hundred years, and is therefore not only the oldest republic in the world, but perhaps the oldest government in Europe. The former, to a territory of two hundred English square miles, has a population of fifteen thousand; while the latter, with half the popu lation, has a territory of only twenty-one square miles. Both of them are governed by officers of their own choice; and the government of San Marino in particular, is conducted or the most radically democratic principles.

3. The legislative body consists of the Council of Sixty, one half of whom at least are, by law, to be chosen from the plebe ian order; and of the Arrengo, or general assembly, summoned under extraordinary circumstances, in which all the families of the republic are to be represented. The executive is lodger

INFLUENCE OF CATHOLICITY ON CIVIL LIBERTY. 237

in two capitanei regyenti, or governors, chosen every six months, and holding jurisdiction, one in the city of San Marino, and the other in the country;-so jealous are these old republicans of placing power in the hands of one man! The judiciary department is managed by a commissary, who is required by law to be a foreigner,-a native of some other part of Italy,-in order that, in the discharge of his office, he may be biassed by no undue prejudices, resulting from family connections.

scarce

4. When Addison visited the republic in 1700, he “ ly met with any in the place who had not a tincture of learning." He also saw the collection of the laws of the republic, published in Latin, in one volume folio, under the title: "Statuta illustrissimæ reipublicæ Sancti Marini." When Napoleon, at the head of his victorious French troops, was in the neighborhood of San Marino, in 1797, he paused, and sent a congratulatory deputation to the republic, "which expressed the reverence felt by her young sister, France, for so ancient and free a commonwealth, and offered, besides an increase of territory, a present of four pieces of artillery." The present was gratefully accepted, but the other tempting offer was wisely declined !

5. The good old Catholic times produced patriots and heroes, of whom the present age might well be proud. William Wallace, defeated at Buscenneth, fell a martyr to the liberty of his native Scotland in 1305. Robert Bruce achieved what Wallace had bled for not in vain,-the independence of his country. He won, in 1314, the decisive battle of Bannockburn, which resulted in the expulsion of the English invaders from Scotland. Are the Hungarians, and Poles, and Spaniards, and French, who fought for centuries the battles of European independence against the Saracens and Turks, to be set down as enemies of freedom? Are the brave knights of St. John, who so heroically devoted themselves for the liberty of Europe at Rhodes and at Malta, also to be ranked with the enemies of human rights?

6. We might bring the subject home to our own times and country, and show that the Catholics of the colony of Mary

land, were the first to proclaim universal liberty, civil and religious, in North America; that in the war for independence with Protestant England, Catholic France came generously and effectually to our assistance; that Irish and American Catholics fought side by side with their Protestant fellow-citzens in that eventful war; that the Maryland line which bled so freely at Camden with the Catholic Baron de Kalb, while Gates and his Protestant militia were consulting their safety by flight, was composed to a great extent of Catholic soldiers; that there was no Catholic traitor during our revolution; that the one who perilled most in signing the Declaration of Independence, and who was the last survivor of that noble band of patriots, was the illustrious Catholic, Charles Carroll of Carrollton; that half the generals and officers of our revolution-Lafayette, Pulaski, Count de Grasse, Rochambeau, De Kalb, Kosciuszko, and many others were Catholics; and that the first commodore appointed by Washington to form our infant navy, was the Irish Catholic-BARRY. These facts, which are but a few of those which might be adduced, prove conclusively that Catholicity is still, what she was in the middle ages, the steadfast friend of free institutions.

7. To conclude: Can it be that Catholicity, which saved Europe from barbarism and a foreign Mohammedan despot. ism,—which in every age has been the advocate of free principles, and the mother of heroes and of republics,-which origi nated Magna Charta and laid the foundation of liberty in every country in Europe, and which in our own day and country has evinced a similar spirit,-is the enemy of free principles? We must blot out the facts of history, before we can come to any such conclusion! If history is at all to be relied on, we must conclude, that THE INFLUENCE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAS BEEN FAVORABLE TO CIVIL LIBERTY

82. THE MINISTRY OF ANGELS.

SPENSER.

EDMUND SPENSER-one of the brightest of that galaxy of poets who shed lustre on the reign of Elizabeth. The poetry of Spenser belongs to the first order. There is a salutary purity and nobleness about it. He is a connecting link between Chaucer and Milton; resembling the former in his descriptive power, his tenderness, and his sense of beauty, though inferior to him in homely vigor and dramatic insight into character. His 'Fairy Queen" is the chief representative in English poetry of the romance which once delighted hall and bower. Notwithstanding his polemical allegory of Duessa, a sorry tribute to the age, nothing is more striking than the Catholic tone that belongs to Spenser's poetry. The religion and the chivalry of the Middle Ages were alike the inspirers of his song. He belongs to the order of poets who are rather the monument of a time gono by than an illustration of their own.

1. AND is there care in heaven?

And is there love

In heavenly spirits to these creatures base,
That may compassion of their evils move?
There is :-else much more wretched were the case
Of men than beasts: but oh! th' exceeding grace
Of highest God, that loves his creatures so,
And all his works with mercy doth embrace,
That blessed angels he sends to and fro,
To serve to wicked man, to serve his wicked foe!

2. How oft do they their silver bowers leave
To come to succor us, that succor want !
How oft do they, with golden pinions cleave
The flitting skies, like flying pursuivant,
Against foul fiends to aid us militant!

They for us fight, they watch and duly ward,
And their bright squadrons round about us plant;
And all for love, and nothing for reward:
Oh! why should heavenly God to men have such regard!

SONNEL.

3. SWEET is the rose, but grows upon a brere;
Sweet is the juniper, but sharp his bough;
Sweet is the eglantine, but pricketh near;
Sweet is the firbloom, but his branches rough;