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Supplemental Provisions.

lates, alters,(1) or falsifies any books, papers, writings, or securities, or makes or is privy to the making of any false or fraudulent entry in any register, book of account, or other document belonging to the company with intent to defraud or deceive any person, every person so offending shall be deemed to be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon being convicted shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding two years, with or without hard labour.

(1) Destroys, mutilates, alters, &c.]-This is an indictable offence, and the essence of it is an "intent to defraud or deceive" some person.

167. Prosecution of delinquent directors in the case of winding up by court. Where any order is made for winding up a company by the court or subject to the supervision of the court, if it appear in the course of such winding up that any past or present director, manager, officer, or member of such company has been guilty of any offence in relation to the company for which he is criminally responsible, the court may, on the application of any person interested in such winding up, or of its own motion, direct the official liquidators, or the liquidators, (as the case may be,) to institute and conduct a prosecution or prosecutions for such offence, and may order the costs and expenses to be paid out of the assets of the company.

168. Prosecution of delinquent directors, &c., in case of voluntary winding up.-Where a company is being wound up altogether voluntarily, if it appear to the liquidators conducting such winding up that any past or present director, manager, officer, or member of such company has been guilty of any offence in relation to the company for which he is criminally responsible, it shall be lawful for the liquidators, with the previous sanction of the court, to prosecute such offender, and all expenses properly incurred by them in such prosecution shall be payable out of the assets of the company in priority to all other liabilities.(1)

(1) In priority to all other liabilities.]-Sects. 165 to 168 relate to criminal offences by directors and officers. But they incur other responsibilities imposed by the Larcenies Act. Their civil liabilities have been formally determined by a recent case in the House of Lords, Cullen v. Thompson

Part IV. Winding-up.

(6 L. T. Rep. N.S. 873), from which the following principles may be deduced: 1. That where directors of a Joint Stock Company issue false and fraudulent reports to the public, and the manager, secretary, and other officers of the bank supply the detailed statements for such report, knowing them to be false, and that they are to be used for purposes of deceit, and a third party, acting on such reports, purchases shares in the company and suffers loss thereby, each of the officers of the company who knowingly assisted in the fraud is personally liable to such third party for the loss caused by such misrepresentations in the report, though the report was signed only by the directors, and not by the subordinate officers. 2. The manager and secretary of a Joint Stock Bank, as well as the directors, are servants of the shareholders, and the manager and officers are equally liable for fraudulent reports, though not signing their names thereto; for the public in such cases give credit to the officers of the bank as much as to the directors. 3. A servant who joins and assists his master in the commission of a fraud is civilly responsible for the consequences, though his concurrence is unknown to the party injured; for all directly concerned in the commission of a fraud are principals.

169. Penalty of perjury. — If any person, upon any examination upon oath or affirmation authorized under this act, or in any affidavit, deposition, or solemn affirmation in or about the winding up of any company under this act, or otherwise in or about any matter arising under this act, wilfully and corruptly gives false evidence, he shall, upon conviction, be liable to the penalties of wilful perjury.

Power of Courts to make Rules.

170. Power of Lord Chancellor of Great Britain to make rules.— In England the Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, with the advice and consent of the Master of the Rolls, and any one of the Vice-Chancellors for the time being, or with the advice and consent of any two of the Vice-Chancellors, may, as often as circumstances require, make such rules concerning the mode of proceeding to be had for winding up a company in the Court of Chancery as may from time to time seem necessary, but until such rules are made the general practice of the

Power of Courts to make Rules.

Court of Chancery, including the practice hitherto in use in winding up companies, shall, so far as the same is applicable and not inconsistent with this act, apply to all proceedings for winding up a company.

171. Power of Court of Session in Scotland to make rules.-In Scotland the Court of Session may make such rules concerning the mode of winding up as may be necessary by Act of Sederunt; but, until such rules are made, the general practice of the Court of Session in suits pending in such court shall, so far as the same is applicable, and not inconsistent with this act, apply to all proceedings for winding up a company, and official liquidators shall in all respects be considered as possessing the same powers as any trustee on a bankrupt

estate.

172. Power to make rules in Stannaries Court.-The vice-warden of the Stannaries may from time to time, with the consent provided for by section twenty-three of the act of eighteenth of Victoria, chapter thirty-two, make rules for carrying into effect the powers conferred by this act upon the court of the vice-warden, but, subject to such rules, the general practice of the said court and of the registrar's office in the said court, including the present practice of the said court in winding up companies, may be applied to all proceedings under this act; the said vice-warden may likewise, with the same consent, make from time to time rules for specifying the fees to be taken in his said court in proceedings under this act; and any rules so made shall be of the same force as if they had been enacted in the body of this act; and the fees paid in respect of proceeding taken under this act, including fees taken under "The Joint Stock Companies Act, 1856," in the matter of winding up companies, shall be applied exclusively towards payment of such additional officers, or such increase of the salaries of existing officers, or pensions to retired officers, or such other needful expenses of the court, as the Lord Warden of the Stannaries shall from time to time, on the application of the vice-warden or otherwise, think fit to direct, sanction, or assign, and meanwhile shall be kept as a separate fund apart from the ordinary fees of the court arising from other business, to await such direction and order of the lord warden herein, and to accumulate by investment in government securities until the whole shall have been so appropriated.

Part V. Registration Office.

173. Power of Lord Chancellor of Ireland to make rules.-In Ireland the Lord Chancellor of Ireland may, as respects the winding up of companies in Ireland, with the advice and consent of the Master of the Rolls in Ireland, exercise the same power of making rules as is by this act hereinbefore given to the Lord Chancellor of Great Britain; but until such rules are made the general practice of the Court of Chancery in Ireland, including the practice hitherto in use in Ireland in winding up companies, shall, so far as the same is applicable and not inconsistent with this act, apply to all proceedings for winding up a company.

PART V.

REGISTRATION OFFICE.

174. Constitution of registration office.-The registration of companies under this act shall be conducted as follows; (that is to say), (1.) The Board of Trade may from time to time appoint such registrars, assistant registrars, clerks, and servants as they may think necessary for the registration of companies under this act, and remove them at pleasure:

(2.) The Board of Trade may make such regulations as they think fit with respect to the duties to be performed by any such registrars, assistant registrars, clerks, and servants as aforesaid: (3.) The Board of Trade may from time to time determine the places at which offices for the registration of companies are to be established, so that there be at all times maintained in each of the three parts of the United Kingdom at least one such office, and that no company shall be registered except at an office within that part of the United Kingdom in which by the memorandum of association the registered office of the company is declared to be established; and the board may require that the registrar's office of the Court of the Vicewarden of the Stannaries shall be one of the offices for the registration of companies formed for working mines within the jurisdiction of the court:

Registration Office.

(4.) The Board of Trade may from time to time direct a seal or seals to be prepared for the authentication of any documents

required for or connected with the registration of companies: (5.) Every person may inspect the documents kept by the registrar of joint stock companies; and there shall be paid for such inspection such fees as may be appointed by the Board of Trade, not exceeding one shilling for each inspection; and any person may require a certificate of the incorporation of any company, or a copy or extract of any other document or any part of any other document, to be certified by the registrar; and there shall be paid for such certificate of incorporation, certified copy, or extract such fees as the Board of Trade may appoint, not exceeding five shillings for the certificate of incorporation, and not exceeding sixpence for each folio of such copy or extract, or in Scotland for each sheet of two hundred words:

(6.) The existing registrar, assistant registrars, clerks, and other officers and servants in the office for the registration of joint stock companies shall, during the pleasure of the Board of Trade, hold the offices and receive the salaries hitherto held and received by them, but they shall in the execution of their duties conform to any regulations that may be issued by the Board of Trade :

(7.) There shall be paid to any registrar, assistant registrar, clerk, or servant that may hereafter be employed in the registration of joint stock companies such salary as the Board of Trade may, with the sanction of the Commissioners of the Treasury, direct: (8.) Whenever any act is herein directed to be done to or by the registrar of joint stock companies, such act shall, until the Board of Trade otherwise directs, be done in England to or by the existing registrar of joint stock companies, or in his absence to or by such person as the Board of Trade may for the time being authorize; in Scotland to or by the existing registrar of joint stock companies in Scotland; and in Ireland to or by the existing assistant registrar of joint stock companies for Ireland, or by such person as the Board of Trade may for the time being authorize in Scotland or Ireland

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